2022年甘肃省庆阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）

2022年甘肃省庆阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Wheneveryoucatchnegativesaying,youshould______.

A.avoidcreatingresistance

B.questionyourowntalk

C.trytothinkpositively

D.turnaroundandstopthinking

2.

Accordingtothepassage,calorieintakeisthemostimportantreasonleadingpeopletobecomingfat.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.Changeblindnessreferstothephenomenonthat______.

A.manypeoplefailtonoticethebigchangearoundthem

B.peopletendtoignorethesmallchangesinthesurroundings

C.people'schoicescanbeeasilyinterruptedbyabigchange

D.quiteafewpeopledonothaveagoodsenseofdirections

4.

Whenreservingahotelroomwithyourcheckcard,youhavetodecidehowmuchmoneyinyouraccounthastobeonhold.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.LackofpreventionstrategiesandtreatmentprogramsmakesthedevelopingcountriesthelargestinthenumberofHIVinfection.

6.

TheInternetandmediacompanieshaverealizedtheimplicitvaluationsofsocialnetworking,buthaven'tmadeitaworkingrevenuemodel.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Whatunderwateractioncanleadtotheproductionofpollutionsimilartothatproducedbyfossilfuelpowerstations?

A.Massdyingofunderwatercreature.

B.Recyclingofunderwaterwasteproducts.

C.Decomposingfloodedvegetation.

D.Abstractingunderwateroil.

8.

Themostcommonmistakebeginningpaintersmakeisspendingtoo______timeandeffortlayingonthepaint.

9.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions17,choosethebestanswerfromthe.fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

howSATsWork

Testsareafactoflifethroughoutourschoolcareers,butoneofthemostimportant,and,tosomethescariest,ofthemallistheSAT—thatthree-hourexamthat'ssupposedtomeasureahighschoolstudent'schanceofacademicsuccessinthefirstyearofcollege.SomecollegesconsiderSATscoresmajorfactorsintheiradmissionprocess,whileothersviewhighschoolacademicperformance,alongwithrecommendationsandextracurricularactivities,equally,orevenmoreimportantly.Nomatterwhereyou'reheaded,ifyou'reahighschoolstudent,theSATisimportanttoyoubecausemostcollegesrequirestudentstoreporteitherSATorACTAssessment(anothertest)scores.

WhatIstheSAT?

Firstofall,SATnolongerstandsforScholasticAptitudeTest(学术性倾向测验),theoriginalnameofthetestwhenitwasintroducedin1941.Althoughyoumaystillseethatnameoccasionally,theCollegeBoard,thenot-for-profiteducationalassociationthatsponsorstheSATs,decidedtolettheacronymstandonitsownasawayofaddressingcontroversyaboutthemeaningoftheword"aptitude".TheCollegeBoardalsorejectedthealternative"ScholasticAssessmentTest".(Englishteachersprobablypointedoutthatthisnamewasredundant,sinceassessmentmeanstest.)

TheSATImeasuresverbalandmathreasoningabilitiesthatyou'vedevelopedthroughoutyourschoolyears.Themultiple-choicetest,developedbythenot-for-profitEducationalTestingService,isintendedtoletstudentsdemonstratetheirverbalandmathabilitieswithoutregardtothekindofschoolingthey'vehad.AccordingtotheCollegeBoard,thetestlooksforastudent'sabilitytounderstandandanalyzewrittenmaterial,todrawinferences,todifferentiateshadesofmeaning,todrawconclusionsandsolvemathproblemsallskillsthatarenecessaryforsuccessincollegeandtheworkworld.

TheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT).Assessment,whichwasintroducedin1959,isanalternativetotheSATthatvirtuallyallcollegesanduniversitiesnowaccept.Developersofthetesttoutitforitscurriculum-basedquestions,sayingthattheirtestismoredirectlyrelatedtowhatisactuallytaughtinhighschool.

