(全)英语精读之雅思10含译文abc

英语精读之雅思10含译文abcA段Internationally,'giftedness'ismostfrequentlydeterminedbyascoreonageneralintelligencetest,knownasanIQtest,whichisaboveachosencutoffpoint,usuallyataroundthetop2-5%.国际间，众所周知的IQ测试成绩中，最高的2-5%的成绩常被用以标测“天才”。Children'seducationalenvironmentcontributestotheIQscoreandthewayintelligenceisused.教育有助于IQ测试成绩名列前茅及施谋用智。Forexample,averyclosepositiverelationshipwasfoundwhenchildren'sIQscoreswerecomparedwiththeirhomeeducationalprovision(Freeman,2010).例如，Freeman于2010年便指出IQ测试成绩与家庭教育投资几乎呈正相关关系。Thehigherthechildren'sIQscores,especiallyoverIQ130,thebetterthequalityoftheireducationalbackup,measuredintermsofreportedverbalinteractionswithparents,numberofbooksandactivitiesintheirhomeetc.以家长的交流记录，家里的书及家庭活动量为评估标准发现：IQ成绩越高，尤其130分以上，家庭教育质量越高。BecauseIQtestsaredecidedlyinfluencedbywhatthechildhaslearned,theyaretosomeextentmeasuresofcurrentachievementbasedonage-norms;thatis,howwellthechildrenhavelearnedtomanipulatetheirknowledgeandknow-howwithinthetermsofthetest.毫无疑问，IQ成绩由孩子们之前所学的知识最终决定，IQ测试换汤不换药，知识掌握的熟练度及考试中的应试技巧决定其分数。Thevocabularyaspect,forexample,isdependentonhavingheardthosewords.例如，耳濡目染的词汇自然可以脱口而出。ButIQtestscanneitheridentifytheprocessesoflearningandthinkingnorpredictcreativity.然而，IQ测试无关通幽洞微、以一知万的认知能力，更无法卜测其独树一帜的潜力。B段Excellencedoesnotemergewithoutappropriatehelp.玉不琢不成器。Toreachanexceptionallyhighstandardinanyareaveryablechildrenneedthemeanstolearn,whichincludesmaterialtoworkwithandfocusedchallengingtuition-andtheencouragementtofollowtheirdream.事半功倍的资料和醍醐灌顶的教学是行之有效的学习之道，没有它们及鞭麟笞凤的鼓励，天资卓越的孩子也难有丰功伟绩。Thereappearstobeaqualitativedifferenceinthewaytheintellectuallyhighlyablethink,comparedwithmoreaverage-abilityorolderpupils,forwhomexternalregulationbytheteacheroftencompensatesforlackofinternalregulation.与反应迟缓资质平庸的孩子比，貌似能力非凡的孩子其思考能力很强大，上其实是因为前者，自律性自觉性差，太过依赖老师的耳提面命。Tobeattheirmosteffectiveintheirself-regulation,allchildrencanbehelpedtoidentifytheirownwaysoflearning-metacognition-whichwillincludestrategiesofplanning,monitoring,evaluation,andchoiceofwhattolearn.蕴含规虑揣度，恪守不逾，日省月修，独立思考的学习之道可以让所有孩子高效自律。Emotionalawarenessisalsopartofmetacognition,sochildrenshouldbehelpedtobeawareoftheirfeelingsaroundtheareatobelearned,feelingsofcuriosityorconfidence,forexample.情感意识亦是其不可缺少的组成部分，例如，好奇自信都有助于对所学知识了然于胸。C段Highachievershavebeenfoundtouseself-regulatorylearningstrategiesmoreoftenandmoreeffectivelythanlowerachievers,andarebetterabletotransferthesestrategiestodealwithunfamiliartasks.功成业就者不但能比碌碌无为的人事半功倍低掌握学习之道，而且可以更好地用其解决千变万化的新问题。Thishappenstosuchahighdegreeinsomechildrenthattheyappeartobedemonstratingtalentinparticularareas.一些孩子深谙此道犹如天赋异禀。Overviewingresearchonthethinkingprocessofhighlyablechildren,(ShoreandKanevsky,1993)puttheinstructorsproblemsuccinctly:'Ifthey[thegifted]merelythinkmorequickly,thenweneedonlyteachmorequickly.Iftheymerelymakefewererrors,thenwecanshortenthepractice'.例如，1993年，针对天才儿童思维方式的研究，ShoreandKanevsky言简意赅总结了老师关于神童难带的牢骚：天才儿童如果只是思维敏捷或者算无疏漏就好办了，加快教学进度或者减少练习足以解决。Butofcourse,t