2022年河北省衡水市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022年河北省衡水市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Accordingtothepassage,eighthoursanight______.

A.isunlikeeightglassesofwateraday

B.isonlysoundintheory

C.isapplicabletoeveryone

D.isarulewithpublicobedience

2.

Whentheinterviewerasksthequestionsaboutthepreviousboss,hewantstofindoutwhethertheintervieweeswould______.

3.

Thedisruptednaturalecosystemhasledto______ofsomespeciesandputalotofspeciesindanger.

4.

Plantspeciesaredispersedoveralargeareawiththehelpof______.

5.

TheTaxActof1862gavetheofficeofCIRauthoritytocollecttaxesandseizepropertyandincome.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

7.Somepeoplehavetheage-olddesiretoputthejokeonothers.

8.IsCollegeReallyWorththeMoney?

TheRealWorld

EsteGriffithhaditallfiguredout.WhenshegraduatedfromtheUniversityofPittsburghinApril2001,shehadhersightssetononething:workingforalaborunion.

Therealworldhadotherideas.Griffithleftschoolwithnotonlyadegree,butaboatloadofdebt.Sheowed$15.000instudentloansandhadrackedup$4,000increditcarddebtforbooks,groceriesandotherexpenses.Nolaborunionjobcouldpayenoughtobailherout.

SoGriffithwenttoworkinsteadforaWashington,D.C.firmthatspecializesineconomicdevelopment.Problemsolved?Nope.Atage24,shetakeshomeabout$1,800amonth,$1,200ofwhichdisappearstopayherrent.Addanother$180amonthtoretireherstudentloansand$300amonthtowhittledownhercreditcardbalance."Youdothemath,"shesays.

Griffithhaspracticallynomoneytoliveon.Shebrown-bags(自带午餐)herlunchandbikestowork.Aboveall,shefearsshe'llneverownahouseorbeabletoretire.It'snotthatsheregretsgettingherdegree."Buttheydon'ttellyouthatthetrade-offisthenexttenyearsofyourincome,"shesays.

That'spreciselythedealbeingmadebymoreandmorecollegestudents.They'remortgagingtheirfuturestomeetsoaringtuitioncostsandothercollegeexpenses.LikeGriffith,they'refacingaone-twopunchatgraduation:hefty(沉重的)studentloansandsmotheringcreditcarddebt—nottomentionajobmarketthat,fornowanyway,isdismal.

"Weaxeforcingourchildrentomakeachoicebetweentwoevils,"saysElizabethWarren,aHarvardLawprofessorandexpertonbankruptcy."Skipcollegeandfacealifeofdiminishedopportunity,orgotocollegeandfacealifeshackled(束缚)bydebt."

TuitionHikes

Forsometime,collegeshaveinsistedtheirsteeptuitionhikesareneededtopayforcutting-edgetechnologies,facultyandadministrationsalaries,andrisinghealthcarecosts.Nowthere'sanewculprit(犯人):shrinkingstatesupport.Caughtinaseverebudgetcrunch,manystateshavesharplysealedbacktheirfundingforhighereducation.

Someonehadtomakeupforthoselostdollars.Andyoucanguesswho—especiallyifyouliveinMassachusetts,whichlastyearhikeditstuitionandfeesby24percent,afterfundingdroppedby3percent,orinMissouri,whereappropriations(拨款)fellby10percent,buttuitionroseatdoublethatrate.Aboutone-thirdofthestates,infact,haveincreasedtuitionandfeesbymorethan10percent.

OneofthosestatesisCalifornia,andJanetBurrell'sfamilyisfeelingthepain.AbookkeeperinTorrance,BurrellhasadaughterattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.Meanwhile,hersonsattendtwo-yearcollegesbecauseBurrellcan'taffordtohavealloftheminfour-yearschoolsatonce.

Meanwhile,evenwithtuitionhikes,California'scommunitycollegesaresostrappedforcashtheydroppedthousandsofclasseslastspring.Theresult:54,000fewerstudents.

CollapsingInvestments

Manyfamiliesthoughttheyhadasurefireplan:eveniftuitionkeptskyrocketing,theyhadinvestedenoughmoneyalongthewaytomeetthecosts.ThenafunnythinghappenedonthewaytoWallStreet.Thoseinvestmentscollapsedwiththestuckmarket.Amongtheloserslastyear:thewildlypopular"529"plans—federaltax-exemptcollegesavingsplansofferedbyindividualstates,whichhaveattractedbillionsfromfamiliesaroundthecountry."Wehearfrommanyparentsthatwhattheyhadsetasidedeclinedinvaluesomuchthattheynowdon'thaveenoughtoseetheirstudentsthrough,"saysPennStatefinancialaiddirectorAnnaGriswold,whowitnesseda10percentincreaseinloanapplicationslastyear.Evenwithamarketthatmaybeslowlyrecovering,itwilltaketime,perhapsseveralyears,forpeopletorecoup(补偿)theirlosses.

NadineSayeghis

A.YB.NC.NG

9.BigBlundersfromBigBusinesses

Internationalmarketingcanbeatrickybusiness.Withtheincreaseinglobaltrade,internationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitiveandprofitable.Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.Outoftheirblunders,awholenewindustryoftranslationserviceshasemerged.

FaultyTranslations

Thevalueofunderstandingthelanguageofacountrycannotbeoverestimated.Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.Sincealanguageismorethanthesumofitswords,aliteral,word-by-worddictionarytranslationseldomworks.Thefollowingexamplesprovethispoint.OtisEngineeringCompanyoncedisplayedaposteratatradeshowinMoscowthatturnedheads.Duetoapoortranslationofitsmessage,thesignboastedthatthefirm'sequipmentwasgreatforimprovingaperson'ssexlife.TheParkerPenCompanysufferedanembarrassingmomentwhenitrealizedthatafaultytranslationofoneofitsadsintoSpanishresultedinapromiseto"helppreventunwantedPregnancies."

AutomobilemanufacturersintheUnitedStateshavemadeseveralnotoriousadvertisingmistakesthathavebeenwellpublicized.GeneralMotorslearnedacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.Although"nova"means"star"inSpanish,whenitisspoken,itsoundslike"nova"whichmeans"itdoesn'tgo."Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,salespickedupdramatically.Fordalsoranintotroublewiththenameofoneofitsproducts.Whenitintroducedalow-costtruckcalledthe"Fiera"intoSpanishspeakingcountries,Forddidn'trealizeuntiltoolatethatthenamemeant"uglyoldwoman"inSpanish.AnotherAmericanautomanufacturermadeamistakewhenittranslateditsVenezuelanadforacarbattery.ItwasnosurprisewhenVenezuelancustomersdidn'twanttobuyabatterythatwasadvertisedasbeing"highlyoverrated."

Airlinecompanieshavealsoexperiencedproblemsofpoortranslation.Aword-by-wordtranslationruinedawholeadvertisingcampaignforBraniffAirlines.Hopingtopromoteitsplushleatherseats,Braniff'sadurgedpassengersto"flyonleather."However,whenthesloganwastranslatedintoSpanish,ittoldcustomersto"flynaked."Anotherairlinecompany,EasternAirlines,madeasimilarmistakewhenittranslateditsmotto,"Weearnourwingsdaily"intoSpanish.Thepoortranslationsuggestedthatits'passengersoftenendedupdead.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany'sfriendly"JollyGreenGiant"becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas"IntimidatingGreenOgre."WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi'spopularslogan,"ComeAlivewithPepsi"cameoutimplying"ComeAlivefromtheGrave."NowondercustomersinGermanydidn'trushouttobuyPepsi.EvenacompanywithanexcellentinternationaltrackrecordlikeKentuckyFriedChickenisnotimmunetotheperilsoffaultytranslation.Alotofsaleswerelostwhenthecatchphrase"fingerlickin'good"became"eatyourfingersoff"intheChinesetranslation.

AmanufacturerofonelaundrydetergentmadeanexpensivemistakeinapromotionalcampaignintheMiddleEast.Theadvertisementsshowedapictureofapileofdirtyclothesontheleft,aboxofthecompany'sdetergentinthemiddle,andcleanclothesontheright.Unfortunately,themessagewasincorrectlyinterpretedbecausemostpeopleintheMiddleEastreadfromrighttoleft.Itseemedtothemthatthedetergentturnedcleanclothesintodirtyones.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

WhathashappenedtoT-Painsince2005?

A.Hewentoutoffashionsoon.

B.HehadtogiveupAuto-Tune.

C.Hebecameverysuccessful.

D.Heheldconcertsworldwide.

11.

Childrenwhoaregoodatdealingwiththefrictionswiththeirbrothers/sisterswillresolvetheconflictwiththeirclassmateswell.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

AncientEgyptian"shadowclock"or"sundial"discoveredaround1500BC,couldmeasurepassageof"hours"automaticallyandcontinuously.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.Theblack/whitetrickcanprovidepeoplewithmorethantwochoicesfortheirargument.

14.

Theclosertotheextratropics,themorespeciesthereare.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.Changeblindnessreferstothephenomenonthat______.

A.manypeoplefailtonoticethebigchangearoundthem

B.peopletendtoignorethesmallchangesinthesurroundings

C.people'schoicescanbeeasilyinterruptedbyabigchange

D.quiteafewpeopledonothaveagoodsenseofdirections

16.

Consumermistrusthasledto______aboutdrugsafetyandrisks.

17.

ForAOL,theIn2TVdealispartofabroadstrategytoattractpeoplewithfreesportsgamesfromCBSnews,ABCandCNN.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Inordertomaintainahealthycondition,aperson'saveragedailyintakeofcaloriesis______.

19.

A"DIY"divorcemaytakeeffectin______afterthesimpleprocedure.

20.

Thepurposeofthisadvertisementis______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(18)

A.Mr.White'sreasonforleaving.

B.Mr.White'snewappointment.

C.Avacantposition.

D.Howtoapplyforajob.

22.听力原文：EachdayeverypersonintheUnitedStatesthrowsawaymorethanfivepoundsofgarbage.Thereismoregarbagenowthaneverbeforeandmostofitismadeupofthepackagesandcansinwhichwebuyourfood.Thetraditionalwayofgettingridofsolidwastesisquicklybecominginadequate.Manycitiesareexperimentingwithnewerwaysofhandlingtheirgrowingpilesofgarbage.Oneofthesenewwaysis"recycling".Throughrecyclingusablematerialsaretakenoutofgarbageandmadeintosomethingelse.Theseusablepartsofgarbageareputthroughthecycleofgoingfromarawmaterialtoafinishedproductagain.

InsomecitiesamachinecalledHydrapulperisbeingusedtohelprecyclegarbage.AHydrapulperislikeahugemixingmachine.Thegarbageisdroppedontoaconveyorbeltthatfeedsthemachine.Atthesametime,waterispumpedintotheHydrapulper.Withamixingaction,theHydrapulperthrowsouttheheavymetalobjectsthatcanlaterbesoldaswastemetal,therestofthegarbage--paper,food,plastic,rubber,glass,wood,leaves,andotheritems--fallsapart.Thewasteisthenmixedwithwaterandcarriedtoanotherpieceofequipmentwhereglass,sand,andsmallpiecesofmetalarethrownout.WiththeHydrapulper,upto95percentoftheoriginalgarbageismadeagainuseful.Therestisturnedintofurnaceash.

(30)

A.Ittakessomematerialsoutofgarbage.

B.Itseparatesgarbageintousefulanduselessthings.

C.Itjustdropsthegarbageontoaconveyorbeltthatfeedsthemachine.

D.Itpumpswaterintogarbage.

23.(46)

24.听力原文：(32)LeonaBridges,aNewYorkwomanwhomarriedintomillions,lefthermansionandher$12millionfortunetoherpet,alittlewhiteChihuahuanamedDuchess.AlthoughLeonahasoneson,Wilbur,andthreegrandchildren,theyreceivednothinginherwill.

(33)Wilburwasnotsurprised.Hehadalreadyhiredalawyertofightthewill.ThelawyersaidtherewouldbenoproblemprovingthatLeonawasn't"allthere"whenshesignedherwill.Noone,saidthelawyer,intheirrightmindcouldbesocrueltotheirownfleshandbloodwhilebeingsogeneroustoadogthathadbeenrescuedfromananimalshelter."Thedogdoesn'tevenhavepapers,"saidthelawyer.

LeonahadnotspokentoWilburinfiveyears.Theyusedtogetalongverywell.ThenWilburmadeanunfortunatejoke.HewasvisitingLeonaoneafternoon.Shehadjustspent$400atadogbeautyparlor.Theemployeeshadwashed,shampooed,andblow-driedDuchess,andthentiedabigpinkribbonaroundherneck.LeonamentionedtoWilburhowbeautifulDuchesslooked.Wilbursaid,"Yes,ifyourideaofbeautyisalargerodentwithapinkribbonarounditsskinnyneck."Leonagavehimadirtylook.

(34)Wilburapologized,sayinghewasjustjoking,butLeonatoldhimtoleaveimmediately.Howdarehersonbelittleher"baby"?Shedidn'trespondtoanyofhisemailsorphonecalls.Leonatoldherstafftoneverusethewords"Wilbur"inherpresence.(35)Dayslater,shefiredherhousekeeperwhenhesaidhewasgoingto"polishthesilver"—shethoughthesaidhewasgoingto"watchforWilbur".ThehousekeeperhadworkedforLeonafor25years.

(33)

A.Heronlychild,Wilbur.

B.Hersoilandgrandchildren.

C.Herpetdog,Duchess.

D.Hergrandchildren.

25.(21)

A.Increasingdemandsforgoods.

B.Slightriseinconsumerprices.

C.Difficultyinborrowingmoney.

D.Notmentioned.

26.听力原文：M:Whatwouldyoudoifyoubeardastrangenoiseinthemiddleofthenight?

W:I'dlieawakealittlewhile,waitingtoseeifithappenedagain.Andifitdid,I'dgetup.

Q:Howwouldyoudescribethewoman?

(14)

A.Cowardly.B.Anxious.C.Lazy.D.Courageous.

27.听力原文：W:WhereasEuropeannationshavetraditionallyemployedmetricunitssuchasmetersandgrams,theUnitedStateshasemployedEnglishunitssuchasfeetandpounds.

M:BothsystemsarenowinuseintheU.S.though.

Q:Whatarethetwopeoplemostprobablydiscussing?

(18)

A.Weightsandmeasurement.

B.Politicalsystem.

C.Employment.

D.Money.

28.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Don'tyouthinkit'smarvelousthatMaryhaswonthefirstprizeoftheEnglishSpeechContest?

M:Shedeservesit.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Maryisworthyoftheprize.

B.Maryhasgrantedtheprize.

C.Maryfailsinthespeechcontest.

D.Themandoesn'tthinkMarydeservestheprize.

29.(22)

A.Topracticemoreinusingthelanguage.

B.Togotoliveinthecountrywherethelanguageisspoken.

C.TowatchmoreTVprograms.

D.Toturntomoreclassmatesfortipsonlanguagelearning.

30.(28)

A.Theplanetmustbeasbigandheavyastheearth.

B.Properconditionsareessentialtotheexistenceoflife.

C.Doublestarscanprovidesteadylightandheat.

D.Thedistancebetweenaplanetanditssunshouldberight.

31.(24)

A.Hedidn'tunderstandthelecture.

B.Hewantstoborrowhernotesnextweek.

C.Heneedshelpwithamakeupexam,

D.Hewassickandunabletoattend.

32.

【B5】

33.(31)

A.Theynarrowlyescapedcrashingintoeachother.

B.Oneplaneclimbedabovetheotheratthecriticalmoment.

C.Theyhumpedintoeachotheroveraswimmingpool.

D.Theyavoidedeachotherbyturningindifferentdirections.

34.(25)

A.TeachDavid'sclasswhileheisabsent.

B.GiveProfessorWinstonthekeytoDavid'soffice.

C.LeaveamessageontheboardinDavid'sclassroom.

D.BringDavidthehomeworkthatwasduetoday.

35.

【B8】

36.

【B9】

37.(45)

38.(36)

A.Sub-healthisaverydangerousstate.

B.Abalanceddietandexerciseareessentialtokeepawayfromsub-health.

C.Mostsub-healthypeoplearemiddle-agedorelderly.

D.Peopleshouldeatbigmealstogetmorenutritionalelements.

39.

【B7】

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Wherehaveyoubeen?Iwasjustabouttogiveuponyou.

F:Sorry,mybuswasdelayed.ButI'mgladyouwerepatient.Itwouldhavebeenhardforustofindanothertimetomeetthisweek.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(12)

A.Theyshouldmeetanothertimethisweek.

B.Shewon'tbebusythisweek.

C.Sheisangrythatthemandoesn'twaitforher.

D.Therewon'tbeanothertimeavailablefortheminthisweektomeet.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Afewyearsagoitwasfashionabletospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirelders.Parentscomplainedthatchildrendidnotshowthemproperrespectand(47)______,whilechildrencomplainedthattheirparentsdidnotunderstandthematall.Whathadgonewrong?Whyhadthegenerationgapsuddenlyappeared?Actually,thegenerationgaphasbeenaroundforalongtime.Manycriticsarguethatitisbuiltintothe(48)______ofoursociety.

Oneimportantcauseofthegenerationgapistheopportunitythatyoungpeoplehavetochoosetheirown(49)______Inmoretraditionalsocieties,whenchildrengrowup,theyareexpectedtoliveinthesameareaastheirparents,tomarrypeoplethattheirparentsknowand(50)of,andoftentocontinuethefamily(51)______.Inoursociety,youngpeopleoftentravelgreatdistancesfortheireducations,moveoutofthefamilyhomeatanearlyage,marryorlivewithpeoplewhomtheirparentshavenevermet,andchooseoccupationsdifferentfromthoseoftheirparents.

Inourupwardly(52)______society,parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrentodobetterthantheydid:tofindbetterjobs,tomakemoremoney,andtodoallthethingsthattheywereunabletodo.Often,how-ever,the(53)______thatparentshavefortheirchildrenareanothercauseofthe(54)______betweenthem.Often,theydiscoverthattheyhaveverylittleincommonwitheachother.

Finally,thespeedatwhichchangestakeplaceinoursocietyisanothercauseofthe(55)______betweenthegenerations.Inatraditionalculture,elderlypeoplearevaluedfortheir(56)______,butinoursocietytheknowledgeofalifetimemaybecomeobsoleteovernight.

WordBank:

A)gapI)ambitions

B)mobileJ)fabric

C)reapK)approve

D)justificationL)predominant

E)divisionM)occupation

F)equalityN)dreadful

G)wisdomO)life-styles

H)obedience

42.

Whatwillbetheresultofamoreenvironmentallymindednewpresidentbeintheplace?

A.Thecarindustrywillbebenefitedmostandwillbemoreprofitable.

B.Thecongresswillplaylessimportantroleinregulatingemissions.

C.The40-year-oldlawtheCleanAirActwillbeabolished.

D.ThedisputewhetherCO2wasanairpollutantwillbesettled.

43.

WhatisthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociates?

A.Patientscommonlypaycashfortheirmedicalservice.

B.Patientsarereluctanttotelltheirembarrassingillnesstodoctors.

C.ThePrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesenjoysthebestreputationinconductingpolls.

D.Thepatients'disguisingoftheirmedicalinformationwidelyexists.

44.

Accordingtothepassage,whatdothehumanbeingsdependontostructuretheworldinimportantways?

45.

Despiteofthedifferencebetweentwotypesofconsultingindustry,theyareinpracticenot______.

46.

Theauthorexpectsthatthefamilyeconomicswilldevelopintoa______model.

47.

Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynow?

48.

Whatmotivatessomeseniorstosucceed?

49.WhyareA-levelsnowbeingskewedbacktowardsboys?

A.Boyshavecriticalskillsratherthanhardfacts.

B.A-levelsstressexamsinsteadofcoursework.

C.FemalestudentsarenotinterestedinA-levels.

D.Boysputmoreemphasisonprojectwork.

50.

Now,themosteffectiveform.ofadvertisingis______.

A.a30-secondprime-timeTVad

B.a30-secondprime-timeonlineadvertising

C.onlineadvertising

D.mostexpensiveTVad

51.Emotionsaredefinedasstrong,relativelyuncontrolledfeelingsthataffectourbehavior.Everyoneexperiencesawiderangeofemotions.Thinkforamomentaboutarecentemotionalexperience.Whatcharacterizedthisexperience?Allemotionalexperiencestendtohaveseveralelementsincommon.

Emotionsaregenerallytriggeredbyenvironmentalevents.Anger,joyandsadnessaremostfrequentlyaresponsetoasetofexternalevents.However,internalprocesses,suchasimagery,canalsoinitiateemotionalreactions.

Allemotions,assubjectivelyexperiencedandidentified,appeartobeassociatedwithphysiologicalchanges.Theemotionslabeledas"joy","fear"and"anger"occurinconjunctionwithverysimilarphysiologicalpatterns.Currentthinkingleanstowardsacceptingtheprimacy(首位，至高无上)ofphysiologicalchanges,whicharetheninterpretedbasedonenvironmentaloccurrences.Forexample,asuddenfallingsensationwillinitiatephysiologicalchanges.Thesechangeswouldbeinterpretedonthebasisofthesituationinwhichtheyoccur:exhilarationorexcitementofbungeejumping;fearoffallingfromaledge(岩脊).

Anothercharacteristicfeatureofanemotionalexperienceiscognitivethought.Emotionsgenerally,althoughnotnecessarily,areaccompaniedbythinking.Thetypesofthoughtsandourabilitytothink"rationally"varywiththetypeanddegreeofemotion.Extremeemotionalresponsesarefrequentlyusedasanexplanationforinappropriatethoughtsoractions:"IwassomadIcouldn'tthinkstraight."

Emotionsalsohaveassociatedbehaviors.Whilethebehaviorsvarybetweenindividualsandwithinindividualsacrossdifferenttimesandsituations,thereareuniquebehaviorscharacteristicallyassociatedwithdifferentemotions:feartriggersfleeingresponses,angertriggersstrikingout,grieftriggerscrying,andsoon.

Finally,andmostimportantly,emotionsinvolvesubjectivefeelings.Infact,itisthefeelingcomponent(组成部分)thatisgenerallyreferredtowhenemotionsarementioned.Grief,joy,anger,jealousyandfearfeelverydifferentfromoneanother.Thesesubjectivelydeterminedfeelingsaretheessenceofemotion.

Whileallindividualsgenerallyevaluateemotionsinaconsistentmannerandwithinindividualsovertime,therearesomeindividualandsituationalvariations.Forexample,fewpeoplegenerallywanttobesadorafraid,yetwealloccasionallyenjoyamovieorabookthatscaresorsaddensus—orevensomeofthefrighteningridesatthemeparks!

Ifasked,wecoulddoubtlessnamenumerousemotions.Agroupof20orsopeoplecangenerallynameordescribeseveralhundredemotions.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatresearchershaveattemptedtocategorizeortypeemotionsintomoremanageableclusters.Plutchiklistseightbasicemotionalcategories:fear;anger;joy;sadness;acceptance;disgust;expectancy;surprise.

AccordingtoPlutchik,allotheremotionsaresecondaryemotionsandrepresentcombinationsofthesebasiccategories.Forexample,delightisacombinationofsurpriseandjoy,andcontemptiscomposedofdisgustandanger.

Whataretheelementsthatproducehumanemotions?

A.Somestronguncontrolledforceswhichtriggeremotions.

B.Internalprocessessuchasillnesses,happiness,anger,etc.

C.Externalhappeningssuchasdeaths,divorce,promotions,etc.

D.Externalenvironmentaleventsaswellasinternalmentalprocesses.

52.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.DangerousSchoolLife.

B.PowerofRoleModels.

C.CampusViolence.

D.TeachersSuffer.

53.

Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.

A.describetheharmfulairpollution

B.explainthewaytopreventairpollution

C.showtheworriesabouttheairpollution

D.recommendamethodtoavoidairpollution

54.

Somepeoplefearthatgenetic______maybecreatedbysuchaproject.

55.Thetopicoffatis______manyothertaboosubjects.

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

56.

Theauthor'stoneinthearticlecanbedescribedas______.

A.depressingB.urgentC.jokingD.mocking

57.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Agoodmarriagemeansgrowingasacouplebutalsogrowingasindividuals.Thisisn'teasy;marriagehasalwaysbeendifficult.Whythenareweseeingsomanydivorcesatthistime?Yes,ourmodernsocialfabricisthin,andyes,thepermissivenessofsocietyhascreatedunrealisticexpectationsandthrewthefamilyintodisorder.Butdivorceissocommonbecausepeopletodayareunwillingtoexercisetheself-disciplinethatmarriagerequires.Theyexpecteasyjoy,liketheentertainmentonTV,thethrillofagoodparty.

Marriagetakessomekindofsacrifice,notdreadfulself-sacrificeofthesoul,butsomelevelofcompromise.Someofone'sfantasies,someofone'slegitimatedesires,havetobegivenupforthevalueofthemarriageitself.."Whileallmartialpartnersfeelshackledattimes,itistheywhoreallychoosetomakethemartialtiesintoconfiningchainsorsupportingbends,"saysDr.Whtaker.Marriagerequiressexual,financialandemotionaldiscipline.Amanandawomancannotfolloweveryimpulse,cannotallowthemtostopgrowingorchanging.

Adivorceisnotanevilact.Sometimesitprovidessalvationforpeoplewhohavegrownhopelesslyapartorwerefrozeninpatternsofpain