What'stheSATII

ThenewerSATII:SubjectTests,formerlytheCollegeBoardAchievementTests,areintendedtomeasureastudent'sknowledgeofaparticularsubject,suchasEnglish(writingorliterature),historyandsocialsciences,mathematics(variouslevels),sciences,andlanguages(Chinese,French,German,modernHebrew,Italian,Japanese,Latin,Spanish,English).SomecollegesrequireoneormoreSATIItests,buteveniftheyaren'trequired,SATIItestsscorescanhelpyoupresentamorepersonalizedportfoliothatillustrateshowwellyouwouldfitataparticularschool.MostcollegesuseSATIIscoresnotforadmissionpurposesbutforprogramplacementandcounseling.SATIItestsaregivenonaslightlydifferentschedulefromtheSATI.Generally,SATIItestsareonehourlongandconsistofmultiplechoicequestions.Thereareexceptions.Forexample,theWritingTesthas40minutesofmultiple-choicequestionsanda20-minutewritingsample.

Todecidewhichsubjecttestshouldbetaken,first,makealistofallthecollegesyou'reconsidering.ThenreviewtheircatalogsorwebsitestofindoutiftheyrequireSubjectTestscores

A.measurewhetherastudent'sabilitycanbesuccessfulinthefirstyearofcollege

B.evaluatehighschools'educationqualitythroughoutthecountry

C.helpimprovetheeducationincollegethroughoutthecountry

D.measurehighschoolstudents'chanceofafruitfullife

10.

Roboticsurgeryhaslessbloodlossandpain,lowerriskofcomplications,shorterhospitalstaysandquickerrecoverytimesthanthosewhohaveopensurgery.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

SomepeoplearereadytoconnectUFO'swiththeBermudaTrianglebecauseit'ssaidthatmoreUFO'shavebeensightedalong______and______thaninanyotherpartoftheworld.

12.

Thekindof______Wilcoxpossessedcanonlybenurturedbyyearsoflivingalifeinnature.

13.

HearingthenewsoftheKlondikeGoldRush,Emery'sfatherandhisbrother-in-lawdecidedtogotoAlaskatogether.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Theskeletonsofbrittlestarscontainthousandsoftinyeyes,whichenablethemto______.

15.Differentfromlargeorganicfarms,smallorganicfarmsweremainly,engagedin______.

16.

Ababybeginstolaughandbecomesacomparativelysophisticatedcreaturewhenheisattheageof______.

17.

Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavialow-powerradiowavesbetween402GHzand480GHz.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Aratcanlearnandform.newmemoriesinitsbrainundertheeffectof

19.Peoplewhowanttheirbackpaintobefixedquicklyoftenresortto______.

A.surgeryB.chiropracticcareC.massageD.acupuncture

20.

AccordingtoMichaelTwery,whydon'tthosepeoplewithsnoringproblemsgotosectheirdoctor?

A.Becausetheyarcafraidtobelaughedatbyothers.

B.Becausetheyarcnotawareoftheproblemsduetotheirslowprogress.

C.Becausetheyarctoobusytogotohospital.

D.Becausetheyareunwillingtotalkaboutsnoringproblems.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B7】

22.(24)

A.WhethertoaccepttheDean'sjobofferornot.

B.Whethertomoveornot.

C.Whethertohavearestornot.

D.Whethertoaskforanextensionornot.

23.(16)

A.Jennywon'tbegettinganewroommateafterall.

B.Jennywouldn'tgivespecificreasonsforherfeelings.

C.Hehadn'theardthatJennyhadanewroommateatall.

D.Hecouldn'ttalkJennyintogettingwellwith'hernewroommate.

24.(26)

A.Thestudentswillnevermeettheirprofessor.

B.There'renoassignmentsorexamsforthecourse.

C.Contactbytelephoneisessentialinthecourse.

D.Thetelevisedlessonisshowedonlyonce.

