2021届陕西省渭南市临渭区高三一模英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页临渭区2021届高三第一次质量检测英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟;2.答卷前，考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号;3.本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰;4.考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whoisthewomanspeakingto?A.Herlandlord.B.Herfriend.C.Herhusband.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anactor.B.Agame.C.ATVseries.3.WhendoesEmilyhaveart?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.4.Whatwillthewomanprobablydotonight?A.Watchafilm.B.Dosomereading.C.Playacardgame.5.WhichsubjectdoesJennetlikebest?A.English.B.Science.C.History.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whywillthewomangototheflowershop?A.Togetfreshflowers.B.Toapplyforajob.C.Tomeetafriend.7.Howwillthewomangettoflowershop?A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bytaxi.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Intheoffice.B.Inthehospital.C.Overthephone.9.WhatdoesMollyaskMiketodo?A.Putoffanappointment.B.Meetabusinesspartner.C.Takeoveranewproject.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.HowmanybabiesdidTinagivebirthto?A.2.B.3.C.4.11.Whodidthemangetthenewsfrom?A.Adoctor.B.Tina’ssister.C.Tina’shusband.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Colleagues.C.Neighbors.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Sheisanathlete.B.Sheisacoach.C.Sheisahostess.14.WhatsportdidKarllikebestbeforeskating?A.Horsingriding.B.Swimming.C.Playingtennis.15.HowdoesKarlfeelaboutbeingajudge?A.Proud.B.Curious.C.Nervous.16.WhatcantheplayerschooseintheTVshowIceChampions?A.Thepartner.B.Themusic.C.Themoves.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whenwilltheexhibitionend?A.OnOctober3rd.B.OnOctober7th.C.OnOctober9th.18.Whyisthewholeexhibitionareafloodedwithwater?A.Tomakevisitorsconcernaboutrisingsealevels.B.Toshowhowtheiceisdisappearing.C.Totrytomakefunforvisitors.19.Whatcanyouseeonthewallsoftheexhibitionhall?A.PhotosofthesceneryoftheArctic.B.Introductionstotheexhibition.C.Postersaboutglobalwarming.20.Whatarepeopleencouragedtodooncomputers?A.E-mailtheirfriends.B.Searchforinformation.C.Askscientistsquestions.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ATeenagerslovetosocialize,andthesewebsitesgivethemachancetodothatwhileplayinggames,exploringvirtual(虚拟的)worldsandtakingquizzes.InstagramInstagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemwithfiends.Ithasaround300millionuserswhoareactiveeachmonth.Theplatformisallaboutphotoswithshortcaptions(说明文字).WhenitcomestoInstagram’susers,53percentofthemareaged18-29,butabigpercentageofthosemaybeevenyoungerandsimplylisttheirageas18inordertousetheplatform.HabboHotelHabboHotelisaplaceforteenstochat.Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecoratewithvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatars(网络头像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.Theroommighthavemusic,besetuplikeaclassroom,orhaveotherfeatures,sodifferentavatarscanvisitoneanother.FanlalaFanlalaisasocialnetworkthatgivesteenswholovecelebrities,musicandTVshowsaplacetointeract.Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzesandpollstotesttheirknowledge.TeenscansetuptheirownprofileonFanlalaandinteractwithotherusers.TeenChatTeenChatisaplaceforteenstointeractwithoneanotherthroughforums(论坛)accordingtotheirinterests.Forexample,therearechatroomsforthosewholoveanime(动漫)andforthosewho’vejuststartedcollege.Therearealsochatroomsforthingslikemusic,games,andsports.1.WhatmakesInstagramdifferentfromothersitesaccordingtothetext?A.It’savirtualsite. B.It’saplacetosharepictures.C.Ithasthemostteens. D.Ithasover300millionusers.2.Wherecanusersbeautifytheirvirtualrooms?A.Inananime. B.InaTVshow. C.AtHabboHotel. D.AtTeenChat.3.Accordingtothetext,Fanlalaisagoodoptionforthoseinterestedin__________.A.sports B.onlinegames C.animevideos D.entertainmentnews【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以社交的网站。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Instagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemwithfiends.(Instagram允许青少年上传他们日常生活的照片，并与朋友分享)”可知，Instagram与其他网站的区别是它是一个分享图片的地方。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecoratewithvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatars(网络头像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.Theroommighthavemusic,besetuplikeaclassroom,orhaveotherfeatures,sodifferentavatarscanvisitoneanother.(每个青少年都会得到一个用虚拟物品装饰的私人房间。他们还可以给自己的虚拟角色穿上虚拟服装，或者创建游戏与朋友一起玩。这个房间可以有音乐，可以像教室一样设置，或者有其他功能，这样不同的虚拟角色就可以互相访问)”可知，用户可以在HabboHotel美化他们的虚拟房间。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzesandpollstotesttheirknowledge.(通过它，用户可以获得他们喜欢的节目的最新消息和八卦，还可以进行测验和投票来测试他们的知识)”可知，Fanlala对于那些对娱乐新闻感兴趣的人来说是一个不错的选择。故选D。BIwasneveraddictedtoskydiving,butIdefinitelyenjoyedit.ImademyfirstskydivingwhenIwas19.IwasoneofaselectedfewwhogotachancetoattendtheUSAirForceAcademy’sFreefallschool,aprogramthattaughtmostlyAirForceAcademycadetshowtojumpoutofplanes.Itwasn’tintendedtomakeusoperationalparatroopers(伞兵),buttoteachusaboutaccomplishingtasksinhigh-stresssituations.Andthistrainingprogramwastheonlyonethatallowedjumperstoperformfreefallskydivingandpulltheirownripcords(开伞索)withoutatrainedinstructorjumpingalongsideofthem.WhenIreturnedtoColumbusformycollegestudy,Iproudlyworemyparachutistbadge(伞兵徽章).Aboutamonthlater,Imademyfirstprivateskydivingandtherestwashistory.Ijumpedmoreandmore,onlypayingforthejumpsandnecessarytrainingwhenIhadthefundstodoit.Eventually,Ihadmade10skydiving,andthenitwas20,andIfoundthatIwasmakingjumpsatdifferentdropzones.Ievenboughtmyownparachutesystem.Ikeptjumpingduringmysenioryear.ThelastjumpImade,however,wasinthefallof2006whenIwasinCleveland.MynewjobneededmetoworksixdaysaweekandIjustdidn’thavetimetoskydiveregularly.WhenImovedtotheDCarea,Isufferedfromherniateddisk(椎间盘突出)andIknewIwouldneverjumpoutofaplaneagain.Myskydivingcareerendedwith55jumps,withmorethan40minutesoffreefalltime.Imetgreatpeoplealongthewayanddidsomeprettycrazyjumps.I’llneverforgetmeetingAdamAbelow,theheadoftheskydivingclub,whogavemearidetogetmyfirstjump,andJenWhite,whocoachedmeonmanyofmyjumps.I’llneverforgetgettingmylicenseandthetimewhenmygrandparentscametowatchmejump.4.WhydidtheauthorchoosetheprogramattheUSAirForceAcademy’sFreefallschool?A.Togetabadgeofhonor.B.Tobeadmittedbytheschool.C.Topreparetobearealparatrooper.D.Tolearntocompletetasksunderhighpressure.5.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraphs2to4?A.Hiscolorfulcollegelife. B.Hisexperienceofskydiving.C.Hisachievementsinskydiving. D.Thedevelopmentofskydiving.6.Whatmadetheauthorgiveupskydiving?A.Hisbusyschedule. B.Hisdemandingwork.C.Hisphysicalcondition. D.Hisfailuretoraisemoney.7.Inwritingthelastparagraph,theauthoraimsto__________.A.presenthisviewsaboutskydiving B.reflectonhispastexperiencesC.showhisloveforskydiving D.expresshisappreciation【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述为了学会在高压下完成任务，作者参加美国空军学院自由落体学校，成为了伞兵，期间作者完成了很多次跳伞，但是由于身体状况，作者不得已放弃了跳伞。