押题04阅读理解议论文-2023年高考英语名校押题精选(课标全国卷用)

押题04阅读理解议论文【押考向-成功与失败】Passage1(押选主题：失败会引领你前进（2023·四川攀枝花·统考三模）Everyonefailsfromtimetotime.Wetrytolearnfromourmistakesandmoveon,leavingthembehind.Butonemuseumisdoingquitetheopposite.It’sashowcaseforfailure,bothfamousandforgotten.InspiredbytheMuseumofBrokenRelationshipsinCroatia,SamuelWest,apsychologistfromSweden,decidedtomakeoursillymistakespublic.HefoundedtheMuseumofFailurein2017.Nowthemuseumishittingtheroad,withatravellingexhibitioninShanghaifromJan18toMarch17.TheMuseumwillexhibitover100“failed”productsfrombig-namecompaniessuchasNokia,AppleandCoca-Cola.“Ireallyhopeyouseethatthesebigbrandsthateverybodyrespectsscrewuptoo,”WesttoldTheNewYorkTimes.“Ihopethatmakesyoufeellessnervousaboutlearningsomethingnew.”West’sopinionisn’tnew.ThefamousGerman-AmericanphysicistAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,

“Apersonwhonevermadeamistakenevertriedanythingnew.”ThisideahasbeeneagerlyacceptedbybigcompaniesintheUS.SiliconValley,forexample,isthehomeofsomeoftheworld’smostinnovative(创新的)techcompanies.Acommonsloganis,“Failfast,failoften.”However,therearereasonsforthis.“Thebestcompaniesarethosethatencouragefailure,welcomeout-of-boxthinkingandallowemployeestomakemistakesandseewhathappens,”wroteSimonCasutoofForbes.Thismayleadtocarelessnessandalackofeffort.Somepeopleareskepticalofthisso-called“cultureoffailure.”Theyareworriedthatiffailurebecomes‘abadge(奖章)ofhonor”,asWiredmagazineputit,itmayevenbeseenas“uncool”whensomeonetriestoreducetheriskoffailure.“Sometimespeoplehidebehindfailure,whentheycouldhavepreventedit,”wroteAnnaIsaacofTheTelegraph.Soit’simportantthatyousetapartthetwokindsoffailure—thekindthatshowslazinessorincompetenceandthekindthattakesyouforward.Thekeyiswhetheryou’velearnedsomethingfromyourmistakes.1．Theunderlinedphrase“screwup”inParagraph3probablymeans_________.A．sufferfailures B．liketakingrisksC．worktogether D．encourageinnovation2．WestfoundedtheMuseumofFailuremainlyto_________.A．helppeopleavoidfailure B．encouragepeopletotrynewthingsC．amusepeoplewithsillyproducts D．teachpeoplehowtolearnfromfailure3．Whyaresomepeopleagainstthe“cultureoffailure”?A．Itwillcausegreatwasteofresources.B．Itwillleadtolotsofimpracticalideas.C．Peoplemayfeartotryagainafterfailure.D．Itmaygivepeopleexcusestomakelesseffort.4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffailure?A．Allfailuresdeserverespect.B．Failureshowslackofeffortandability.C．Failureisgoodifitteachesussomething.D．Thebestcompaniesseldommakemistakes.【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．C【导语】本文为议论文。每个人都有失败的时候。我们努力从错误中吸取教训，文章通过例子及名人名言阐述了失败会引领你前进。但是，我们要区分两种失败是很重要的——一种是显示懒惰或无能的失败，另一种是引领你前进的失败。关键在于你是否从错误中吸取了教训。1．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“TheMuseumwillexhibitover100“failed”productsfrombig-namecompaniessuchasNokia,AppleandCoca-Cola.(博物馆将展出诺基亚、苹果和可口可乐等知名公司的100多种“失败”产品)”可知，韦斯特想让人们也看看那些人人都尊敬的大品牌也会遭受失败。因此猜测，画线短语意为“遭受失败”。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Ihopethatmakesyoufeellessnervousaboutlearningsomethingnew.(我希望这能让你对学习新东西不那么担心)推知，韦斯特建立失败博物馆主要是为了鼓励人们尝试新事物。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Somepeopleareskepticalofthisso-called“cultureoffailure.”Theyareworriedthatiffailurebecomes‘abadge(奖章)ofhonor”,asWiredmagazineputit,itmayevenbeseenas“uncool”whensomeonetriestoreducetheriskoffailure.(有些人对这种所谓的“失败文化”持怀疑态度。他们担心，如果失败成为一种荣誉勋章，正如《连线》杂志所说，当有人试图减少失败的风险时，甚至会被视为不酷)”可知，如果失败称为一种荣誉勋章，那么那些努力减少失败的人可能被认为不那么酷。由此推知，有些人反对“失败文化”是因为担心它可能成为人们不那么努力的借口。