2021届南昌实验中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及参考答案

2021届南昌实验中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APlanYourVisittotheBritishMuseumWe'vemadeafewchangestoensureyoucansafelyenjoyyourvisit:Howtobooktickets•Ticketsforthepermanentcollectioncanonlybehookedonlineinadvance.•Tobookticketsforexhibitions,visitourexhibitionpages.Ifyouwanttoguaranteeyourvisittothepermanentcollectionaswellastheexhibitiononyourvisit,youwillneedtobookaseparateticket.•Wearelimitingnumbersofpeopleinthemuseumtoensurethereisroomforyoutosafelyenjoyyourvisit.Everyone,includingmembersandvolunteers,willthereforeneedtobookafree,timedticketinadvance.Importantinformationaboutyourticketbooking•Youcanbookuptosixticketsforpeoplewholiveinthesamefamily.•Wewillemailyourtickettoyou,andyouwillneedtoshowiteitherprintedoutoronyourdevice（设备）whenyouarrive.•Pleasearriveatthetimestatedonyourticket-wecannotguaranteeadmissionbeforeorafterit.FollowingtherouteWehavecreatedanewone-wayroutethroughthemuseumwhichwillallowyoutosafelyexploreworldculturesfromtheMediterraneantotheMiddleEastandfromtheAmericastoAfrica.•Viewamapoftheroute（Openinanewwindow）.•Ouraudioguides（音频指南）arenotavailable.However,youcanpaytodownloadtheaudiointroductionsfromiTunes（Openinanewwindow）orGooglePlay（Openinanewwindow）toeachofthegalleriesandlistenonyourowndevice.Pleaseremembertobringalongyourownheadphones.Whydoesthemuseumoffertimedtickets?A.Toearnmoremoney. B.Tohiremorevolunteers.C.Tosaveroomforcollections. D.Tocontrolthenumberofvisitors.Howcanavisitorlearnaboutthenewrouteinadvance?A.Viewanonlinemap.B.Buyanewheadphone.C.Buyaudioguidesfromthemuseum. D.DownloadvideointroductionsfromiTunes.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.Inanewspaper. B.Inamagazine.C.Onawebsite. D.Inareport.BEverwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords,unlesseventuallyverywelltrained,afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords”saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheE6tv6sLo陌ndUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy,theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs,WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.Intheexclusion-basedtask,presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy,thedogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword,theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.However,thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact,whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4times.“Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren’sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months,”Fugazzasays.“Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearningmechanisms^制）behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.”Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway,20otherdogsweretestedinthesamecondition,butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames,confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?Tobettertraindogs’abilitytolearnnewwords.Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.Toexplorefavorableconditionsforgifteddogs’new-wordlearning.Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?A.Slowtounderstand. B.Quicktolearn. C.Ataloss. D.Inapanic.Whatwasfoundaboutdogs’new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.CDogs’new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.D.Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidly.DogsIdentifyNewly-namedToysbyExclusion.DogsCanAcquireVocabularythroughTonsofTraining.GiftedDogsHaveSimilarLearningAbilitiestoHumans.CThereisanoldChineseproverbthatstates“Onegenerationplantsthetrees;anothergetstheshade,”andthisishowitshouldbewithmothersanddaughters.Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincluderesponsibilitiesandunconditionallove,whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.Marina,27yearsold,said,“Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn’tconsiderhermybestfriend.Bestfriendsdon’tpayforyourwedding.Bestfriendsdon’tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyandgaveyoulife!Bestfriendsdon’ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliveatleast20yearslongerthanyou.”Thisdoesn’tmeanthatthemotheranddaughterrelationshipcan’tbeverycloseandsatisfying.Thisgenerationofmothersandadultdaughtershasalotincommon,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofsharedcompanionship.Mothersanddaughtershavealwayssharedthecommonexperienceofbeinghomemakers,responsibleformaintaining（保持）andpassingonfamilyvaluesandtraditions.Todaycontemporarymothersanddaughtersalsosharetheexperienceofworkandtechnology,whichmaybringthemevenclosertogether.Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends,butforbetterorworse;themotheranddaughterrelationshipispermanent,evenifforsomeunfortunatereasontheyaren’tspeaking.Sometimesthisisnotanequalrelationship.Daughtersdon’talwaysfeelresponsiblefortheirmother’semotionalwell-being.Butmothersneverstopbeingmothers,whichincludesfrequentlywantingtoprotecttheirdaughtersandoftenfeelingresponsiblefortheirhappiness.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipisarelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother.Mothersalways“trump(胜过)”friends.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preclude”inparagraph1probablymean?A.differ. B.benefit. C.prevent. D.change.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatMarinasaid?Bestfriendswillnotspendmoneyonherwedding.Bestfriendswillnotremindherofimportantissuesinlife.Hermotheriswiseronaccountofherage.Hermotherisdefinitelynotherbestfriend.Whycanamotherandadaughterbuildaevencloserrelationshiptoday?Becausetheyshareadvancedtechnologywitheachother.Becausetheyworktogethertosupportthewholefamily.Becausetheyexperiencethesamevaluesandtraditions.Becausetheyhavecommonexperienceinlifeandwork.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Howtobuildagoodmotheranddaughterrelationship.Amother-daughterrelationshipisirreplaceable.Motherswanttobedaughters’friends.Adaughterisamother’sbestfriend.DSleepproblemsinearlychildhoodmaybelinkedtothedevelopmentofcertainmentalhealthdisordersinadolescence,accordingtoanewresearch.Astudyof7,155childrenintheUnitedKingdomfoundthatwakingupfrequentlyduringthenightandirregularsleeproutinesasbabiesandtoddlerswaslinkedtopsychoticexperiencesinchildrenaged12and13.Also,childrenwhosleptforshorterperiodsatnightweremorelikelytobeassociatedwithborderlinepersonalitydisorderatages11and12.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalJAMAPsychiatry,wasthefirsttimepossiblelinksbetweenearlychildhoodsleepproblemsandadolescentpsychoticexperiencesandborderlinepersonalitydisorder(BPD)symptomshavebeenexamined.“Weknowfrompreviousresearchthatpersistentnightmaresinchildrenhavebeenassociatedwithbothpsychosisandborderlinepersonalitydisorder,”saidleadauthorIsabelattheInstituteofMentalHealthattheUniversityofBirmingham.“Butnightmaresdon’ttellthewholestory.We’vefoundthat,infact,anumberofbehavioralsleepproblemsinchildhoodcanpointtowardstheseproblemsinadolescence,”shesaid.Adolescence,typicallydefinedastheagesbetween10and19,isakeyperiodinhumandevelopmentbecauseofbrainandhormonalchanges,anditisnowthoughttobewhenmanymentalhealthproblemsstart.PriorresearchinAustraliafoundthatbabieswithpersistentseveresleepproblemsintheirfirstyearwereatgreaterriskforanxietyandemotionalissuesinlaterchildhood.Sleepproblemsinchildrenandadolescentshavebeenshowntopredictthedevelopmentofvariousemotionalandbehavioralproblems,includingdepression,anxiety,attention-deficithyperactivitydisorder,risk-takingandaggression.However,findingshavebeeninconsistent,especiallywhenbasedonobjectivemeasurementsofsleep,ratherthanparentalreports.Sleepandmentalhealtharecloselyconnectedinadults,withsleepproblemsincreasingtheriskfordevelopingparticularmentalillnessesaswellasresultinginmentalhealthissues.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?Childhoodsleepproblemsprobablycauseyouthmentalhealthproblems.Severesleepproblemsinchildhoodleadtoemotionalissues.Persistentnightmaresinchildrenarecloselyrelatedtopsychosis.Theresearchhasnotbeenknowntothepublic.Whatdoes“it”refertoinparagraph6?A.Adolescence. B.Keyperiod. C.Humandevelopment D.Hormonalchange.AccordingtotheAustralianresearch,olderchildrenwhohadlong-termserioussleepissuesatoneyearoldaremorelikelyto .A.growslowly B.developattention-deficithyperactivitydisorderC.dobadlyinlessons D.sufferfromanxietyWhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?AStudyAboutChildhoodSleepProblemsIsUnderProgressPayAttentiontoChildrenWhoLackSleepChildhoodSleepIssuesLinkedtoAdolescentMentalHealthProblemsHowtoHelpChildrenDevelopaGoodSleepHabit第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Intoday'sincreasinglycompetitivesociety,peopleareloadedwithagrowingamountofstress.Stresscanaffecthowyoufeel,think,andbehave.