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“IwasoneofaselectedfewwhogotachancetoattendtheUSAirForceAcademy’sFreefallschool,aprogramthattaughtmostlyAirForceAcademycadetshowtojumpoutofplanes.Itwasn’tintendedtomakeusoperationalparatroopers(伞兵),buttoteachusaboutaccomplishingtasksinhigh-stresssituations.(我是少数几个有机会进入美国空军学院自由落体学校的人之一，该学校主要教授空军学院学员如何从飞机上跳下。这并不是为了让我们成为可操作的伞兵，而是为了教会我们如何在高度紧张的情况下完成任务。)”可知，作者选择参加美国空军学院自由落体学校的这一项目是为了学会在高压下完成任务。故选D。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“WhenIreturnedtoColumbusformycollegestudy,Iproudlyworemyparachutistbadge(伞兵徽章).Aboutamonthlater,Imademyfirstprivateskydivingandtherestwashistory.(当我回到哥伦布上大学时，我骄傲地穿上了我的美国伞兵徽章。大约一个月后，我完成了我的第一次私人跳伞，其余的都成了历史。)”，第三段中“Eventually,Ihadmade10skydiving,andthenitwas20,andIfoundthatIwasmakingjumpsatdifferentdropzones.(最终，我做了10次跳伞，然后是20次，我发现我在不同的跳伞区域跳伞。)”和第四段中“Ikeptjumpingduringmysenioryear.ThelastjumpImade,however,wasinthefallof2006whenIwasinCleveland.(我高三的时候一直在跳伞。然而，我最后一次跳伞是在2006年秋天，当时我在克利夫兰。)”可知，作者在第2至4段是在告诉我们他的跳伞经历，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“WhenImovedtotheDCarea,Isufferedfromherniateddisk(椎间盘突出)andIknewIwouldneverjumpoutofaplaneagain.(当我搬到华盛顿特区时，我患上了椎间盘突出症，我知道我再也不会从飞机上跳下来了。)”可知，作者患上了椎间盘突出症，不能再跳伞了，即他的身体状况使他放弃了跳伞，故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Imetgreatpeoplealongthewayanddidsomeprettycrazyjumps.I’llneverforgetmeetingAdamAbelow,theheadoftheskydivingclub,whogavemearidetogetmyfirstjump,andJenWhite,whocoachedmeonmanyofmyjumps.I’llneverforgetgettingmylicenseandthetimewhenmygrandparentscametowatchmejump.(我一路上遇到了很多好人，做了一些很疯狂的跳跃。我永远不会忘记跳伞俱乐部的负责人AdamAbelow，他载我去做了我的第一次跳伞，还有JenWhite，她在我的许多次跳伞中都是我的教练。我永远不会忘记我拿到驾照的情景，还有我祖父母来看我跳伞的情景。)”可推知，作者在最后一段意在表达感激之情，故选D。CAbabysmilesandlaughs.Youalsosmileandlaugh.Thebabypounds(敲打)histinyfistonthetable.Youmirrorhisaction,lightlypoundingyourback.Thisimitationgamecomesnaturally.It’sasimplewayforparentstohavefunwiththeirbabies.Andnewresearchshowsthatbabiesnotonlyrealizethatadultsareimitatingthem,buttheyalsoseemtoenjoyit.Forthestudy,someresearchersfromLundUniversityinSwedenmet6-month-oldbabiesintheirhomesandplayedwiththem.Theyeitherimitatedeverythingthebabiesdidinmirror-likefashion,orimitatedtheactionswithoutanyexpressionsontheirface,orrespondedwithadifferentactionwhenthebabiesacted.Inthestudy,thebabieslookedandsmiledlongerandtriedtoapproachtheadultmoreoftenwhentheiractionswerebeingmostcloselymirrored.“Imitatingyoungbabiesseemstobeaneffectivewaytoattracttheirinterestandbuildrelationshipswiththem,”leadauthorSauciucsaidinastatement.Whilethebabieswereplayingwiththeresearchers,theyalsoshowedsometestingbehavior.Forexample,ifthebabyhitthetablejustonceandtheresearcherimitatedtheaction,thenthebabywouldhitthetableseveraltimes,carefullywatchingtheresearcherforaresponse.Whentheresearchershowednoemotions(情绪)whileimitatingthebaby,thebabiesstillseemedtorecognizethattheywerebeingimitatedandtheyrespondedwithtestingbehaviortotheresearcher.“Thiswasquiteinteresting.Whensomeoneactivelyteststhepersonwhoisimitatingthem,theimitatedindividualusuallyrealizesthatthereisalinkbetweentheirownbehaviorandthebehavioroftheother,”Sauciucsaid.TheresultswerepublishedinPLOSOne.Scientistshaveguessedthatimitationiskeyforbabiesabouthowtogetonwithothers,andthatsharingactionsislinkedwithsharingfeelings.Butthereisn’talotofresearchtobackupthosetheories.