2020高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅡTheLanguagePointsofRead

Section

Ⅱ

TheLanguagePointsofReading

（第

2课时）课时作业

(二)[基础题

]Ⅰ单词拼写1．Thebigprojecthascostalmostasmuchasone________(答案：billion

十亿)dollars.2．Acrossthe________(地球),sealevelvariesbyhundredsoffeet.答案：globe3．This________(理论)ishelpfultoexplainhowtheuniversebegan.答案：theory4．________(不像)whatyousupposed,onlyfewpeopleattendedhisbirthdayparty.答案：Unlike5．Thelittleboyisinterestedin________(答案：astronomy

天文学

)．6．Peoplesufferingfromhungerstille________inmanypartsoftheworldtoday.答案：exist7．Twopeoplehavebeenkilledinthev________incidentonMarch2nd.答案：violent8．Smokingish________tohealth,buttherearestillmanypeoplepickingitup.答案：harmful9．Somepeoplearestillp________abouthowthecomputerworks.答案：puzzled10．Thenewownershavetriedtogivetherestaurantamorefamily-friendlya________.答案：atmosphereⅡ选词填空givebirthto,allow...to,befundamentalto,cooldown,prevent...from,layeggs,dependon,intime,nowthat,existin1．Thewarmweatherherepermitsthebirdsto________allyearround.答案：layeggs2．Can'tyou________yourson________gettingintotrouble?答案：prevent;from3．Janehasjust________twins,sohermother

mustbeinthe

hospital

lookingafterhernow.答案：givenbirthto4．Choosingtherightbike________whatyouwanttouseitfor.答案：dependson5．IttookCharlesalongtimeto________aftertheargument.答案：cooldown6．Sheonly________thechildren________watchtelevisionontheweekend.答案：allows;to7．Honesty________humanbeings.答案：isfundamentalto8．Theproblemonly________yourhead,Tom.答案：existsin9．________weknoweachotheralittlebetter,wegetalongfine.答案：Nowthat10．Workhardatyourlessons,andyouaresuretomakeprogress________.答案：intimeⅢ单句语法填空1．Thenewrulesmake________possibleforpeopleheretohaveapeacefulenvironment.答案：it2．Thefestivalofthisyearbeforewhenitrainednon-stop.答案：unlike3．PeopleofChitianCounty,from________(hurt)bythetsunami(

hasbeenagreatsuccess,________(like)theyearJapan,hadbeenalwaystryinghardtokeepthemselves海啸),butunfortunatelyithappened.答案：beinghurt4．Theworkerearnedlittlemoneyamonth,sohehadtoexist________onlyinstantnoodles.答案：on5．Itiswrongtosellproductsthatareharmful________people.答案：to6．Inordertobereceived________timeforChristmas,allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately.答案：inⅣ单句改错1．Nothingcouldpreventhimfromgoouteventhoughit'srainingcatsanddogs.__________________________________________________________________答案：go→going2．Itdoesn'tmatterthatfoodiseatenraworcooked.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→whether3．Shegavebirthacutebabyyesterday.__________________________________________________________________答案：birth后加to4．Itisknownthat2multiplyingby4makes8.__________________________________________________________________答案：multiplying→multiplied5．Thereisnoharmintakeexerciseafterdinner.__________________________________________________________________答案：take→taking[能力题]阅读理解A“WhenIwasachild,spacewasallIdreamtandtalkedabout.Myparentsitwasjustaphase,butasIgrewupIbecamegreatlyinterestedinscience.doubtedthatonedayI'dbeanastronaut.”Asanadult,AnoushehAnsarileftherhomecountryIran,settledintheUSAandstartedacompany.Thecompanywasso

thoughtIneversuccessfulthatcrossed

thatshewasfinallyabletosellitmymindwasthatmylife'sgoal

might

for$750million.“ThefirstthingnowbewithinreachandIsignedupP1tobecomethefirstfemale(

