第十周第二课时下七选五之结构逻辑策略

七选五解题策略之结构&逻辑授课教师：刘璇学校：中央民族大学附属中学高三英语海淀区高中学生在线学习课程逻辑关系02LogicalcohesionWithconjunctionsNoconjunctionscontext转折关系：but,however,yet,

instead,

instead

of,

otherwise等因果关系：so,

therefore,

thus,

consequently

as

a

result,because,

since,as等递进关系：besides,

moreover,

most

importantly,

inaddition,

furthermore,

what’s

more等并列关系：and,

also,then,

plus,

too,

not

only…butalso…等对比、比较关系：on

the

contrary,

in/by

contrast,oppositely,

in

comparison,

similarly等解释关系：for

example,

in

other

words,

that

is

(to

say),in

fact,

actually等2019石景山期末How

to

Treat

Hoarding

Disorder(囤积症)Stephanie

suffers

from

hoarding

disorder,

thought

to

affect

an

estimated

3.4

millionpeople

in

the

UK

to

some

degree.But,like

many,she

didn't

think

it

was

somethingdoctorswould

treat.47

Infact,hoardingisrecognizedasapsychiatricdisorder(精神疾病)by

the

World

Health

Organization.It

can

be

associated

with

other

mentalhealth

conditions

such

as

depression

and

social

anxiety,etc.Those

affected

people

willcollect

anything,such

as

clothes,newspapers,photos,even

printouts

of

emails.A.

So

she

didn’t

seek

any

help.C.

However,

it

can

be

successfully

treated

with

the

right

mix

of

treatment

methods.后文没有阐述如何treat,因此，C不正确。策略逻辑关系:因果(关联词)2.12013北京高考策略逻辑关系:因果(无关联词)2.1UrbanizationLarge

cities

were

impossible

until

agriculture

became

industrialized.

Even

in

advancedagricultural

societies.

It

took

about

ninety-five

people

on

farms

to

feed

five

people

incities.

_74

.

Until

modern

times,

those

living

in

cities

were

mainly

the

ruling

elite

andthe

servants,

laborers

and

professionals

who

served

them.

Cities

survived

by

taxingfarmers

and

were

limited

in

size

by

the

amount

of

surplus

food

that

the

rural

populationproduced

and

by

the

ability

to

move

this

surplus

from

farm

to

city.G.

Modern

cities

have

destroyed

social

relations

and

the

health

of

human

beings.√A.

That

kept

cities

very

small.B.

The

rest

live

in

small

towns.2019海淀二模Exam

AnxietySo

what

can

you

do

to

fight

against

the

negative

mindset

and

stay

calm

before

andduring

your

test?

49

Yes,this

seems

obvious,but

it’s

worth

repeating.

If

you

feelconfident

that

you’ve

prepared

thoroughly,you’ll

feel

more

confident

walking

into

thetest.The

second

tip

is

simple:

just

start.The

blank

page

can

maximize

your

anxiety.…Youcan

always

go

back

and

change

things

later

if

needed,but

a

few

quick

answers

can

getthe

ball

rolling.

Besides,allocating(分配)your

time

is

equally

important.Look

through

the

whole

test

before

getting

started.Mentally

allocate

how

much

time

you’ll

spend

oneach

section.

If

there’s

time

to

recheck,

even

better.G.

After

you

get

the

paper,

dive

right

in

by

getting

some

questions

done

to

build

up

yourconfidence.√A.

The

first

thing

you

should

do

is

to

be

prepared.策略逻辑关系:并列(表次序的关联词)2.2Start

with

why.

“Why

did

the

author

write

this

piece?”

is

the

key

question

asked

toidentify

author’s

purpose.

To

help

students

expand

their

understanding

of

“why,”

post2019西城一模various

types

of

nonfiction

(an

advertisement,

opinion

article,

news

article,

etc.)

aroundyour

classroom

and

have

students

quickly

identify

a

purpose

for

each.

47F.

Expand

students'

awareness

of

why

people

write

by

having

them

write

for

differentpurposes.G.

Or

keep

a

running

Author's

Purpose

board

with

a

list

of

the

various

reasons

thatauthors

write.E

划线部分与前一句重复策略逻辑关系:并列(关联词)2.22019西城二模Healthy

See,

Healthy

DoAdjoian

and

her

colleagues

wondered

if

such

findings

would

apply

to

their

city’scrowded

urban

checkout

areas,

so

they

selected

three

Bronx

supermarkets

for

their

ownstudy.

49

Then

they

recorded

purchases

over

six

three-hour

periods

in

each

store

fortwo

weeks.B.

They

bought

unhealthy

foods

40

percent

less

often.D.

The

supermarkets

began

to

offer

nutritious,

lower-calorie

foods.F.

They

replaced

candies

and

cookies

with

fruits

and

nuts

near

the

checkout

counter.策略逻辑关系:并列(主语一致)2.22019海淀二模Exam

AnxietyEveryone

feels

stressed

during

exams.

Usually,

it

results

from

a

fear

of

failure,

lack

ofadequate

preparation

time

and

bad

experiences

taking

tests

in

the

past.

This

is

normaland

often

helps

you

work

harder,

think

faster

and

generally

improve

your

performance.47

You

may

also

feel

that

other

people

are

managing

the

exam

better

than

you.

Thiscan

cause

you

to

feel

that

your

mind

has

“gone

blank”

on

information

you

know

youhave

revised.E.

Realizing

time

is

almost

up

and

that

there’s

still

a

lot

of

blank

space

will

make

youdesperate.your

work.策略逻辑关系:转折(关联词)√F.