“Byshowingthat6-month-oldbabiesrecognizewhenthey’rebeingimitated,andthatimitationhasapositiveeffectoncommunication,webegintofillthisgap(空缺),”Sauciucadded.8.Whatdidtheresearchersdoduringthestudy?A.Theyshowedsometestingbehaviortothebabies.B.Theyobservedhowthebabiesbehavedinthelab.C.Theyplayedwiththebabiesindifferentways.D.Theymadethebabiesimitatesomebehavior.9.Accordingtothestudy,byimitatingtheirbabies,parentscan__________.A.improvetheirbabies’communicationskillsB.amusetheirbabiesbycatchingtheirattentionC.helptheirbabiesacquiretheabilitytoobserveD.developtheirbabies’interestinplayinggames10.WhatisPLOSOneprobablyinParagraph5?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ascientificjournal.C.Anentertainmentmagazine. D.Atravelbrochure.11.WhatisSauciucmainlytalkingaboutinthelastparagraph?A.Thefutureresearchdirection. B.Theproblemswiththestudy.C.Thenewfindingsofthestudy. D.Thepracticalvalueofthestudy.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究，研究表明六个月大的婴儿可以意识到自己的行为正在被模仿，模仿婴儿是吸引他们兴趣并与他们建立关系的有效方法之一。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Forthestudy,someresearchersfromLundUniversityinSwedenmet6-month-oldbabiesintheirhomesandplayedwiththem.Theyeitherimitatedeverythingthebabiesdidinmirror-likefashion,orimitatedtheactionswithoutanyexpressionsontheirface,orrespondedwithadifferentactionwhenthebabiesacted.(在这项研究中，瑞典隆德大学的一些研究人员在他们的家中会见了6个月大的婴儿，并与他们一起玩耍。它们要么像镜子一样模仿婴儿所做的一切，要么不带任何表情地模仿婴儿的动作，要么在婴儿行动时做出不同的反应。)”可知，在研究中研究人员用不同方式和婴儿玩耍。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Imitatingyoungbabiesseemstobeaneffectivewaytoattracttheirinterestandbuildrelationshipswiththem.(模仿婴儿似乎是吸引他们兴趣并与他们建立关系的有效方法。)”可知，通过模仿婴儿，父母能够提升婴儿的沟通技能。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Whensomeoneactivelyteststhepersonwhoisimitatingthem,theimitatedindividualusuallyrealizesthatthereisalinkbetweentheirownbehaviorandthebehavioroftheother.TheresultswerepublishedinPLOSOne.(当有人主动测试模仿他们的人时，被模仿的人通常会意识到他们自己的行为和他人的行为之间存在联系。研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》上。)”可知，PLOSOne可能是一份科学杂志。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Byshowingthat6-month-oldbabiesrecognizewhenthey’rebeingimitated,andthatimitationhasapositiveeffectoncommunication,webegintofillthisgap(空缺).(“通过证明6个月大的婴儿能认出别人在模仿他们，而且模仿对交流有积极的影响，我们开始填补这一空白。)”可知，最后一段中Sauciuc主要谈论的是他们未来研究的方向。故选A项。DAccordingtoastudypublishedrecentlyintheJournalScience,scientistshavefoundawaytohacktheplant’sgenestohelpmakeitusesunlightmorequickly,whichcouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworldoneday.Plantsusesunlight,waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistsfindplantsuselessthan1%oftheenergyavailabletothem.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes,scientistsareabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14%and20%.Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivated(激活)whenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight,saidscientistKrishnaNiyogi.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.StephenLongistheleadauthorofthestudy.Hecomparedaplant’sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenweweartheglassesoutsideduringtheday,lenses(镜头)darkenorlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.Thenewstudyspeedsuptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant’sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthintwoplantsincreasedby20%,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14%.