25.听力原文：It'scommonknowledgethatmusiccanhaveapowerfuleffectonouremotions.Infact,sincethe1930s,musictherapistshavereliedonmusictocalmpatientsandhelpcontrolpain.Nowpsychologistsareconfirmingthatmusiccanalsohelprelievedepressionandimproveconcentration.Forinstance,inarecentstudy,50surgeonsweregivensomehigh-stressedmathproblemstosolve.Theyweredividedintothreegroups:oneworkedinsilence,andinanother,thesurgeonslistenedtomusicoftheirchoiceonheadphones;thethirdgrouplistenedtoclassicalmusicchosenbytheresearchers.Theresultsofthestudymaysurpriseyou.Thedoctorswhogottochoosetheirownmusicexperiencedlessstressandscoredbetterthantheothers.OnepossibleexplanationisthatlisteningtothemusicyoulikestimulatesAlfawavesinthebrain,increasesheartrateandexpandsbreathing.Thathelpstoreducestressandsharpenconcentration.Otherresearchsuggestsasecondrelationshipbetweenmusicandthebrain:Byexaminingthebloodofstudentsaftertheylistenedtoavarietyofclassicalmusicselections,researchersfoundthatsomestudentsshowedalargeincreaseinendorphin,anaturalpainreliever.Thissupportswhatmusictherapistshaveknownforyears:Musiccanhelprevitalizeorcalmthepatient.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．

(33)

A.Traininggiventomusictherapists.

B.Howmusicpreventsdisease.

C.Studiesonthebenefitsofmusic.

D.Howmusicianscreatemusic.

26.听力原文：W:Iwanttoregisterforthismathematicscourse.

M:I'msorryregistrationhasclosed.

W:Closed?ButtheclerktoldmeIcouldcomebackandregisteranytimeduringthefirstweekofclasses.

M:Well,that'snotpossible.Thecomputer'sofficialstudentaccounthasalreadybeensenttothestate.Andthat'swhatourbudgetisbasedon.Whotoldyouthatanyway?

W:SomewomanherewhenItriedtoregisterthreeweeksago.ShesaidIjusthadtopayalatefee.

M:Shemusthavebeenatemporaryworker.Theydon'thavemuchtraining.Whydidn'tyouregisterthen?

W:ShesaidIcouldn'tuntilIhadmybirthcertificate.Hereitis.

M:Yourbirthcertificate?

W:WellI'manewpart-timestudent.Sosheasksforidentification.Idon'tdrivesoIdon'thaveadriver'slicense.

M:Huh.That'snoreasontodemandabirthcertificate.Weonlyneedtoestablishresidency:aphonebillwithyournameandaddressonitwould'vebeenfine.

W:Really?Onlyproofofmyaddress?

M:Yes.I'mafraidshegaveyouthewronginformation.Stillyou'llhavetowaitandtakeyourmath'sclassnextsemester.

W:Butthat'sunfair.

M:Well,Isympathizewithyourproblem,butfrankly,Idon'tthinkthereisanythinganyonecandoforyou.Youweretrappedinthesystem.Ifyouwantto,youcantalktothedirector.Shewillhelpyouifshecan.

W:Great.

M:Butdon'tgetyourhopesup.

(23)

A.Shedoesn'twanttopaythelatefee.

B.Shewasgivenincorrectinformation.

C.Shecan'taffordtopayhertuition.

D.Shedidn'tpasshermathematicscourse.

27.听力原文：W：I'mgoingtoattendaninterimmeetingbutchancesarethatmyhandsarefull.Couldyougivemeahand?

M：IthappensthatIhavesomeworkofmyowntohandin，butIguessIcantakesometime.JustletmeknowwhatI'msupposedtodo.

Q：Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Hewillbetoobusytohelpthewoman.

B.Heisnotsurewhetherhecanhelpthewoman.

C.Heissupposedtoknowwhatheshoulddo.

D.Hewillhelpthewoman.