However,

if

you

are

overly

anxious

about

the

result,

you

may

be

unable

to

focus

on2.32018朝阳二模Rich

and

FamousTwenty

years

ago

the

most

common

ambition

of

American

children

was

to

be

a

teacher,followed

by

working

in

banking

and

finance,

and

then

medicine.

But

today’s

situation

isquitedifferent.

51

Instead

they

most

commonly

say

they

want

to

be

a

sports

star,a

pop

star,or

an

actor—in

other

words,they

hope

to e

a

celebrity(名人).B.

In

many

ways

this

has

been

brought

about

by

the

celebrity

culture.B

和空前一句也许构成因果关系，但是和空后无转折关系，所以错。√A.The

younger

generation

don’t

favor

these

professions

any

more.策略逻辑关系:转折(关联词)2.32019昌平期末What

is

mental

health?Research

shows

that

high

levels

of

mental

health

are

associated

with

increasedlearning,creativityandproductivity.

49

In

contrast,

mental

health

conditions

cancause

distress

and

bad

effect

on

relationships.

They

are

also

related

to

poor

physicalhealth

and

death

from

suicide.G先于in

contrast开始转折，而后in

contrast

再表示对比，使in

contrast显得多余，因此错。√E.

They

can

also

improve

social

relationships

and

physical

health.G.

But

it’s

important

to

remember

that

mental

health

is

complex.策略逻辑关系:对比(关联词)2.42011北京高考of

arranging

the

ideas

you

already

have.

73

D．It

has

often

been

said

that

there

are

few

new

ideas

in

the

world,

only

reorganizedideas.Public

Speaking

and

Critical

ThinkingWhile

this

may

seem

like

a

purely

mechanical（机械的）exercise,

it

is

closely

connectedwith

critical

thinking.

If

the

structure

of

your

speech

is

loose

and

confused,chances

arethat

your

thinking

is

also

disordered

and

confused.If,on

the

other

hand,the

structure

isclear,there

is

a

good

chance

your

thinking

is

too.Organizing

a

speech

is

not

just

a

matter√A．Rather,

it

is

an

important

part

of

shaping

the

ideas

themselves.策略逻辑关系:对比(前否后肯)2.4Every

animal

sleeps,

but

the

reason

for

this

has

remained

foggy.

When

lab

rats

arenot

allowed

to

sleep,

they

die

within

a

month.

712017北京高考√C.

Similarly,

when

people

go

for

a

few

days

without

sleeping,

they

get

sick.G.

Tononi’s

team

measured

the

size

of

these

connections,

or

synapses,

in

the

brains

of12

mice.G

测量需要结果或者下一步行为，放在空白处话没说完。策略逻辑关系:比较(关联词)2.4Charisma54

For

example,

if

you

stand

up

straight

and

raise

your

chest,

you

are

more

likely

to

feelconfident

and

inspire

others

to

feel

confidence

in

you.

Another

expert

says

that

the

mostcharismatic

people

are

usually

good

listeners.

They

give

others

the

impression

of

beingfocused

and

modest.2018朝阳一模B.

Today

there

is

growing

evidence

that

charisma

can

be

learned.C.

Charismatic

persons

should

be

active

and

sensitive

to

their

surroundings.B

列举的例子里不涉及学习。C讲的是有魅力的人本身该积极主动和灵活，不涉及身体形态产生的影响，所以C和后文没有例证关系。√A.

This

type

of

physical

presence

can

be

used

to

great

effect.策略逻辑关系:解释(关联词)2.52013北京高考UrbanizationOver

the

past

two

centuries,

the

Industrial

Revolution

has

broken

this

balancebetween

the

city

and

the

country

75_

Today,insteadof

needingninety-fivefarmersto

feed

five

city

people,

one

American

farmer

is

able

to

feed

more

than

a

hundred

non-farmers.C.

The

effects

of

urban

living

on

people

should

be

considered.F.

Modernization

drew

people

to

the

cities

and

made

farmers

more

productive.G.

Modern

cities

have

destroyed

social

relations

and

the

health

of

human

beings.空前出现了城市和乡村两个概念，而G只出现了城市；C城市居住对于人的影响，跟下文多少乡村人养活多少城市人没关系。√策略逻辑关系:解释(无关联词)2.52019朝阳一模Can

We

Stop

Food

Longing

Through

Imaginary

Eating?The

research

is

the

first

to

show

that

habituation

can

occur

through

the

power

of

themind.

“If

you

just

think

about

the

food

itself—how

it

tastes

and

smells—that

willincrease

your

appetite,”

said

Carey

Morewedge,

a

well-known

psychologist.

“It

might

bebetter

to

force

yourself

to

repeatedly

think

about

chewing

and

swallowing

the

food

inorder

to

reduce

your

longing.

47

Visualizing

yourself

eating

chocolate

wouldn’t

prevent

you

from

eatinglots

of

cheese,”

he

added.B.

It

meant

those

who

repeatedly

imagined

eating

would

concern

about

some

specificfood.B

meant是解释说明上文，而add是补充说明上文，不是一种关系。√A.What’s

more,

this

only

works

with

the

specific

food

you’ve

imagined.策略逻辑关系:递进(关联词)2.6A

Wonder

PlantBamboo

is

a

wonder

plant.

Its

ecological

role

extends

beyond

providing

food

andhabitat

for

animals.

Bamboo

tends

to

grow

in

stands

made

up

of

groups

of

individualplants

that

grow

from

root

systems.

Its

extensive

root

systems

are

crucial

in

preventingwater

loss

and

soil

erosion.

53

In

India

25%

of

paper

produced

is

made

from

bamboofiber,

and

in

Brazil,

100,000

hectares

of

bamboo

are

grown