“Nowthatweknowitworksitwon’tbetoodifficulttodoitwithothercrops,”saidLong.“Ifyoulookatcropsaroundtheworld,”hesaid,“itwouldincreaseyieldmanymilliontonsoffood.”Itwillbeatleast15yearsbeforescientistscanadjustcropsonalargescale,Longsays.Buthebelievesthestudyisabreakthrough.12.Theclosestmeaningoftheunderlinedword“hacking”inParagraph2is“__________”.A.creating B.changing C.feeding D.covering13.Whatwillhappentoaplantexposedtotoomuchsunlight?A.Slowingdownitsleavesgrowth. B.Foldingupitsleaves.C.Turningonitsprotectivesystem. D.Stoppingtakinginenergy.14.Howdoesplant’sprotectivesystemworkaccordingtoLong?A.Bytimingtheexposuretodaylight. B.Byadjustingsunlightplantsreceive.C.Bybeingpositionedunderpropershades. D.Byswitchingbetweenstrongandweaklights.15.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GenesofCrops’Productivity B.SecretsofPlants’ProtectiveSystemC.HackingGenestoHarvestMoreCrops D.HelpingPlantsAbsorbLightforLargerLeaves【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，科学家们已经找到了一种方法来破解植物的基因，帮助它更快地利用阳光，这可能会增加世界各地的粮食产量。文章主要解释了研究背后的原理以及取得的成果。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“scientistsareabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14%and20%”可知，科学家们能够使植物的叶片生长量增加14%到20%，说明改变了植物的基因。故划线词意思是“改变”。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivated(激活)whenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight,saidscientistKrishnaNiyogi.(具体来说，科学家们入侵了植物的保护系统。科学家KrishnaNiyogi说，通常情况下，当植物受到过多的阳光照射时，这个系统就会被激活)”可知，植物暴露在太多的阳光下会开启保护系统。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“StephenLongistheleadauthorofthestudy.Hecomparedaplant’sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenweweartheglassesoutsideduringtheday,lenses(镜头)darkenorlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.(StephenLong是这项研究的主要作者。他把植物的保护系统比作调光眼镜。当我们白天在外面戴眼镜时，镜片会根据阳光的强弱而变暗或变亮。植物也是如此。但在植物中，这种调整可能需要10分钟到一个小时不等。这使得植物很难获得创造食物所需的适量阳光)”以及倒数第二段“Thenewstudyspeedsuptheprocess.(新的研究加速了这一过程)”可知，根据朗的说法，植物的保护系统通过调节植物接收的阳光来工作。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AccordingtoastudypublishedrecentlyintheJournalScience,scientistshavefoundawaytohacktheplant’sgenestohelpmakeitusesunlightmorequickly,whichcouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworldoneday.(根据最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，科学家们已经找到了一种方法来破解植物的基因，帮助它更快地利用阳光，这可能会增加世界各地的粮食产量)”结合文章主要解释了研究背后的原理以及取得的成果。可知，C选项“破解基因以收获更多作物”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Chinahasahistoryofmorethanfourthousandyears,andtheChinesepeoplehaveestablishedacolorfulculture.____16____MostforeigntravelerstoChinaaredeeplyimpressedbyitsfood.HereisageneralintroductiontoChinesecuisineandcookingculture.____17____Chinesechefstrytomakedishesbeautifulbycoordinatingtheircolors.Somedishesareplainwhileotherscanbeverybright.AtableofChinesefoodlooksverycolorfulandattractive.Fragrance,thewayChinesefoodsmells,isveryimportant.Chefsusetheingredientsofadish,aswellasherbs,tomakefoodsmellgood.____18____DifferentmethodsareadoptedtomakeChinesefooddelicious,whichgivesthetonguealotofsatisfaction.Ingredients——varietiesofmaterialchoicesallowChinesefoodtoprovidemanypossibilitiesforChinesechefstobemorecreative.____19____TheChinesealsousepoultry,eggsandmilk.Poultryincludeschicken,duck,goose,turkey,pigeon,quail,andpheasant.Seafoodandfreshwaterfish-hairtail,salmon,squad,seacucumber,oyster,blackcarp,catfish,grasscarp,variegatedcarp,shrimp,prawn,crab,andturtle-arealsousedinChinesefood.Driedvegetablesarealsocooked,suchaseggplant,bean,turnip,potatoandpepper.DriedporkanddriedfisharealsooftenusedinChinesecooking.Dryingvegetablesisawaytostoreproducetouseinwinter.