28.听力原文：M:Hello.Ineedtotalkwithsomeoneaboutmydriver'slicense.

W:Yes.HowmayIhelpyon?Doyouhaveadriver'slicense,ordoyouneedtogetone?

M:Well,I'mnotsure.Yousee,Ihaveaninternationaldriver'slicense.

W:Uhuh.AndhowlongwillyoubestayingintheUnitedStates?

M:Probablyfouryears,untilIfinishmydegree.

W:Oh.ThenyouwillneedtogetinArizonadriver'slicease.

M:DoIhavetotakeadriver'stesttodothat?

W:Yes,youdo.Youneedtocomeinandtakeawrittenexamandaneyeexam,andthanyouneedtotakearoadtestwithaparallelparkingtest.Didyousaythatyouareastudent?

M:Yes,I'mastudentattheuniversity.Idon'thaveIDwithme,butIcangogetit.

W:Okay.Thenyoucanapplyforalimitedlicense.JustcomebackandshowyourstudentID,andyoucanmakeapplicationforafive-yearlicense.

M:Great.That'swhatIwant.SoIdon'thavetotakethedriver'stestthen.

W:Oh,yesyoudo.Thelicenseonlycostsyoutendollars.Aregularlicensewouldcostyoualotmorethanthat,butitisvalidformorethanfiveyears.

M:Whycan'tIjustusemyinternationaldriver'slicense?

W:Youcouldifyouwerejustvisitingforlessthanayear,Butasastudents,youwillbetemporarilyresidinginourstate.

M:Okay.Sothat'swhymyfriendcadusehisinternationallicense,heisatourist.

W:Right.

(23)

A.Themanwantstoobtainaninternationaldriver'slicensethathecanusebothintheU.S.andinhiscountry.

B.Themanwantstotakeadriver'stesttogetanArizonadriver'slicense.

C.Themanwantstoknowwhetherhecanusehisinternationaldriver'slicenseinArizona.

D.ThemanwantstofilloutanapplicationforanArizonadriver'slicense.

29.听力原文：M:Hi,Diana.MindifIsitdown?

W:Notatall,Jack.Howhaveyoubeen?

M:Good.ButI'msurprisedtoseeyouonthecitybus.Yourcarintheshop?

W:No.I'vejustbeenthinkingalotabouttheenvironmentlately.SoIdecidedtheairwillbealotcleanerifweallusepublictransportationwhenwecould.

M:I'msureyouareright.Thedieselbusisn'texactlypollutionfree.

W:True.Butthey'llberunningalotcleanersoon.Wewerejusttalkingaboutthatinmyenvironmentalengineeringclass.

M:What'sthecitygonnado?Installpollutionfiltersofsomesortontheirbuses?

W:Theycould,butthosefiltersmaketheenginesworkharderandreallycutdownonfuelefficiency.Insteadtheyfoundawaytomaketheirenginesmoreefficient.

M:How?

W:Well,thereisamaterialcalledconiineoxide.It'sareallygoodinsulator.Andathickcoatofitgetsprayedoncertainpartoftheengine.

M:Aninsulator?

W:Well,yeah.Actually,whatitdoesisreflectbacktheheatofburningfuel.Sothefuelwillburnmuchhotterandburnupmorecompletely.

M:Soalotlessunburnedfuelcomesouttopollutetheair,right?

W:Yeah,andthebuswillneedlessfuel.Sowiththesavingsonfueloilcosts,theysaythiswillallpayforitselfinjustsixmonths.

M:Soundslikepeopleshouldallgooutandgetsomeofthisstufftosprayontheircarengines.

W:Well,it'snotreallythateasy.Yousee,normally,thematerialsarefinepowder.Tomeltitsoyoucansprayacoatofitontheengineparts,youfirsthavetoheatitover10,000degreesandthen,well,yougettheidea.It'snotsomethingyouorIwouldbeabletodoourselves.

(23)

A.Anewfuelforbuses.

B.Thecausesofairpollution.