女性的)privatespaceexploreratacostofaround$20million.”AnoushehsetoffonSeptember18thalongwithtwoastronauts.Onthespacestation,eachmemberofaspacecrew，touristornot,isexpectedtocarryoutW1importantexperimentsonboardP2.ForAnousheh,thismeantworkingonlowerbackpainsinastronautsandstudyingtinylifeformsthatcancarrydiseasesonboardthestation.Manypeoplemighthaveconsideredthis“workingholiday”bad,butAnoushehlovedit.Anoushehfacedmanydifficultiesonboard.Towashherhair,forexample,shehadtoputwateroverherhead;however,littlebitsofwaterwouldfloataway.“Theguyslikedtomakefunofme.They'daskmetopassthebreadandwhenIhandedittothem,ratherthanfloatingit,they'dsayI'dtakenallthefunoutofit.Afterawhile,Igotusedtoallthis,though,andIfeltsoathomethatintheenditwashardtogobacktonormality.”W2Anoushehisproudtobethefirstfemalespacetouristandwantstoencouragewomenallovertheworld.However,shedoesn'tlikethetitle“spacetourist”．“IthinkifmyexperienceistobecomparedtoanexperimentoranexperienceonEarth,itisprobablyclosertoanadventuretoAntarcticaorclimbingMountQomolangma，”sheexplains.1．AsAnoushehwasgrowingup,________.A．shedidn'tthinkshewouldeverbecomeanastronautB．herinterestinspacewasn'texpectedtolastC．shedisagreedwithherparents'plansD．otherstriedtodiscourageherdreams答案：B

推理判断题。依据第一段前两句可推断，

Anousheh关于太空的热爱在父亲母亲看来不过一时脑筋发热，不会连续太长时间。2．Thespacecrewmembers________.A．oftencarrydiseasesontothespacestationB．cansufferfromachesandpainsC．musthaveastrongbackgroundinscienceD．havelittletimetorelax答案：B细节理解题。依据第二段第三句中的“workingonlowerbackpainsinastronauts”可知，太空机构成员可能遭到痛苦之苦。3．Onthespacestation,________.A．AnoushehdidalotofpracticeonbreadB．itseemedimpossibleforAnoushehtowashwithwaterC．AnoushehlikedplayinggameswiththeotherastronautsD．ittookAnoushehsometimetogetfamiliarwiththeconditions答案：D细节理解题。依据第三段尾句可知，Anousheh在太空站过一段时间后才慢慢适应了那边的环境。4．InAnousheh'sopinion，herexperienceasaspacetourist________.A．willgiveotherwomenthecouragetoexplorespaceB．cannotbecomparedtoanyexperienceonEarthC．turnedouttobeadangerousexperimentD．wasnotasgoodasshehoped答案：A细节理解题。依据最后一段首句可知，Anousheh想借自己的太空旅游经历鼓励更多的女性去探究太空。W要点单词1．crew

n.

全体机组人员2．normality

n.

正常状态P要点短语1．signup

报名2．onboard

在船(火车、飞机、宇宙飞船

)上the

TheMarsappearssummer,scientists

tobeflowingwithreportedMonday.

Bsmallstreamsofsaltywater,at“Itsuggeststhatitwould

leastinbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayontheMars，”NASA'sscience

mission

chief,

JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid.“Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater，”saidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.BecauseliquidwaterisessentialtoP1life,thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsWforthepossibilityofMartianlife.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingontheMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdark,narrowstreaks(条痕)onthesurfacethattendtoP2appearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.TheMarsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.Thesource(源泉)ofthewaterisamystery.Scientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingice.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquifer,whichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.ItispossiblywatervaporfromthethinMartianatmosphere.OritmaybeacombinationMichaelMeyer,leadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogram,saidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeonMarsistocollectrocksandsoilforanalysisonEarth—somethingaUSlandersetforlift-offin2020willdo.5．AccordingtoJohnGrunsfeld,thereseemstobe________ontheMars.A．saltywaterB．standingwaterC．rocketfuelD．humanbeings答案：A

细节理解题。依据第一段中的“TheMarsappears

tobeflowing

withsmallstreamsofsaltywat