远航英语之高中英语语法通霸2023第四章 句子结构及成分

句子结构及成分陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句句子按用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：表示命令或者请求.又叫无主句，主语通常为you,省略.Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：how后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.Howclevertheboyis!Whatacleverboyheis!简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.（划线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.3）复合句：复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系，而不是从属关系）。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。Itiswrong.（只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）Whathesaidiswrong.

（whathesaid,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾语。Whathesaidiswrong.是另外一个主谓结构。Whathesaid作主语，iswrong系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。Whathesaid是名词性从句作主语）。Theboyoverthereismybrother.（只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）Theboywhoiswearingahatismybrother.

（Theboyismybrother.是一个主谓结构whoiswearingahat也是一个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语theboy的定语。因此本句是复合句。）Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatsix.（只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecamein.（Iwasdoingmyhomework是一个主谓结构，hecamein也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。练习：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.11.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.12.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.13.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.14.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat15.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.答案：1.简单句2.复合句,TheboyiscalledTom是一个主谓结构whoofferedmehisseat也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句，作前一个主谓结构中主语theboy的定语。3.简单句，反义疑问句4.简单句，mybrotherandI是并列主语，后面gotoschool和comeback为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓结构。5.并列句6.含有时间状语从句的复合句。7.并列句8.复合句，whathesaid也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句作主语。9.简单句，只有一个主谓结构。10.简单句，前面为并列主语。11.and连接的并列句12.由so连接的并列句13.简单句14.but连接前后为并列句，但后面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句。15.含有让步状语从句的复合句。考点：两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and,so,but,等并列连词或用分号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。如：IlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.×IlikeEnglishandmyEnglishisverygood.√AsIlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.√Ihaveahouse,itswindowsareverybig.×Ihaveahouseanditswindowsareverybig.√Ihaveahouse,whosewindowsareverybig.√练习：参看定语从句关系词的选择P1376句子成分现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：除主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）之外还有表语（predicative）（同位语）。许国璋英语中划句子成分的符号主语在下面划一直线谓语在下面划曲线宾语在下面划双横线定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，钉谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。可由1.名词、2.代词、3.数词、4.名词化的形容词（如therich）5.不定式、6.动名词、7.主语从句等表示。练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue答案：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.(主语从句，that不能省略)练习2.改错Doexerciseeverydayisgoodforyourhealth.Thatwhathesaidisn’ttrue.Hecamelatemadehisteacherangry.Onthedeskistwobooks.答案：1）do改为doing,用动名词作主语。2）去掉that,what本身都有连接作用。3）在he前加That,主语从句中that不能省。也可改为Hiscominglate,用动名词的复合结构作主语。4）is改为are,介词短语不能作主语，本句是倒装句。谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.Iwouldstayathomeallday.（2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：Wearestudents.Yourideasoundsgreat.在一般现在时中要注意动词第三人称单数当主语是复数时（不止一个人），后面用动词原形。当主语是一个人，并且不是I和you，谓语要用第三人称单数，也就是在后面加-s,-esWe/You(你们)/They____(go)toschooleveryday.TomandMike____(go)toschooleveryday.Hischildren____(go)toschooleveryday.Tom____(go)toschooleveryday.Mybrother____(go)toschooleveryday.Yoursister____(go)toschooleveryday.Theirson____(go)toschooleveryday.He/She____(go)toschooleveryday.答案：1-3，go4-8,goes谓语中要有动词，因此形容词前面要加上系动词才能作谓语。如：Ourschoolverybeautifulandwelikeitverymuch.×Ourschoolisverybeautifulandwelikeitverymuch.√ThefooddeliciousandIatealot.×ThefoodwasdeliciousandIatealot.√在复合谓语中，情态动词和助动词,如：will,shall,would,should,can,maymust,could,might,还有hadto,hadbetter,usedto,wouldrather等，都没有人称和数的变化，后面用动词原形。Shemightstayedathome.×Shemightstayathome.√Hemustcomes.×Hemustcome.√进行时是be+doing,不要把be遗忘了Itrainingheavily.×Itwasrainingheavily.√Theyplantingtreesonthefarm.×Theywereplantingtreesonthefarm.√表语：表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。划出下列句中的表语,并说明有什么充当。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone?HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.答案：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.（介词短语）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）宾语：宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,划出下列句中的宾语,并说明有什么充当。Theyplanedmanytreesyesterday.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Iwantedtobuyacar.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.答案：Theyplanedmanytreesyesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Iwantedtobuyacar.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。用线划出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.答案：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.(过去分词短语)主补：对主语的补充。（含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor. Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）,定语通常置后。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(important修饰something,却放在后面)Thereisnothinginterestinginthebook.（interesting修饰nothing）副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。Peoplethereareveryfriendly.(那儿的人们)Hewentuptoapolicemandownstairs.（楼下的警察）单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后Thenextmanisascientist.Themannexttomeisascientist.（我旁边的那个人）Theshopclosesttomyhouseisaboutonekilometeraway.（距我家最近的那个商店）介词短语作定语时要后置TheboyunderthetreeisTom.（树下的那个男孩）ThetallestboyinourclassisJohn.（我们班最高的那个男孩）名词作定语一般用单数，但当woman,man作定语且后面名词为复数时，womanman也要用复数boystudents,appletrees,mendoctors,womennurses动词不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语作定语要后置（参看P104非谓语作定语部分）Ihavesomethingtosay.(直译：我有要说的话)Theboycryingoverthereismyclassmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）Thehousebuiltlastyearisimpressive.（去年建的那座房子）动名词、现在分词作定语时的区别(参看P106非谓语部分)Thisisaswimmingpool.(动名词作定语，表功能)Thesleepingboyisonlyfive.（现在分词作定语，表正在进行）Else,别的，其它的，通常放在不定代词和疑问词后作后置定语Whoelsedoyouknow?Somebodyelsemighthavetakenitaway.Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?