C.Careersinenvironmentalengineering.

D.Awaytoimprovefuelefficiencyinbuses.

30.听力原文：M:What'tthematter?You'yebeensittingthereforagesjuststaringintothespace.

W:ItoldtheBrowningsI'dsendthemapostcard.NowIdon'tknowwhattosay.

Q:Whatisthewomandoing?

(15)

A.VisitingtheBrownings.

B.Writingapostcard.

C.Lookingforapostcard.

D.Fillinginaform.

31.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Four-year-oldchildrenarebeingtestedfortheirabilitytorecognizesimplewordsandlettersinthealphabet.Theyarealsobeingtestedfortheirskillswithnumbers.FederaleducationofficialssaythetestwillhelptheHeadStartprogramimprove.Theofficialswillcomparetheperformanceofthechildrenagainstnationalaveragesinearlyarithmetic,marlingandwriting.

Localnon-profitorganizationsoperatetheprograms.Thegovernmentspendsmorethansix-and-a-halfthousand-milliondollarsayeartopayforHeadStart.

Federalofficialssayclosetoamillionchildrenthroughoutthecountrytakepartintheprograms.

WadeHornleadstheHeadStartprogramforthegovernment.MisterHornsaysthetestisdesignedtolearnwhichkindsofprogramshelpchildrenthemost.

TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesreleasedareportonHeadStartinJune.TheagencycomparedHeadStartchildrenwithchildrenfromaverage,middle-incomefamilies.ItsaidtheHeadStartchildrenarenotasreadyforschoolastheothers.ButsomeeducatorscriticizetheideathatoneyearinHeadStartcouldraisepoorchildrentoaveragelevels.Somealsocriticizepartsofthetest.Forexample,criticsnotethatthechildrenareaskedtopointtoapictureofa"swamp."Theysayalotofchildren,especiallyfromcities,mightnotknowthataswampisawetlandareawithgrass.

Still,evensomeeducatorswhoopposethetestagreewithfederalofficialsthatHeadStartneedstodobettertopreparechildrenforschool.Currently,localprogramsdecidewhattheywanttoteach.Manyhaveplacedmajorimportanceonhealth,nutritionandsocialdevelopment.Inrecentyears,federalmanagersofHeadStarthavebeentellingprogramstoplacemoreimportanceonbasicskillsneededforschool.

Four-year-oldchildrenambeingtestedfortheirabilitytorecognizesimplewordsandlettersinthe【B1】______.Theyarealsobeingtestedfortheirskillswithnumbers.FederaleducationofficialssaythetestwillhelptheHeadStartprogram【B2】______.Theofficialswillcomparethe【B3】______ofthechildrenagainstnational【B4】______inearlyarithmetic,readingandwriting.

Localnon-profitorganizations【B5】______theprograms.Thegovernmentspendsmorethansix-and-a-halfthousand-milliondollarsayeartopayforHeadStart.

Federalofficialssayclosetoamillionchildren【B6】______thecountrytakepartintheprograms.

WadeHornleadstheHeadStartprogramforthegovernment.MisterHornsaysthetestis【B7】______tolearnwhichkindsofprogramshelpchildrenthemost.

TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices【B8】______areportonHeadStartinJune.【B9】____________________.ItsaidtheHeadStartchildrenarenotasreadyforschoolastheothers.ButsomeeducatorscriticizetheideathatoneyearinHeadStartcouldraisepoorchildrentoaveragelevels.Somealsocriticizepartsofthetest.Forexample,criticsnotethatthechildrenareaskedtopointtoapictureofa"swamp."【B10】_________________________.

Still,evensomeeducatorswhoopposethetestagreewithfederalofficialsthatHeadStartneedstodobettertopreparechildrenforschool.Currently,localprogramsdecidewhattheywanttoteach.Manyhaveplacedmajorimportanceonhea

32.

【B8】

33.(28)

A.Wecandowithoutrailways.