___16___It'sworthtakingthetimetolearndifferentstrategiesformanagingyourstress.•Identifythecause.Ifyouarehavingproblemswithtensemuscles,overtirednessheadaches,itisquitepossiblystress-related.Isityourjob,relationshiporsomethingelse?Problemscanbedividedintothreecategories:thosewithapracticalsolution,thosewillgetbetterwithtimeandthoseoutsideyourcontrol.___17___•Moveyourbody.Exercisewon'tcureyourstress,butitcanhelptocleanyourhead.Trysomethingnew:yogamaybecalming,butthere'snothingmorethrillingthanhittingapunchbag.Don'tworsenthestressbydrinkingandsmoking.___18___Theywillonlymakeyoufeelphysicallyandmentallyworse.___19___Ifyouarethekindofpersonwhoisopentoadvicecomplaintoafriendaboutyourstress.Friendscanworkasasupportgroup,andtheymayprovideyouwithsolutions.Sometimes,youcan'tseetheeasywayoutofsituationwhenyouarestandingrightinthemiddleofit.•Makealist.Havingtoomuchtodomaycauseyoutorusharoundbecause,ifyouaremovingfaster,itfeelsasifyouaregettingmoredone.___20___Makeato-dolist.Dothebig,importantthingslast,afteryouhaveachievedseveralofthesmallthings.Thatway,youwillapproachthebigthingsalreadyfeelinggood.Talkitthrough.Beagoodlistener.Thesearen'tsolutions.Itpaystotrynewthings.Butthisisafalseimpression.Itcanalsoimpacthowyourbodyfunctions.Focusonthefirstkindandignoretheothers.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项LastSaturday,Iwentouttohavebreakfastwithafriend.Itwas 21 .Butwhatwasn’tsolovelywastheladywhotookour 22 .Shespokeinawaythatwas 23 ,unhappy,certainlynotfriendlyandsortofrude.Workinginhospitality（服务行业）myself,I24.Whenitwasmy25toapproachherandorder,Ithoughttomyself,“WhatcanIdoheretocheerherup,toappreciateher,tomakeher 26 ?”Ihadnothing.Surelytheremustbe27Icouldsincerelycompliment（称赞）heron.ThenI28instantly.Itwasher 29 .Shehadthemostincrediblywell-spokenandclearvoice.ItwasSOgood.AndthatwaswhatIwould 30 herfor.Soaftershetookmyorderandgavemethesameunfriendlyattitude,Itoldher.Isaid:“Ihopeyoudon’tmindmesayingso,butyouhavethemost 31 voice.It’ssoclear,well-spokenandsoundsso32.”Itoldtheladyhervoicewouldbe33forvoice-overs（配音）andshecouldbeahostessforradioprograms.Herface 34 ,andshesmiled—thefirsttimeIhadseenherdoso,andInoticedherwholeattitude 35 .Thecustomerbehindmereceivedatotallydifferentkindof 36 ,abetterone.AnditwasallbecauseofwhatIdid.Somethingso 37 !Therewasatimewhenthissortofthingwouldhave 38 me,orI’dhavebeentooshyandawkwardtosaysuchathing.Notnow.NowImust.Why?BecauseIhavethe 39 .Thepowertocompletelychangesomeone’sdaybysomethingassimpleasafewkind 40 .Andyouhavethispowertoo.Wealldo.21.A.excitingB.commonC.lovelyD.surprising22.A.seatB.orderC.foodD.menu23.A.impatientB.cautiousC.shyD.proud24.A.understoodB.ignoredC.considered D.noticed25.A.chanceB.abilityC.choiceD.turn26.A.listenB.smileC.talkD.respond27.A.nothingB.everythingC.anythingD.something28.A.rememberedB.learnedC.knewD.proved29.A.voiceB.hairC.faceD.attitude30.A.thankB.trustC.blameD.praise31.A.reliableB.amusingC.amazingD.funny32.A.enthusiasticB.interestingC.professional D.relaxing33.A.clearB.perfectC.knownD.normal34.A.stayeddarkB.litupC.turneddownD.wentpale35.A.changeB.adjustC.worsenD.recover36.A.serviceB.paymentC.menuD.order37.A.interestingB.differentC.simpleD.difficult38.A.excitedB.embarrassedC.confusedD.touched39.A.confidenceB.passionC.abilityD.power40.A.wordsB.ordersC.suggestionsD.activities第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Desertification,thenamefor___41.___happenswhenlandthatcanbeusedtogrowcropsturnsintodesert,isagrowingworldproblem.TheUnitedNationsand___42.___(it)membercountriesareworkinghardtofightdesertification.Chinahastakenmanysteps___43.___(stop)theprocessofdesertification,includingencouragingfarmerstobuildfences,andprovidingmoneyforpeopleindryareastoplantmoretreesandbushes.Thisisoneof___44.___cheapestandbestwaysofdecreasingdesertification.Atthemoment,Chinaisplantinga‘GreenWall’ofplantsandbushesinthenorth-eastpartofthecountrythatcouldgroweven___45.___(long)thantheGreatWall.Chinaisalsospendingmoneytryingtofindanddrillforundergroundwater.TheChinaNationalDesertificationMonitoringCentre(CNDMC)wasset___46.___in1996todoresearchintotheproblemofdesertification.Thecentrehasover300scientistsdevotedto___47.___(find)measuresthatwillstopdesertification.However,___48.___(science)researchi