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Soit’simportantthatyousetapartthetwokindsoffailure—thekindthatshowslazinessorincompetenceandthekindthattakesyouforward.Thekeyiswhetheryou’velearnedsomethingfromyourmistakes.(所以重要的是你分开两种失败——那种显示懒惰和无能，以及那种带你向前。关键是你是否从错误中吸取了教训)”推知，作者认为失败是好的，如果它能教会我们一些东西。故选C。Passage2(押选主题：成功是一种选择而非靠机遇（2023·天津·天津市新华中学校考模拟预测）Fromnowon,neverspendyourprecioustimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailuresandshortcomings.Instead,realizethattheseedsofsuccesswereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.Theseeds,andthepowertogrowthem,arecontainedinthemostawesomemachineevercreated:thehumanmind.Successisachoiceandnotachance.Youwerebornawinner.Youwerebornrich.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.Youcannotbesuccessfulwithoutfirstdevelopingyourself-esteem.Yourlevelofself-esteemisalwaysbasedonthedegreeofcontrolthatyouareabletoexerciseoveryourself,andthusoveryourlife.Peoplewithlowself-esteemarepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyaretheperennial(长期的)victimsandmartyrs.Theyareleavestossed(摇摆)bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.Youcanexercisecontroloveryourlifeonlytothedegreethatyoubelievethatyouareresponsibleforeverythingthathappensinyourlife.Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.Successfulpeoplerealizethattheyareresponsible.Everythinghappensasaresultofsomething.Ifwecanidentifythecause,wecancontroltheeffect.Weareresponsibleforwhatwechoosetothinkandbelieve.Onegenerallyrisestothelevelthatoneexpects.Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence.Ifyouassociatewithpositive-thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.Onthecontrary,theoppositehappens.Weareresponsibleforfinding,planting,andnurturingtheseedsthatcontainfuturevictory,bornfromsetbacks.Inshort,inallareasofyourlife,whethertheybefinancial,physical,emotional,orspiritual,youareresponsible.Onceyourecognizethis,acceptit,andfirmlybelieveit,youareontheroadtosuccess.5．Peoplewithlowself-esteemarecomparedtoleavesbecausethey______.A．arereadytochangetheirmindsB．areeasilyaffectedbywindyweatherC．havethepowertofacetheirfateD．can’texercisecontroloverthemselves6．Loserswouldthinkthat______.A．successistheresultofhardworkB．workinghardwillleadtosuccessC．theirfailureisonlybecauseofbadluckD．theydon’tmakeeffortstosucceed7．WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?______A．Whetherwewillsucceeddependsonourattitudes.B．Confidencecancontributetosuccess.C．Thoughtsandbeliefsaretheresultofcreativemind.D．Settingourexpectationsisessential.8．Thelastparagraphservesas______.A．theproofoftheauthor’spointsB．theconclusionoftheargumentC．anintroductiontoanothertopicD．acomparisonbetweentwoviews9．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?______A．SuccessIsaChoiceB．BeResponsibleforOurFutureC．DevelopOurConfidenceD．SuccessandSelf-esteem【答案】5．D6．C7．C8．B9．A【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为成功是一种选择，而不是单纯靠机遇，我们要对自己思考后做出的选择负责，也要对自己生活的方方面面负责任。这样，我们才会离成功更进一步。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Peoplewithlowself-esteemarepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyareleavestossedbythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.”（低自尊的人是那些不相信自己有任何能力或对自己的生活负责的人。它们是随风飘动的树叶，随着天气的突然变化而随风飘动）可知，把低自尊的人比作树叶是因为他们不相信自己有能力和责任控制自己的人生，就像树叶一样随着机会的改变而随风摇摆。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.”（失败者认为一切都是偶然发生的）可知，失败者认为每件事的发生都是偶然和随机的，因此他们把失败归结于运气不好。故选C。7．细节理解题。第一段提到“Instead,realizethattheseedsofsuccesswereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.

Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.”（相反，要意识到成功的种子在你出生的时候就已经种在你的体内了。只有你有能力让这些种子成长。）和第二段提到“Successisachoiceandnotachance.Youwerebornawinner.Youwerebornrich.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.”（成功是一种选择，而不是一种机会。你天生就是个赢家。你生而富有。只要你做出正确的选择，你就能成功。）根据这两句可以得出：成功与否是基于人自身的态度，成功的种子已经种植于心，只有自己才能让成功长出果实，A项正确。第五段提到“Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence.”（我们的成功取决于我们的自信程度。）自信也能引导成功，B项正确。倒数第三段提到“Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.”（我们有责任设定我们的期望。）设置我们的期望也是很有必要的。D项正确。文章中并没有提到想法和信仰与创造性思维之间的关系。C项不正确。故选C。8．推理判断题。最后一段“Inshort,inallareasofyourlife,whethertheybefinancial,physical,emotional,orspiritual,youareresponsible.”（简而言之，在你生活的方方面面，无论是经济上、身体上、情感上还是精神上，你都有责任）是作者对论点的总结，说明我们要取得成功，就要对生活的各个方面负责。也可从关键词“Inshort”（总而言之）看出，这一段的作用是总结观点。故选B。9．主旨大意题。通过第一段“Instead,realizethattheseedsofsuccesswereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.”（相反，要意识到成功的种子在你出生的时候就已经在你内心埋下了。只有你有能力让这些种子生长）可以看出，作者认为我们有能力去把握成功。第二段“Successisachoiceandnotachance.Youwerebornawinner.Youwerebornrich.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.”（成功是一种选择，而不是一种机会。你是天生的赢家。你生而富有。只要你做出正确的选择，你就能成功）表明作者的观点：成功是一种选择而不是机会，只要做出正确的选择，就可以成功。而下文都是围绕要想成功就要把握机会做出正确的选择而展开。文章结尾也是对这一中心论点的总结。因此标题也要按照“成功是一种选择”这一论点来确定。A项“SuccessIsaChoice.”（成功是一个选择）该项符合文意。故选A。【押素材-人工智能】Passage3(押选主题：人工智能引发的学术焦虑（2023·北京东城·统考二模）September2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledoverinacademia,afterauserofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA’swithessays“written”usingartificialintelligence.Mostprofessorsexpressedconcern.Onewrote,“GradingsomethinganAIwroteisanincrediblydepressingwasteofmylife.”Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsinwriting,tosubmita2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.IaskedthemtorelyontheAIasmuchaspossible.Afterreviewingtheir22AIessays,Icantellyouconfidentlythatthetechnologyjustisn’tthere.Mystudentsusedfreeaccessibletextgeneratorsonlineandputinalotofeffort.But,ifIhadbelievedtheseweregenuinestudentessays,theverybestwouldhaveearnedsomewherearoundaCorC-minus.ManyoftheessayshadobviousredflagsforAIgeneration:outdatedfacts,quotesfromprioruniversitypresidentspresentedascurrentpresidents,fictionalprofessorsandnamedstudentorganizationsthatdon’texist.Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAIrequiredfarmoretimethansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.TherehasbeenafairamountwrittenaboutthesupposedimpressivenessofAI-generatedtext.Thereareevenseveralhigh-profileAI-writtenarticles,essaysorevenscientificpapersorscreenplaysthatshowcasethisimpressiveness.Inmanyofthesecases,the“authors”haveaccesstohigher-qualitylanguagemodelsthanmoststudentsarecurrentlyabletouse.But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformofprofessionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents’AI-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblemsofstudentwriting—uncertaintyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,andinconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskillandrevisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.MyexperimentalsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyourassignmentis“DescribethereasonsfortheU.S.CivilWar”,youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessaysubmissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.TherearejustnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.Ithasbeenjustoverfiveyearssincecomputerscientistsdeclared,“Weshouldstoptrainingradiologists(放射科医生)now.Deeplearningisgoingtodobetterthanradiologists.”Well,we’restilltrainingradiologists,andthere’snoindicationthatdeeplearningisgoingtoreplacehumandoctorsanytimesoon.Inmuchthesameway,Istronglysuspectfull-onrobotwritingwillalwaysandforeverbe“justaroundthecorner”.1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentsintheexperiment?A．Theirwritingefficiencywasaffected.B．Theiressayswerebetterstructured.C．TheypreferredAI-writtenessays.D．TheyovercameAI’sweaknesses.2．WhatdoestheauthorimplyinParagraph3?A．Onlinetextgeneratorsarefarfromreliable.B．Genuinestudentessaysdeservehighermarks.C．Studentsneedtohavebettermasteryoftechnology.D．RevisingapplicationsdecidethequalityofAIessays.3．Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmaydiscouragetheuseofAItextgenerators?A．Standardcriteria B．Strictregulations..C．Clearinstructions. D．Uniquewritingtasks.4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．ToassessAI’sinfluenceonstudents’writing.B．TodiscussthethreatofAItotheteachingofwriting.C．ToappealfortheappropriateapplicationofAItextgenerators.D．ToanalysethedifferencesbetweengenuineandAl-writtenessays.【答案】1．A2．A3．D4．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能引发的学术焦虑，作者通过实验告诉我们，我们不需要过于担忧人工智能的使用。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsinwriting,tosubmita2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.