B.Trainshavemuchincommonwithmotorcarsandplanes.

C.Motorcarsandplanesarenotasgoodastrains.

D.Trainsareasgoodasmotorcarsandplanes.

34.(34)

A.AwarbetweenBritainandtheUnitedStates.

B.AsmallbattlebetweentheAmericanandtheBritishtroops.

C.TalksbetweenGeneralScottandtheBritishGovernor.

D.AmeetingofGriffinandCulter.

35.(25)

A.Becausehewantstocollectinformationabouttheshoppers.

B.Becausepeopleintheshoppingmallhavetimetoanswerhisquestions.

C.Becausepeopleintheshoppingmallaremoreexperiencedthanstudents.

D.Becausehecanfindvariousrespondentsintheshoppingmall.

36.(21)

A.Itistough.

B.Someonewashurtbyit.

C.Moved.

D.Therewerenocowsthen.

37.【B9】

38.

【B5】

39.听力原文：IwillneverforgetthegreetingthatmyfamilyreceivedinIraninthespringof1986.Myfather,Iranianbybirth,tookmymother,anativeWashingtonian,mytwobrothersandme,agedtwo,four,andfiverespectively,toliveinTehranwherehehadjustacceptedemployment.ShowersofhugsandkissesdescendeduponusfromrelativeswhomIhadnevermet.

DuringourtimeinIran,wespentagreatdealoftimewithourrelativesandfriends.ThefamilyunitformsasignificantpartofIranlife,perhapsbecausethereweresofewmaterialpossessionsformostofthem.Throughmyrelatives,Iexperiencedoverwhelmingaffection,truecaring,andunceasinggenerosity.Althoughtheirhousesweresmallandtheirworkwasburdensome,therewasalwaystimetoprepareenormousmealsandthespacetomakealltheirrelativescomfortable.Tothemnothingwasmoreimportantthanbeingsurroundedbythepeopletheylovedandwholovedthem.BecauseofmyyouthinIran,asayoungwomanabouttoleavehometogotocollegeIcannowappreciatethesupportsystemwithwhichmyfamilyhasprovidedme.Theyhavegivenmeconfidenceandstability.Ihavelearnedtocherishtheirpresenceandthelovethattheyhavealwaysgivenme.IrantaughtmetobethankfulforwhatIam,andnotforwhatIhave.ThatjoyfulandfatalisticacceptanceofwhateverlifeholdswhichIfoundinIranhasshapedmeintothepersonIamtoday.TheIranianpeople,theirunqualifiedandunselfishgenerosity,theiroptimism,andtheirjoyforlifewillalwaysremainapartofme.Iwillneverforgetmyeightyearsinmyfather'scountry,whichwillalwaysbemineaswell.

(33)

A.Attheageoftwo.

B.Attheageoffour.

C.Attheageoffive.

D.Attheageofeight.

40.(43)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Whatisthereasonforthefactthatmessagesaremorecrediblethanads?

42.Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe______.

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkers

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmenterasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglowwageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

43.

WelearnfromHans'storythat________isveryimportantinobservation.

44.

【C6】

45.

Intheeyesoftheauthor,thesolutiontakenbytheparents______.

A.isnotsofruitful

B.seemseffective

C.needstesting

D.isdirectedbygovernmentdrugabuseagencies

46.

Howdodoctorscommentontheproposal?

A.Itmaydamagedoctor-patientrelationship.

B.Thereisnocontroversyonthisissue.

C.Itisdefectiveandsomewhatunreasonable.

D.Doctorswilltendtobeinvolvedinmoremedicalcases.

47.Lifeonearthdependsonwater,andthereisnosubstituteforit.Thecurrentassumptionisthatourbasicneedsforwater-whetherfordrinking,agriculture,industryortheraisingoffish-willalwayshavetobemet.Giventhatpremise,therearetwobasicrouteswecango:moreequitable(平衡的)accesstowaterormoredrasticengineeringsolutions.