____20____InthenorthofChina,peoplealsopreservevegetablesinsaltywatertopickle(腌制)them.Picklingoffersaspecialtaste,inadditiontothatofdriedvegetables.A.Chinesecuisineisanecessarypartofit.B.Chinesedishesalwayslookverybeautiful.C.ButtasteisthemostdistinctcharacteristicofChinesefood.DDriedmeatisaveryimportantingredientofChinesecuisine.E.Moreimportantly,ithasaspecialtastedifferentfromfreshvegetables.F.Theseincludevariousgrains,vegetablesandthemeatofdifferentanimals.G.Chinesecuisineemphasizesthecombinationofcolor,fragranceandtasteinitsfood.【答案】16.A17.G18.C19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了中国烹饪和烹饪文化。【16题详解】根据前文“Chinahasahistoryofmorethanfourthousandyears,andtheChinesepeoplehaveestablishedacolorfulculture.(中国有四千多年的历史，中国人民建立了丰富多彩的文化)”以及后文“MostforeigntravelerstoChinaaredeeplyimpressedbyitsfood.(大多数来中国旅游的外国游客都对中国的食物印象深刻)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，由中国文化过渡到饮食上，所以A项“Chinesecuisineisanecessarypartofit.(中国菜是必不可少的一部分)”符合文意。故选A项。【17题详解】分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Chinesechefstrytomakedishesbeautifulbycoordinatingtheircolors.Somedishesareplainwhileotherscanbeverybright.AtableofChinesefoodlooksverycolorfulandattractive.Fragrance,thewayChinesefoodsmells,isveryimportant.(中国厨师试图通过协调菜肴的颜色来使菜肴变得美丽。有些菜很平淡，而有些菜则非常明亮。一桌中国菜看起来色彩斑斓，诱人。香味，中国食物的味道，是非常重要的)”可知，本段主要讲述了中国菜，注重色，香，味，所以G项“Chinesecuisineemphasizesthecombinationofcolor,fragranceandtasteinitsfood.(中国菜讲究食物的色、香、味的结合)”符合文意。故选G项。【18题详解】根据前文“Chefsusetheingredientsofadish,aswellasherbs,tomakefoodsmellgood.(厨师用菜的原料和香草使食物闻起来很香)”和后文“DifferentmethodsareadoptedtomakeChinesefooddelicious,whichgivesthetonguealotofsatisfaction.(人们采用不同的方法来制作美味的中餐，这给了舌头很大的满足感)”可知，空处应填过渡句，由香味过渡到味道，所以C项“ButtasteisthemostdistinctcharacteristicofChinesefood.(但味道是中餐最显著的特点)”符合文意。故选C项。【19题详解】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据前文“Ingredients——varietiesofmaterialchoicesallowChinesefoodtoprovidemanypossibilitiesforChinesechefstobemorecreative.(食材——多样的材料选择让中餐提供了许多可能性，让中国厨师更有创意)”推知，空处应是对本句进一步说明，所以C项“ButtasteisthemostdistinctcharacteristicofChinesefood.(这些食物包括各种谷物、蔬菜和不同动物的肉)”符合文意。故选C项。【20题详解】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Driedvegetablesarealsocooked,suchaseggplant,bean,turnip,potatoandpepper.DriedporkanddriedfisharealsooftenusedinChinesecooking.Dryingvegetablesisawaytostoreproducetouseinwinter.(脱水菜也可以煮，如茄子、豆角、萝卜、土豆和辣椒。干猪肉和干鱼也经常用于中国烹饪。脱水蔬菜是一种储存农产品以备冬季使用的方法)”可知，空处应对这种脱水蔬菜进行说明。E项“Moreimportantly,ithasaspecialtastedifferentfromfreshvegetables.(更重要的是，它有一种不同于新鲜蔬菜的特殊味道)”符合文意。故选E项。第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。In2015,AmyGenzlingerhadasuccessfulheartsurgery(手术).____21____,shelosthervoiceintheprocess.Evenworse,doctorscouldn’ttellherwhenorifhervoicewould____22____.“Atfirst,Iwasvery____23____,butsoonIdecidedtoacceptitsinceIcouldn’tchangeit,”shesays.To____24____feelingsofpain,Amybeganmakingcollages(拼贴画)outof____25____phrasesandimagescutfrommagazinesandphotographs.“TheybecamemywaytoexpresswhatIwas____26____,”shesays.“Notonlytheloss,disappointmentandanger,butalsomy____27____thatsomehowthiswasgoingtoworkout.”Afterseveralmonths,Amy____28____herhusband,herchildrenandafewfriendstojoinher.