A.WhereelseB.Whereplaceelse

C.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhereenough修饰名词可前置或后置,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。Nearby可作形容词、副词，因此修饰名词时也可前置或后置1)Ihaven’tgotenoughmoney.Ican’taffordit.（形容词作定语）2)Wehavetimeenoughtodothework.（形容词短语作定语）3)Youcan’tbecarefulenough.(副词作状语)3)Ifyouareintrouble,askapolicemannearbyforhelp.（副词作定语）=Ifyouareintrouble,askanearbypolicemanforhelp.（形容词作定语）用划出下列句中的定语，并指出是什么词性或结构充当的Tomisahandsomeboy.HisboyneedsTom'spen.TheboyinblueisTom.Theboyneedsaballpen.Theboythereneedsapen.Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.Therearefiveboysleft.Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.TheboyyouwillknowisTom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.答案：Tomisahandsomeboy.（形容词作定语）HisboyneedsTom'spen.(His物主代词Tom’s名词所有格,作定语：)TheboyinblueisTom.(介词短语作后置定语)Theboyneedsaballpen.（名词作定语）Theboythereneedsapen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。副词作后置定语）Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.（要写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。不定式作定语）Thereisnothingtodotoday.（不定式todo作nothing的定语）Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.（那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。现在分词smiling作定语,后面过去分词短语作定语）Therearefiveboysleft.（有五个留下的男孩，数词和过去分词）Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.（那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。定语从句）TheboyyouwillknowisTom.（你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。定语从句）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词，介词短语）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（关于如何学英语的文章，介词短语作后置定语）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（进教室的第一个，不定式短语作后置定语）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（他在英语方面的快速进步，物主代词、形容词作定语，介词短语作后置定语）Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（数词、名词作定语）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。可由以下形式表示：Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.(写地认真，走地慢，修饰动词用副词)Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.（修饰形容词用副词）Herunsveryslowly.（修饰副词slowly,因此very是副词）Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.（修饰整个句子用副词）形容词、副词的选择修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词，作状语作定语、表语和补语时一般用形容词可简单的归结为：形修名，作表、定；副作状，修饰副、形动Heiscareful.（作表语，用形容词）Heisacarefulboy.（作定语，用形容词）练习:参看形容词和副词部分P55考点17几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.Ifoundalostpenoutsideourschoolyesterdaymorning.频度副词如often、always、usually等在be及助动词动词后,行为动词前。Heisoftenlate.Heisalwayshelpingothers.Heoftencamelate.副词按意义分类在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步一.方式副词suddenly突然地

rapidly迅速地warmly热烈地

successfully成功地quickly很快地

carefully仔细地proudly骄傲地

angrily愤怒地二.地点、方向副词here

这里

there

那里outside

在外

inside

在内away

远离

straight

径直地upstairs上楼

backwards

向后三.时间副词now

现在

then

当时soon

不久

still

依然tomorrow

在明天

yesterday

在昨天already

已经

yet仍四.频度副词（又称：频率副词）always

总是

usually

通常frequently

频繁地

often

经常sometimes

有时

seldom

很少，不常rarely

罕有地

never

从不五.程度副词very

非常

quite

十分too

太

pretty

相当rather稍微

extremely极端地almost几乎

nearly

几乎练习：指出下列划线部分属于什么状语Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.Theboyreallyneedsapen.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.Iamtallerthanheis.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.答案：1.（时间状语）2.（地点状语）3.（原因状语）4.（方式状语）5.（伴随状语）6.（目的状语）7.（目的状语）8.（程度状语）9.（程度状语）10.（结果状语）11.（让步状语）12.（比较状语）13.（条件状语）14.(时间状语，地点状语)15.（原因状语）同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）It’sgoodtousstudents.1．Theyoungman,___,worksintheoffice.A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me2.OurEnglishteacher,___oftenhelpsuswithstudy.

A.Mrs.WangB.Mrs.WangsC.Mrs.Wang's.D.ofhim3.___,somerailwayworkers,arebusyrepairingthetrain.

A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Theirs(答案：B,A,C)独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.简单句的五种基本结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有：act,come,go,work,last,fall,cry,disappear,appear,smile,rise,ring，live,look,listen,laugh,hurry,talk,sleep,retire,graduate,die,care,agree,,jump,fail,wait,succeed,stay,sit,lie,shine,happen,takeplace,rain,snow,ect.如:Itisrainingnow.(ＳＶ)We'veworkedfor5hours.(ＳＶ)Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(ＳＶ)Timeflies.(ＳＶ)分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种Darkcloudshungoverhead.()Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()Heissmilingalloverhisface.()IdidwellinEnglish.()Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()答案：Darkcloudshungoverhead.(SV)Graduallyasmileappearedonherface..(SV)Heissmilingalloverhisface..(SV)IdidwellinEnglish..(SV)Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday..(SV)基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）系动词主要是be.但还有一些动词在有些时候也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。常见的半系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound等；（2）表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand等；（3）表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语Heisastudent.(ＳＶＰ)Yourideasoundsgreat.(ＳＶＰ)分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种,并写出该句的系动词。Hisadviceprovedright.()Theshopstaysopentill8o’clock.()Themachinewentwrong.()Alltheseeffortsseeminvain.()Thesewordssoundreasonable.()Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.()Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.()Hefellillyesterday.()Treesturngreeninspring.()Whatyousaidsoundsgreat.()答案：Hisadviceprovedright.（SVP,proved）Theshopstaysopentill8o’clock.（SVP,stays）Themachinewentwrong.（SVP,went）Alltheseeffortsseeminvain（SVP,seem）Thesewordssoundreasonable.（SVP,sound）Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.（SVP,became）Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.（SVP,getting）Hefellillyesterday.（SVP,fell）Treesturngreeninspring.（SVP,turn）Whatyousaidsoundsgreat.（SVP,sound）基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the+形容词、分词以及从句等。如，ShelikesEnglish.Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmyesterday.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework..()PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.()Jimcannotdresshimself.()AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.()Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()答案：Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework..(SVO)PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.(SVO)Jimcannotdresshimself.(SVO)AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.(SVO)Hedidnotknowwhattosay.(SVO)基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：Hegivemeacupoftea.(ＳＶｏＯ)强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+代词直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：Bringittome,please.(不能说Bringmeit,please。)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：（需借助to的）allow,bring,deny,do(带来）,give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等（需借助for的）bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，save,sing,spare等HesentmeanEnglish-ChineseDictionary.=HesentanEnglish-ChineseDictionarytome.ShegaveJohnabook．=Sheboughtabookforme.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.()2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.()3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.()4.Hedenieshernothing.()5.Ishowedhimmypictures.()6.Igavemycarawash.()7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.()8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.()答案：1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.(SVoO)2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.(SVoO)3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.(SVoO)4.Hedenieshernothing.(SVoO)5.Ishowedhimmypictures.(SVoO)6.Igavemycarawash.(SVoO)7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.(SVoO)8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.(SVoO)基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。Thewarmadehimasoldier.（ＳＶＯＣ他成为一个士兵，构成逻辑上的主谓关系）Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.（ＳＶＯＣ）Ioftenfindhimatwork.（ＳＶＯＣ）Theteacheraskedthestudentstoclosethewindows.（ＳＶＯＣ）Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.分析下列句子划分成分，在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种,并指出是什么充当句子的宾语补足语1.Theyappointedhimmanager.（）2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.（）3.Hepushedthedooropen.（）4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.（）5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?（）6.Wesawhimout.（）7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.（）8.Isawthemgettingonthebus.（）9.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（）10.I’llhavemybikerepaired.（）11.Weelectedhimmonitor.（）12.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（）答案:1.Theyappointedhimmanager.（SVOC,名词）2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.（SVOC,形容词）3.Hepushedthedooropen.（SVOC,形容词）4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.（SVOC,形容词）5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?（SVOC,省略to的不定式）6.Wesawhimout.（SVOC,副词）7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.（SVOC,动词不定式）8.Isawthemgettingonthebus.（SVOC,现在分词）9.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（SVOC,名词）10.I’llhavemybikerepaired.（SVOC,过去分词）11.Weelectedhimmonitor.（SVOC,名词）12.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（SVOC,现在分词）6.Therebe句型此句型是由there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有

thereis/are…

过去有

therewas/were…

将来有

therewillbe…/thereis/aregoingtobe...

现在已经有

therehas/havebeen…

可能有

theremightbe...

肯定有

theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...

过去一直有

thereusedtobe…

似乎有

thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有

therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…

此句型有时可用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等词代替be动词。Eg.Therelivedanoldmanatthefootofthemountain.Therecameashoutfor"help".Theremusthavebeenavillagehere.Thereliesabookonthedesk.Therestandsatreeonthehill.Therebe与have的区别Therebe…某地有某物，某时有某事have表示某人拥有某物。且记：没有therehasabookonthedesk.Therehasameetingthisevening.这样的表达方法练习：翻译下来句子1.我有许多好朋友。2.今天晚上将有一场电影。3.公园内有许多人。4.树上有许多小鸟。5.一条狗有四条腿和一个尾巴。答案:Ihavemanyfriends.2.Thereisgoingtobeafilmtonight.Therearealotofpeopleinthepark.4.Therearelotsofbirdsinthetree.5.Adoghadfourlegsandatail.练习：划分句子成分练习分析下列句子成分，在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.Wherehewasburiedremainedunknown.Whathesaidprovedtrue.Wemustkeepquiet.Theshopstayedopenuntileleven.Sheappearedyoungerthanshereallywas.Hisfacewentred.Hefellilllastweek.ThecakeIateyesterdaytastedelicious.从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，____,________,_______,________,________,________,_________,________,_______,________等，它们后面一般跟______词作表语。答案:Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.(SVP)Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.(SVP)Hisjobistotrainswimmers.(SVP)Wherehewasburiedremainedunknown.(SVP)Whathesaidprovedtrue.(SVP)Wemustkeepquiet.(SVP)Theshopstayedopenuntileleven.(SVP)Sheappearedyoungerthanshereallywas.(SVP)Hisfacewentred.(SVP)Hefellilllastweek.(SVP)ThecakeIateyesterdaytastedelicious.(SVP)Turn,feel,be,remain,prove,keep,stay,appear,go,fall,taste形容词分析下列句子成分，在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。Itisveryplaintomethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.Thechairmanthought

itnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.Shemadeitherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.

Idon'tthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork．Hemadeitknowntohisfriendsthathedidn’twanttoenterpolitics.Ileaveittoyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和形式宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是____________或___________,放在后面。答案:Itisveryplaintomethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.（SVP）ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.（SVP）Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.（SVO）Thechairmanthought

itnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.（SVOC）Shemadeitherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.

（SVOC）Idon'tthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork．（SVOC）Hemadeitknowntohisfriendsthathedidn’twanttoenterpolitics.（SVOC）Ileaveittoyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.（SVO）It,动词不定式，名词性从句（一般由that引导且不能省略，也有其它引导的）分析下列句子成分，在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。Comradesinhergroupoftenhelpherwithgrammar.Thewomenontheleftaremakingshirtsfortheneighbors.TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.Afterthethirdperiodthereisalongbreakforrestandexercise.Anymanwithalittlesensecanseethatheisexactlylikearope.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Thereislittletimeleft.Therewerefewpeoplepresentatthemeeting.OncetherelivedakingwhosenamewasMidas.ThefilmwesawlastnightwasabouttheWarofLiberation.Thehousethatstandsatthefootofthehillisarest-homefortheworkers.Hetoldusastory,whichmovedmanyofustotears.ThefirstthingIdugupwasapieceofwhitecloth.Thenthegreatdaycamewhenhewastomarchpastthepalaceintheteam.从上面我们可以看出，____________,___________,__________和_______作定语时常后置。答案:Comradesinhergroupoftenhelpherwithgrammar.(SVO)Thewomenontheleftaremakingshirtsfortheneighbors.(SVO)TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.(SVP)Afterthethirdperiodthereisalongbreakforrestandexercise.(therebe)Anymanwithalittlesensecanseethatheisexactlylikearope.(SVO)PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.(SVO)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.(SVP)Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.(SVO)Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.(SV)Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.(SVO)Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.(SVO)It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.(SVP)It’sacityfarfromthecoast.(SVP)Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.(SVO)Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.(SVO)Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?(SVO)Thereislittletimeleft.(therebe)Therewerefewpeoplepresentatthemeeting.(therebe)OncetherelivedakingwhosenamewasMidas.（therebe）ThefilmwesawlastnightwasabouttheWarofLiberation.(SVP)Thehousethatstandsatthefootofthehillisarest-homefortheworkers..(SVP)Hetoldusastory