IaskedthemtorelyontheAIasmuchaspossible.(随着网上的沮丧情绪愈演愈烈，我让我的学生们(他们大多是写作专业的学生)就一个当地问题提交一份2000字的提案。我要求他们尽可能地依赖AI。)”“Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAIrequiredfarmoretimethansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.(与此同时，学生们报告说，使用人工智能比简单地用传统方式写论文需要更多的时间。)”可知，作者要求学生尽可能依赖AI来进行写作，而学生认为这样要比传统的写论文更费时间。由此判断，使用AI技术使得学生的写作效率受到了影响。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformofprofessionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents’AI-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblemsofstudentwriting—uncertaintyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,andinconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskillandrevisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.(但是，更重要的是，发表的例子通常是专业作家和编辑的润色形式。相比之下，我的许多学生的人工智能论文显示了学生写作的常见问题——不确定合适的写作风格，组织和过渡的问题，以及不一致的分段。显然，用人工智能写一篇高质量的文章需要有很高的写作技巧和修改技巧来产生适当的输出。)”可以推断，用AI文本生成器想写一篇高质量的文章是不太可能的。因此，作者认为AI文本生成器并不可靠。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“MyexperimentalsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyourassignmentis“DescribethereasonsfortheU.S.CivilWar”,youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessaysubmissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.TherearejustnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.(我的实验告诉我，一份好的作业表是对抗人工智能论文的最佳方法。如果你的作业是“描述美国内战的原因”，你更有可能得到人工智能或下载的论文提交。我的作业是一个挑战，因为它要求学生解决当地关注的问题。AI文本生成器所使用的数据中没有足够的相关例子。)”可知，作者认为如果不想让学生使用AI文本生成器，教师可以布置独特的写作任务，这样学生就无法使用AI文本生成器。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“September2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledoverinacademia,afterauserofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA’swithessays“written”usingartificialintelligence.(2022年9月显然是人工智能论文焦虑在学术界爆发的一个月，此前一名人工智能写作服务的用户声称，用人工智能“写”的论文得到了全A。大多数教授对此表示担忧。)”以及最后一段“Inmuchthesameway,Istronglysuspectfull-onrobotwritingwillalwaysandforeverbe“justaroundthecorner”(同样地，我强烈怀疑完全的机器人写作将永远是“指日可待”。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能对于写作教学的威胁，作者认为人们无需太过于担忧机器人写作会代替学生写作。故选B。Passage4(押选主题：人工智能并不能完全取代人类互动（2023·安徽池州·统考一模）AIiscurrentlybeingusedinvariousways.Sowhatdoesthatmean?Doesitmeantheworldwillsoonbeoverrunbyrobots?However,whenitcomestocustomerservice,AIcannotcompletelyreplacehumaninteraction,fornowatleast.Actually,allcustomerserviceinteractionshavetwoaspects:emotionandurgency.NewAItoolscanhandlehigh-urgencysituationsquickly,butastohigh-emotionsituations,noAIcandealwiththemsuccessfully.Arobotmightbeabletorecognizeyou’retryingtocheckinforaflightrecentlycanceled,buttheemotionalaspectisentirelyun-programmable.Perhapsthepassengerhasincreasinglyhighemotionsabouttheflightbeingcanceledbecauseheisflyingtoanimportantbusinessmeeting.Caseslikethiscancreatehigh-stressmomentsforthecustomer.Onlyapersoncanunderstandthedifference.High-stressmomentstendtostaywithcustomersforever,soit’simportanttohaveaplaninplace.GoodcompaniesarebetteratdeterminingwhichcasesAIcanhandleonitsownandwhichcasesneedtobehandledbyahumanwithAIassistance.Inhigh-emotioncases,there’snosubstitute(替补)forthepersonaltouchofahuman.Passengerswhoseluggageislostaregoingtoseekoutanemployeetohelpthemlocatetheirbags.AlthoughAIcanbeusedtolocatetheirbags,itcanhardlydealwithpassengers’highemotions.TheconversationaroundAInowistoofocusedonthequestionofhowAIcanreplacehumaninteraction,whichismissingthepoint.TheaimofAIshouldn’tbetoreplacehumaninteraction,buttoimproveit.Thequestionherewon’tbehowfarwecanpushAI,buthowwecanuseourimaginationtocontinuereinventing(改良)theproblem-solvingprocess.5．