“Itwasawaywecouldbetogether____29____Itotallycouldn’tjointhe_____30_____,”shesays.Surprisingly,itdid_____31_____finally.Thenextyear,_____32_____,hervoicereturned.Inspiredto_____33_____thepowerofcreativitywithothers,AmyfoundedArtfromtheHeart,anin-homecraftingpartybusiness.Mostofhercustomersarepeoplewhohavedifficulty_____34_____.Shesays,“I’veseen_____35_____howmakingcollageshashelpedmeexpressmyself,soIhopeto_____36_____morepeople.”Armedwithplentyofencouragingphotosandquotes,Amyhelpspartyparticipants(参与者)createdpersonalizedworksofart.Lastyear,Amythrewabout50successful_____37_____,andthisyearshesayssheis_____38_____toworkwithschools,churches,youthgroupsandhospitalstoofferclassesforfree.Her_____39_____istohelpothersfindtheirvoicejustasshefoundhers.Trulygreatpeoplearethosewhoovercometheirown_____40_____anduseittohelpothers.21.A.However B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Instead22.A.shake B.rise C.disappear D.return23.A.absent-minded B.warm-hearted C.low-spirited D.good-natured24.A.experience B.ease C.express D.hide25.A.surprising B.exciting C.amusing D.inspiring26.A.goingthrough B.thinkingabout C.lookingfor D.preparingfor27.A.anxiety B.doubt C.hope D.plan28.A.forced B.invited C.expected D.reminded29.A.eventhough B.incase C.asthough D.ifonly30.A.competition B.activity C.organization D.conversation31.A.exist B.matter C.work D.happen32.A.accurately B.magically C.quickly D.partly33.A.review B.develop C.produce D.share34.A.communicating B.breathing C.painting D.singing35.A.inadvance B.inreturn C.inperson D.insilence36.A.meet B.encourage C.attract D.support37.A.parties B.exhibitions C.speeches D.matches38.A.astonished B.pleased C.determined D.satisfied39.A.secret B.excuse C.reason D.goal40.A.fear B.suffering C.shyness D.laziness【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.B25.D26.A27.C28.B29.A30.D31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C36.B37.A38.C39.D40.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了AmyGenzlinger在一次心脏手术的过程中失去了声音，于是她开始制作拼贴画来鼓舞自己。第二年，Amy的声音竟奇迹般地恢复了。恢复声音的Amy成立了公司，想要帮助更多的人。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在这个过程中，她却失声了。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否则；D.Instead而不是。后文“shelosthervoiceintheprocess”和前文“In2015,AmyGenzlingerhadasuccessfulheartsurgery(手术).”之间是转折关系。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，医生不知道她的声音何时或是否会恢复。A.shake摇动；B.rise上升；C.disappear消失；D.return返回，（使）恢复。根据语境和后文“IdecidedtoacceptitsinceIcouldn’tchangeit”可知，医生也不知道她的声音能不能恢复。故选D项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“一开始，我意志消沉，但很快我决定接受，因为我无法改变它。”A.absent-minded心不在焉的；B.warm-hearted热心的；C.low-spirited意志消沉的，忧郁的；D.good-natured好脾气的。根据前文“shelosthervoiceintheprocess.”可知，她意志消沉。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减轻痛苦，Amy开始用从杂志和照片上剪下来的鼓舞人心的短语和图像制作拼贴画。A.experience经历；B.ease减轻；C.express表达；D.hide隐藏。根据后文“Amybeganmakingcollages(拼贴画)outof____5____phrasesandimagescutfrommagazinesandphotographs”可知，Amy开始制作拼贴画是为了减轻痛苦。故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了减轻痛苦，Amy开始用从杂志和照片上剪下来鼓舞人心的短语和图像制作拼贴画。A.surprising令人惊讶的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.amusing有趣的；D.inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据倒数第二段中“Armedwithplentyofencouragingphotosandquotes”可知，Amy用鼓舞人心的短语和图像制作拼贴画。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“它们成了我表达自己经历的方式，”她说。A.goingthrough经历；B.thinkingabout思考；C.lookingfor寻找；D.preparingfor为……做准备。根据后文“Notonlytheloss,disappointmentandanger,”可知，这些都是Amy所经历的。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅是失落、失望和愤怒，还有我的希望，无论如何，这件事会得到解决。A.anx