英语中的主谓一致1116

#英语主谓一致一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。一、语法上一致1不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。Muchmilkisofferedtohim.ReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.Tonodone'sheadmeansagreement.Whattheysaidistrue.2and连接主语时，注意以下几点：由and,both...and连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事,同一概念时谓语用单数。Bothbreadandbutterwereservedforbreakfastinthishotel.Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.凡是由each.andeach.,every.andevery.,no.andno.,manya.andmanya.连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。Eachmanandeachwomanhasachancetoberaisedinourcompany.Noboyandnogirldoesn'tgotoschoolattheageofseveninthisvillage.由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。BeerfromtheUSAandGermanyismuchbetterthatfromBritain.凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代词)则谓语用单数。Theprofessorandthewriterhavepublishedafewnewbooksonradio.Thetenthandlastchapteriswrittenbyayoungman.由and连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。Theteacher,andperhapshisstudentstoo,islikelytobepresent.What从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。Whathesaysandwhathethinkshavenothingtodowithme.WhatIsayanddoismyownaffair.由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.(MET1991)AisnotdecidedBarenotdecidedChasnotdecidedDhavenotdecided主语+介词(短语):with,except,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,over,besides,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等连接的名词时，谓语以介词(短语)前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。ThemanwithhsdaughtersandsonsiswatchingTV.Thegirlsaswellastheteacheraredancing.考例：1:E-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantroleinourdailylife(1999上海)AplayingBplayCplaysDhaveplayed2)Alibrarywithfivethousandbookstothenationasagift.(MET1990)AisofferedBhasofferedCareofferedDhaveoffered不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeverywell.Noneofthefarmershas(have)beenabroad.manya(an)+名词和morethanone+名词做主语时谓语用单数。Manyanappleisinthebasket.Morethanonestamphasbeencollectedbyher.6在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。Threeandfouris（are）seven.Twotimestenis（are）twenty.7当kindof,pairof,typeof等做主语时，谓语与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。如：Thispairoftrousersfitsyou.Thekindoftheappletastesdelicious.8当alotof,lotsof,plentyof等短语作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。Thereareplentyofeggsinthebasket.Lotsofmeathasbeensoldout.考例：Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeofdesertcoveredtheland.（2001上海）Anumber,hasBquantity,hasCnumber,haveDquantity,have当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.70percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.考例：ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.（2000上海）ATwofifth,isBTwofifth,areCTwofifth,isDTwofifths,are在oneof+复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是oneof结构，定语从句用复数，若是the（only）oneof结构，定语从句用单数。Zhouxiaisoneofthegirlswholikehiking.Tianliliistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.考例：Heistheonlyofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.（2002上海）AisBareChavebeenDhasbeen“anumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，"thenumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。Thenumberofbooksisnomorethan100,butanumberofthemisoflittleuse.考例：thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.（NMET1996）Awere,wasBwas,wasCwas,were,Dwere,were二、意义上一致1当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。Tenyearsisquitealongtime.2当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。Therichliveahappylife,whilethepoorliveahardlife.Thewoundedisourcaptain.3当maths（mathematics）,politics,physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面时，谓语用复数。Mathsisdifficulttolearn.Hisphysicsarepoor.4用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingbook.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.5如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,half,rest,part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。（单独all作主语，指人用复数，指物用单数）。Alloftherubbishwasclearedaway.Alloftheclassmateshavepassedtheexamination.当集合名词family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。Class3areunabletoagreeontheplan.HisfamilyhasjustmovedtoBeijing.有的名词如police,cattle,people,clothes,trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works,species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。Shortlyaftertheaccident,thepoliceweresenttokeeporder.考例：Everypossiblemeanstopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear(2000上海)。AisusedBareusedChasbeenusedDhavebeenused三、就近一致连词or,either...or,not...but,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,whether...or等连词并歹U作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtoanswerhisquestion.NotonlyhebutalsohisfriendshavebeentoNewYork.考例：Eitheryouortheheadmastertheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting(1994上海)AishandingoutBaretohandoutCarehandingoutDistohandout在therebe结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如：Thereisadeskandthreechairsintheroom.Therearethreechairsandadeskintheroom.Addition:表达祝愿的句型。I/We/Letus+wishsb.+sth.Iwishyouhappiness.Iwishyouafullrecovery.Iwishyoueverysuccessinyournewpost.Letuswishyoutheverybestofluck.主语(IWeLetus)+wish+sb.+todosth.Iwishyoutosucceedinyourperformance.Letuswishyoutowinstillgreatervictoriesinthescientificresearch.主语(IWe)hope+宾语从句Ihopeallisgoingwellwithyourfamily.May+主语+动词原形+其它Mayyoubothbealwayshappy.Mayyoureturnsafeandsound.Mayallhappinessattendyou.主语(I/We/letme)+send/offer+宾语+forLetmeoffermyheartygoodwishedforyoursuccess.名词+tosb.Successtoyouall!Agoodjourneytoyou!Goodlucktoeveryone!WritingstoriesandarticleswhatI'mfondof.AisBwereCareDhavebeenEitheryouorIgoingtoattendthemeeting.AisBareCamDwillEachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,togotouniversity.SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.tohopeThesingerandcomposercomingnextMonday.AisBareCwereDwasTheyoungtoberudetotheoldinsomeareasnowadaysAseemBseemsCseemingDseemedLilyisoneofthestudentswhoskating.AlikesBlikeClikedDlikingOfthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neitheranyendtotheirinfluenceonman'slives.A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethereBill'saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,?A.isn'titB,isitC.isn'theD.isheItwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide.A.wasthemountainclimberrescuedB.thatthemountainclimberwasrescuedC.whenthemountainclimberrescuedD.thenthemountainclimberwasrescuedIhavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn'tmatterthatI'mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhomSeventypercentofthestudentsherefromthecountryside.A.isB.areC.comesD.hascomeThree—fourthsofthehomeworktoday.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinishedOnlyintheschoolbeenrepaired.A.onethirdofthedesks;hasB.onethirddesks;haveC.onethirdofthedesks;haveD.onethirdofdesks;haveAbout40ofthepopulationofthatcountryonfarms.A.percent;livesB.percent;liveC.percents;liveD.percents;livesMorethan60percentofworld'sradioprogrammesinEnglish.A.isB.wasC.areD.beThetotalnumberofthepopulationinChinaabout100milliononApril14,1989.A.addedupB.wasC.wereD.roseAlargenumberofthestudentsinourclassgirls.A.areB.wasC.isD.beThenumberofstudentsofthisschoollarge.A.areB.wasC.isD.beThewholeclasstheteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islisteningTheChinesepeoplehard—workingandbrave.AareB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeingThepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearchingThosewhoincompositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.A.hasn'thanded;hisB.haven'thanded;hisC.hashanded;theirD.havehanded;hisJaneisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswhobytheirteacher.A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praisingHeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.isThesubjectofphysicsalwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.isD.areThereplentyofraininthesummer.AisBareChasDhaveTheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostlargestcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereTheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;fiveHertoherchildren'sfaultsquiteextraordinary.A.blind;isB.blind;areC.blindness;isD.blindness;areWhererubbish,thereareflies.A.thereareB.thereisC.isD.therehasThenewsofvictoriesspendingfarandwide.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.wereAgreatdealofenergythisway.A.arewastedB.werewastedC.iswastedD.wastesThepaperforbooksandnewspapersmadeofwood.A.areB.isC.haveD.hasTheairinbigcitiesverydirty.A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmadeC.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmadeTherestoftheapplesinourclasswithinhalfanhour.A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout“Allpresentandallgoingonwell.”ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areTherichnotalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.havecanbedonebeendone.A.All;haveB.Allthat;haveC.All;hasD.Allthat;hasManyamancometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.areWhatyousaidjustnowthematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtodoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtowithMaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.studyNoonebutherparentsit.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowingAlice,togetherwiththetwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunishedEveryonehere,includingchildrenandoldpeople,inforsports.A.goB.goingC.togoD.goesI,whoyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.A.beB.amC.areD.isItisIwhowrong.A.isBamC.areD.isNobirdandnobeastinthelonelyisland.A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.seesEverymeanspreventthewaterfrom.A.areusedto;pollutingB.getusedto;pollutingC.isusedto;pollutedD.isusedto;beingpollutedNotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpaintingbothofusgoodatpainting.A.are;areB.am;areC.is;isD.are;isEitheryourparentsoryourelderbrothertoattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.isB.areC.aregoingD.haveNeithermyfathernorIathome.A.amB.isC.areD.beEveryboyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.likeD.islikeInwinterwetclothesnearfire.A.oftenhangedupB.areoftenhangedupC.isoftenhungupD.areoftenhungupApplesofthiskind.A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewellYourtrousersdirty,youmusthavewa