Whatisimpliedinparagraph1?A．AIhashadcontroloverthehumanbeing.B．AIcantotallyreplacehumaninteraction.C．AIcanhandlehigh-emotioncaseseasily.D．AIstillhasitsownlimitationsatpresent.6．Whyistheexampleofacanceledflightmentionedinparagraph2?A．Tohighlightthepassengers’highemotions.B．ToprovetheefficiencyofAIhandlingurgency.C．ToshowAIcanhandlehigh-emotioncaseswell.D．TostresstheadvantageapersonhasoverAI.7．Whyshouldcompanieshaveaplanforhigh-stressmoments?A．High-stressmomentsrequiremoreAItools.B．High-stressmomentscanbehandledbyAIalone.C．High-stressmomentsareunforgettableforcustomers.D．High-stressmomentsareignoredbymostcompanies.8．WhatwillwefocusonwhenusingAItohandlecustomerservice?A．ReplacinghumanswithnewAItools.B．Payingattentiontosolvingproblems.C．Avoidingmakingtroubleforcustomers.D．TryingtoinventmorenewAItools.【答案】5．D6．D7．C8．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是在客户服务方面，人工智能还不能完全取代人类互动，至少目前如此。5．推理判断题。根据第一段的“However,whenitcomestocustomerservice,AIcannotcompletelyreplacehumaninteraction,fornowatleast.(然而，在客户服务方面，人工智能还不能完全取代人类互动，至少目前如此。)”可知，第一段暗示了目前人工智能仍有其局限性。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第二段的“NewAItoolscanhandlehigh-urgencysituationsquickly,butastohigh-emotionsituations,noAIcandealwiththemsuccessfully.Arobotmightbeabletorecognizeyou’retryingtocheckinforaflightrecentlycanceled,buttheemotionalaspectisentirelyun-programmable.Perhapsthepassengerhasincreasinglyhighemotionsabouttheflightbeingcanceledbecauseheisflyingtoanimportantbusinessmeeting.Caseslikethiscancreatehigh-stressmomentsforthecustomer.Onlyapersoncanunderstandthedifference.(新的人工智能工具可以快速处理高度紧急的情况，但对于高度情绪化的情况，没有人工智能可以成功处理。机器人也许能识别出你正在办理最近取消的航班的值机手续，但情感方面是完全无法编程的。也许乘客因为要去参加一个重要的商务会议而对航班被取消的情绪越来越高。这样的情况会给客户带来很大的压力。只有人能理解其中的差别。)”可知，第2段提到了取消航班的例子是为了强调人类相对于人工智能的优势。故选D。7．细节理解题。根据第三段的“High-stressmomentstendtostaywithcustomersforever,soit’simportanttohaveaplaninplace.(高压力时刻往往永远伴随着客户，所以制定一个适当的计划很重要。)”可知，公司要为高压力时刻制定计划是因为对客户来说高压时刻是难忘的。故选C。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thequestionherewon’tbehowfarwecanpushAI,buthowwecanuseourimaginationtocontinuereinventing(改良)theproblem-solvingprocess.(这里的问题不是我们能让AI走多远，而是我们如何利用我们的想象力继续改造解决问题的过程。)”可知，在使用人工智能处理客户服务时，我们应该关注解决问题。故选B。【押考法-逻辑推理和目的意图】Passage5(押选主题：为什么要把钱花在经历上而不是事物上（2023春·广东广州·高三广东广雅中学校考阶段练习）Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneyiswellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?A20-yearstudyconductedbyDr.Gilovich,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,reachedapowerfulandstraightforwardconclusion:don'tspendyourmoneyonthings.Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.Wegetusedtonewpossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklybecomesthenorm.Wekeepraisingthebarandalwayslookforanevenbetterone.Possessions,bytheirnature,causecomparisons.Webuyanewcarandarethrilledwithituntilafriendbuysabetterone—andthere'salwayssomeonewithabetterone.Mostofususuallyassumethatthehappinesswegetfrombuyingsomethingwilllastaslongasthethingitself.Itseemsintuitive(直觉的)thatinvestinginsomethingwecansee,hear,andtouchonapermanentbasisdeliversthebestvalue.Butit'snotthecaseatall.Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofouridentity.Everyone'sexperienceisunique.Wearenotourpossessions,butwearetheaccumulationofeverythingwe’veseen,thethingswe’vedone,andtheplaceswe’vebeento.