Lookingattheengineeringsolutionfirst,alotofmyresearchconcentratesonwhathappenstowetlandswhenyoubuilddamsinriverbasins,particularlyinAfrica.Theecologyofsuchareasisalmostentirelydrivenbytheseasonalregimeoftheriver—thepulseofthewater.Andthefactisthatifyoubuildadam,yougenerallywreckthedownstreamecology.Inthepast,suchproblemshavebeenhiddenbyalackofinformation.Butinthiscentury,governmentswillhavenoexcusefortheirignorance.

Theengineers'abilitytocontrolwaterflowshascreatednewkindsofunpredictabilitytoo.DamsinAfricahavemeantfewerfish,lessgrazingandlessfloodplain(泛滥平原)agriculture,noneofwhichwereanticipated.Andtheiraverageeconomiclifeisassumedtobethirtyyears.Damsdon'texistforever,butwhatwillreplacethemisnotclear.

Thechallengeforthenextdecadeistofindnewmeansofcontrollingwater.AlthoughGMtechnologywillallowustobreedbetterdry-landcrops,thereisnomarketincentiveforcompaniestodevelopcropssuitableforthemicro-climatesoftheSahelandelsewhereinAfrica.WhoisgoingtopayforresearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorld?

Thisbringsustothekeyissueinanydiscussionofwater:money.Totalkaboutawatercrisiscoversdifficultproblemssuchaspoverty.InthenextdecadeeveryhouseholdinBritainwillhaveawatermeter,andwewillpayforwhatweusejustaswedoforgasorelectricity.ThatcanberesolvedandasimilarsystemwilleventuallybeadoptedacrossEuropeandtheUS.ButconsidertheproblemsofwatersupplyinMexicoCityorDelhi.Ifyou'rerich,youdrinkmineralwaterandmayevenhaveaswimming-pool—yetmillionsinsuchcitiescan'tgetsafedrinkingwater.Thereisacomingwatercrisiswhichisoneforthepoor.

Theword"premise"(Para.1)probablymeans"______".

A.assumptionB.promiseC.needD.crisis

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thevalueofchildhoodiseasilyblurredintoday'sworld.Considersomerecentdevelopments:thechild-murderersintheJonesboro.schoolyardshootingcasewereconvictedandsentenced.Twoboys,7and8,werechargedinthemurderofanIl-year-oldgirlinChicago.

Childrenwhocommithorriblecrimesappeartoactoftheirownwill.Yet,aslegalproceedingsinJonesboroshowed,theoneboywhowasabletoaddressthecourtcouldn'tbegintoexplainhisacts,thoughhetriedtoapologize.Theremayhavebeenamotive-youthfuljealousyandresentment.Butadeeperquestionremains;whydidtheseboysandothersinsimilartroubleapparentlylackanyinner,moralrestraint?

ThatquestionechoesfortheaccusedinChicago,youngastheyare.Theywantedtheglrl'sbicycle,aselfishimpulsecommonenoughamongkids.

Redemptionisapracticalnecessity.Howcanvalueberestoredtoyounglivesdistortedbyactsofviolence?TheboysinJonesboroandinChicagowillbeconfinedininstitutionsforarelativelyshorttime.Despitehorroratwhatwasdone,childrenarenot--cannotbe--dealtwithasadults,notifapersonwantstoconsiderhimselfcivilized.That'swhypoliticians'criesforadulttreatmentofyouthfulcriminalsultimatelymissthepoint.

Butthemoralvoidthatinvitesviolencehasmanysources.Familyinstabilitycontributes.Sodoeseconomicstress.Thatvoid,however,canbefilled.Theworkstartswithparents,whohavetoaskthemselveswhetherthey'redoingenoughtogivetheirchildrenafirmsenseofrightandwrong.Aretheyreallymonitoringtheiractivitiesandtheirdevelopingprocessesofthought?

Sch