“Ourexperiencesareabiggerpartofourselvesthanourmaterialgoods,”saidGilovich.“Youcanreallylikeyourmaterialstuff.Youcaneventhinkthatpartofyouridentityisconnectedtothosethings,buttheyremainseparatefromyou.Incontrast,yourexperiencesreallyarepartofyou.Wearethesumtotalofourexperiences.”Besides,wedon'tcompareexperiencesinthesamewaythatwecomparethings.It’shardtoquantifytherelativevalueofanytwoexperiences,whichmakesthemthatmuchmoreenjoyable.Andexpectationofanexperiencecausesexcitementandenjoyment,whileexpectationofobtainingapossessioncausesimpatience.Experiencesareenjoyablefromtheveryfirstmomentsofplanning,allthewaythroughtothememoriesyoukeepforever.Thetemporaryhappinessachievedbybuyingthingscanberegardedas“puddlesofpleasure”.Inotherwords,thatkindofhappinessevaporatesquicklyandleavesuswantingmore.Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthememoriesthatremainarewhatmattermost.1．Whichonecanreplacetheunderlinedwordsinparagraph2?A．Diesaway. B．Istoolittle.C．Isnotreal. D．Coststoomuch.2．WhatdoesGilovichthinkofexperiences?A．Experiencesdeliverless-lastinghappinessthanthings.B．Experiencescanexistinourmemoryforever.C．Ourexperiencestakeupallpartsofourselves.D．Ourexperiencesarewhatseparateusfromothers.3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Spiritualwealthisofgreatvaluetous.B．Experiencescanbecomparedwitheachother.C．Expectinganexperienceincreasesourfeelingofanxiety.D．Peoplearemorelikelytobeimpatientwhenbuyingthings.4．Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howcanwegainhappinesswithmoney?B．Howcanwemakehappinesslastlong?C．Whyshouldwespendmoneyonexperiencesinsteadofthings?D．Whydoexperiencesachievepermanenthappinessthanthings?【答案】1．A2．D3．A4．C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。1．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句后一句“Wegetusedtonewpossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklybecomesthenorm.(我们习惯了新拥有的东西，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就变成了常态)”可推知，新拥有的东西，能够带来的快乐是短暂的，很快就会“消失”，petersout对应的同义词应是“dieaway”。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第三段提到“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofouridentity.Everyone'sexperienceisunique.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份的一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的)”可知，吉洛维奇（Gilovich）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的经历形成与他人的区别，因此我们的经历让我们与他人不同。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到“Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.(问题是，事物所带来的快乐会逐渐消失)”及第三段首句提到“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福)”及最后一段最后一句提到“Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthememoriesthatremainarewhatmattermost.(事物可能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要的)”可推知，作者认为，事物可能留存的时间比经历更久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历留下的精神财富才是最重要的。故选A。4．主旨大意题。通读全文内容特别是最后一段的“Inotherwords,thatkindofhappinessevaporatesquicklyandleavesuswantingmore.Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthememoriesthatremainarewhatmattermost.(换句话说，这种幸福很快就蒸发了，让我们想要更多。事情可能比经历更长，但留下的记忆是最重要的)”可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneyiswellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?(我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢？)”可知，本文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上呢？”故选C。Passage6(押选主题：获得成功的两个关键因素-好奇心和不满足（2023秋·全国·高三专题练习）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanright