高考英语必看之-知语法识结构网络图-五星

从概貌着眼高中英语知识结构网络图朝细节入手向运用延伸湖南湘乡三中高三英语组周洪敦6/5/20231.词汇量：3500多单词300短语四会词语：2000多单词11.构词法12.简单句13.并列句14.复合句词类1.冠词和名词（2093个）动词（818个）8.代词和数词9.介词和连词10.形容词和副词4.非谓语动词5.动词时态7.情态动词15.定语从句16.名词性从句17.状语从句高中英语语言知识语言运用100—110wpm短对话，长对话，短文教材/《空中英语》20—30mpd《疯狂英语》

《希望英语》1.书虫（50本）《21世纪报Teens》2.每天三篇300字左右的高考阅读训练1.课外阅读量TW:300,0002.50—60wpm(300w/8m)18虚拟语气100—120w记叙文应用文议论文等背诵经典句型；每周一篇习作听力口语阅读写作词法句法2.系动词3.助动词实义动词6.动词语态高考要求方法指南高考要求方法指南方法指南方法指南高考要求22.强调20.主谓一致21.倒装23.省略6/5/20232.1.WhenLindawasachild,hermotheralwaysletherhave______bed.a.

thebreakfastinb.thebreakfastinthec.breakfastind.breakfastinthe解析在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，一般不加冠词，如havedinner，playchess。但是如果是指具体的某一顿，需要加冠词。如：Ihadaverybigbreakfast.c冠词和名词6/5/20233.2.Hehaspromisedtogiveup______hundredsoftimes.a.

atobaccob.tobaccoc.thetobaccod.tobaccos解析物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。例如：Mancannotlivewithoutwater.离开水人就无法生存。b冠词和名词6/5/20234.3.______usuallygotochurcheverySunday.a.

TheBrownb.ABrownc.Brownsd.TheBrowns解析用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：theGreens格林一家人（或格林夫妇）。d冠词和名词6/5/20235.4.Hecanplayalmosteverykindofmusicinstrumentbutheisgood______.a.

atthefluteb.atflutec.atafluted.atthatflute用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如：Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。解析a冠词和名词6/5/20236.5.Youlookin___highspirit.Youmusthave______duringyourholiday.a.

a/wonderfultimeb.x/awonderfultimec.a/thewonderfultimed.x/somewonderfultimebb解析inhighspirit固定搭配，不加冠词；awonderfultime指某人在某段时间或某个场合中的经历。冠词和名词6/5/20237.6.Thecityassignedapolicemanto____schoolcrossingbecause______traffictherewassoheavy.a.

the/ab.a/thec.the/thed.a/onecc解析Theschoolcrossing是特指，从thetrafficthere可以看出。冠词和名词6/5/20238.7.Virtueandvicearebeforeyou;______leadsyoutohappiness,______tomisery.a.theformer…latterb.aformer…alatterc.

theformer…thelatterd.former…latter解析theformer,前者,指virtue美德，thelatter，后者,指vice恶习。cc6/5/20239.8.Thechildreninthekinder-gardensoontook______totheirteachers.a.

quitefancyb.aquitefancyc.quiteafancyd.thequitefancy解析Cquite修饰的单数可数名词要前置。Takeafancytosb喜欢某人冠词和名词6/5/202310.9.Iwantanassistantwith______knowledgeofFrenchand______experienceofofficeroutine.a.

the…theb.a…thec.a…and.the…an解析aknowledgeofFrench“了解；熟悉”的意思，此处knowledge为可数名词。anexperienceof泛指某方面的经验。cc冠词和名词6/5/202311.10.Ann’shabitofridingamotorcycleupanddowntheroadearlyinthemorningannoyed____and______theytookhertothecourt.a.

theneighbors/intheendb.neighbors/attheendc.theneighbors/inanendd.neighbors/inendaa解析Ann骑摩托车惹恼了她的邻居，应该是特指。冠词和名词6/5/202312.11.____Chinesepeopleare____braveandhardworkingpeople．a.the/ab.the/thec.x/thed.x/aaa解析定冠词和表示民族的词连用时指“整个民族”。例如：TheEnglishhaveawonderfulsenseofhumour．英国人十分富有幽默感。abravepeople表示一个勇敢的民族。冠词和名词6/5/202313.12.Thatis____phrasetobeused____way．a.a/theb.the/thec.the/thisd.a/thatcc解析当表示“那唯一的”、“那正是”和“那理想的”等意思时，已含“特指”之意，需用定冠词。例：ThatisthepersonIwaslookingfor．那正是我刚才在找的词典。那是可以这样用的唯一的短语。

冠词和名词6/5/202314.13.____horsehasbeenpraisedbymanypoetsas____nobleanimal.a.a/ab.a/thec.the/ad.the/thecc解析这里的thehorse是马的总称，指一类.下面的例句泛指一类，并非某只老虎。例如：Thetigerisindangerofdyingout.冠词和名词6/5/202315.14.Manypeoplearestillin

habbitofwritingsillythingsin

publicplaces.A.the,theB.x,xC.the,xD.x,thecc解析Inthehabbitofdoingsth.是一个短语，特指某方面的习惯；而publicplaces表示泛指，故选C。冠词和名词6/5/202316.15.Sheis

newcomerto

Chemistry,butshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.A.the,theB.the,xC.a,xD.a,theAnewcomer表示她的身份。例如：Sheisaworker.Chemistry为泛指，故选C。解析c

c冠词和名词6/5/202317.16.Howevergood____radioyouhave,youwillnevergetperfectsound.a.theb.ac.thisd.xb解析若修饰名词的形容词受too,so,as,how,however等副词的修饰，则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之间。冠词和名词6/5/202318.17.you’regoingquite____wrongway.Itisquite___goodbook.a.the/theb.a/thec.a/ad.the/add解析不定冠词与副词quite，rather连用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，但其前有形容词时，则a/an放在quite/rather之前或之后都可以。例如：Heisratherafool.冠词和名词6/5/202319.18.①Iknowboth____brothers.②All___childrenhavegonehome.③Yourhouseistwice____sizeofmine.thethe

the解析与both/all/half/twice等连用时，冠词常置于其后.冠词和名词6/5/202320.19.①SoonIsaw____secondplane.②Iwanttoreadthenovel____thirdtime.aa解析1.a/an用于序数词之前,表示数量或序数的增加,但是：HewenttoBeijingforthesecondtimein1989.冠词和名词6/5/202321.20.IhavetwofavoriteplacesinChina,SanyaandShanghai.SanyainHainanhas____mostbeautifulbeachesIhaveeverseen.Shanghaiis____mostenergeticandexcitingcity.a.the/ab.a/thec.the/thed.a/aaa解析themostbeautiful…特指；amostenergetic=averyenergetic…冠词和名词6/5/202322.21.①____old____morelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.②____beautiful____notalwaysthesameasthegood.The

areThe

is“the+形容词”表一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。表一类物，作主语时，谓语用单数解析冠词和名词6/5/202323.22.Hemovedtothesouthin_________seventies.thehis/the用于逢整十的数词的复数前，指世纪中的年代；而hisorher等表示年龄。解析冠词和名词6/5/202324.用于“hit+sb+介词+the+身体部位”及“catch/hold/takesbbythe+身体部位”。eg①“他打了我的脸”，不能说Hehitmyface，而应说：Hehitmeintheface.23.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?Ihithisface.Icaughthimbythecollar.Isawaboyleadingacowbythenose.冠词和名词6/5/202325.24.①Heispaidby___hour.他拿计时工资。②Theeggsissoldby___dozen.the

the

表示计算单位，用the,主要用于bythe十计量单位，含有a/each/per的意义解析冠词和名词6/5/202326.注1：关于湖泊前是否用冠词，分两种情况，①中国的湖名在英译时，常加the.eg。TheWestLake，theDongtingLake。②外国的湖名前，多数不加定冠词，少数加，视情况而定，主要是习惯用法。Eg。LakeSuccess成功湖。TheLakeofGeneva日内瓦湖注2：山名的构成有两种方式：①若用于“山名+Mountains”，前常用the，eg.TheJinggangMountains。②若用于“Mount/Mt+山名”，其前不用冠词，eg.MtTai。另外，若不出现mountain一词时，则常用the，eg，theAlps,阿尔卑斯山。冠词和名词6/5/202327.12.the用于由普通名词构成（或含有普通名词）的专有名词，如国名、地名、政党、团体、组织机构以及旅馆、商店、学校、文娱场地、建筑物等之前，eg。TheUnitedNations.ThePeaceHotel.TheRedCrossHospital,theFriendshipStore.ThePeople＇sRepublicofChina.TheNationalPeople’sCongress.全国人民代表大会注1：对于以地名命名的大学，有两种形式，egtheUniversityofLondon/LondonUniversity.2.对于人名命名的大学，则不用冠词，eg。YaleUniversity耶鲁大学，BrownUniversity布朗大学。冠词和名词6/5/202328.1.(2005湖)Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft______city,Ionlyrememberitwas

_____

Monday.A.the,theB.a,theC.a,aD.the,aD2.(2004’湖)Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying

word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak

silence.

A.the,aB.a,theC.a,xD.the,xB冠词和名词6/5/202329.3.Thesignreads“Incaseof

fire,breaktheglassandpush___redbutton”(2003’)A.x,aB.x,theC.the,theD.a,aB4.Jumpingoutof

airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite__excitingexperience.(2002’)A.x,theB.x,anC.an,anD.the,theC冠词和名词6/5/202330.5.(1999’)Papermoneywasin

useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin

thirteenthcentury.A.the,xB.the,theC.x,theD.x,xC6.(2000’)Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith

animalsof_____differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A.the,aB.x,aC.the,theD.x,theB冠词和名词6/5/202331.7.Peterwon’tdriveustothestation.Hehas

todriveusallA.averysmallcarB.toosmallacarC.atoosmallcarD.suchasmallcar.

B8.IoftenhaveconversationswithJohnover____

telephone,whilekeepintouchwithTomby___letter.A.x,theB.x,aC.the,xD.the,aC冠词和名词6/5/202332.9.

Englandofthoseyearswas

Englandinpeace.A.x,xB.The,anC.The,xD.x,anB10.Icouldn’tremembertheexactdateofthestorm,butIknewitwas

Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat

church.A.a,theB.a,xC.x,aD.x,xB11.Inthemarket,vegetablesaresoldby

kilogram,Imean,by___

weight.A.the,xB.x,xC.the,theD.x,theA冠词和名词6/5/202333.12.-“Whatabout

school?”-“Itisasgood,asanybodycansee,

schoolastheoneattachedtoHunanNormalUniversity.”A.a,theB.the,aC.a,aD.the,the13.Thecakesaredelicious,I’dliketohave_____thirdoneas_____secondoneIatewastoosmall.A.the,theB.a,theC.the,aD.a,aBB冠词和名词6/5/202334.名词专有名词(ProperNouns)普通名词(CommonNouns)个体名词(IndividualNouns)集体名词(CollectiveNouns)物质名词(MaterialNouns)抽象名词(AbstractNouns)不可数名词(UncountableNouns)可数名词(CountableNouns)冠词和名词6/5/202335.ProperNouns:指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYear’sDay注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写冠词和名词6/5/202336. CommonNouns：专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词1。IndividualNouns:

指作为个体而存在的人或东西。可以指具体的人或物。Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments也可指抽象东西。Eg:ayear;fairytales;adream冠词和名词6/5/202337.2.CollectiveNouns:

表示由个体组成的集体。Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。Eg:Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.Cf:Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。Eg:Theaudiencewas(were)excitedbytheshow.冠词和名词6/5/202338.有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg:Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个别集体名词则多作复数看待。Eg:Thepolicearelookingforhim.冠词和名词6/5/202339.3.

MaterialNouns:指无法分为个体的东西。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg:Twostrongblackcoffees,please.

(两份）Threebeers,please.

(三杯）Itwasaspecialtea.

(一种）2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg:rains（雨季）snows(积雪）waters(海域)…（seenotepaper)冠词和名词6/5/202340.4.AbstractNouns:表示一些抽象的概念。Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。Eg:He’slearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.有时也可以加冠词。Heworkshardforthewelfareofthepoor.

Afterabriefpeace,warbrokeoutagain.冠词和名词6/5/202341.有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass(玻璃)copper(铜)tin(锡)paper(纸)iron(铁)wood(木头)gold(金子)youth(青春)power(力量)beauty(美)pleasure(愉快)relation(关系）aglass(玻璃杯)acopper(铜币／板)atin(罐头，听头)apaper(报纸，证件，论文)aniron(熨斗)awood(树林)agold(金牌)ayouth(年青人)apower(大国)abeauty(美人，美的东西)apleasure(使人感到愉快的事)arelation(亲戚）6/5/202342.

英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。apoem(一首诗)amachine(一台机器)ajob(一件工作)alaugh(一个笑声)apermit(许可证)agarment(一件衣裳)abag(case)(一件行李)aloaf(一只面包)ahair(一根头发)poetry(诗歌总称)machinery(机器总称)work(工作)laughter(笑声)permission(允许)clothing(衣裳总称)luggage,baggage(行李)bread(面包)hair(头发)冠词和名词6/5/202343.名词复数情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音＋y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishes*1Ladies;countries;*2Heroes;tomatoes*3Halves;leaves;*46/5/202344.Notes:*1:stomachstomachs*2:以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s.Eg:boys;toys;Germanys;Henrys*3:以元音+oeg:videos;studios以oo结尾eg:zoos;bamboos;kangaroos一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词)eg:pianos一些缩写词eg:kilos;photos;memos一些专有名词eg:Eskimos;Filipinos直接在词尾加-s.*4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词：proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefs6/5/202345.不规则复数：1.manmenEg:woman–women;chairman-chairmen2.ooeeEg:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese3.+enEg:child-children;ox-oxen4.ouseiceEg:mouse-mice;louse-lice（虱子）有些外来词的不规则复数形式：Eg:analysis-analyses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crisescriterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media冠词和名词6/5/202346.

单复数相同的情况：sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu复合名词的复数形式：1.词末+-seg:film-goers;forget-me-nots2.主体名词变为复数形式：lookers-on;editors-in-chief;sons-in-law3.两个组成部分皆变为复数：womendoctors;mencooks*这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman冠词和名词6/5/202347.名词所有格(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)somepatterns:I’lltaketheriskforfriendship’ssake.Shewasatherwit’send.Nowtheycouldsingattheirheart’scontent.Weshouldgetthechildrenoutofharm’sway.Wehadbestkeepthematarm’slength.Forgoodness’sake,stoparguing.Janegotthemoney’sworthoutofthecoat.(为了友谊）（黔驴技穷）（尽情地）（不受损害）（保持距离）（看在上帝的份上）（很合算）冠词和名词6/5/202348.主谓一致１。语法形式上的一致（主单谓单；主复谓复）２。意义上的一致（主语形单意复，谓语用复数。Eg:people;police)（主语形复意单，谓语用单数。Eg:news;economics)3.就近原则：either…or;neither…nor;notonly…butalso4.单复数视情况而定。１）集体名词作主语：强调整体，用单数；强调个体，用复数２）单复数同形名词作主语，按意义一致原则。Eg:means,species３）中心词是all,most,half,rest时，按意义一致原则。即主语单数意义，谓语用单数；主语复数意义，谓语用复数。6/5/202349.４）主语是and连接两个名词时，指一样东西，谓语单数；指两样东西，谓语复数。Eg:Aknifeandforkisonthetable.5)代词作主语，取决于它代替的是单数还是复数。意义一致原则。Eg:ours,yours;such,thesame;who,that,which;any,either,neither,(单独作主语，谓语单数）none,all,some,more,６）分数，量词，halfof,partof作主语，于中心词保持一致。７）what引导的主语从句。通常用单数；所指的具体内容为复数时，谓语用复数。８）主谓倒装，谓语与其后主语一致。冠词和名词6/5/202350.５。谓语用单数的情况。１）名词所有格之后的名词被省略。（指商店，工场，住宅等）作主语。Eg:Thedoctor’s,myuncle’s,thebaker’s2)中心词是时间、距离、金额、度量、书名等复数名词。Eg:threeyears;TheselectedpoemsofLiBai;3)each,every,no所修饰名词，即使以and或逗号连接。Eg:eachboyandeachgirl;everymanandwoman4)主语有morethanone…;manya5)akindof;apairof;aseriesof…冠词和名词6/5/202351.6)Thiskindof…7)Thenumberof…8)Agreatdealof…;alargeamountof…+un9)Oneandahalf+可数名词复数eg:Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.10)Thedeparted(死者）意义上指个体11)theonlyoneof+可数名词复数＋定语从句。从句中的谓语用单数。冠词和名词6/5/202352.６.谓语用复数的情况。１）police,;people;cattle;militia(民兵）作主语。２）有两个部分构成的名词。（表示衣物或工具）eg:glasses;chopsticks…3)thesekindofmen（口语);menofthiskind作主语４）both…and….修饰主语5)Anumberof;largequantitiesof;largeamountsof修饰主语６）the+形容词作主语，一般情况下７）oneofthe+可数名词复数＋定语从句，从句中谓语动词用复数。冠词和名词6/5/202353.Assignment:1.Trytolearnthesewordsbyheart:(通常用于复数形式的词）scissors剪刀; pants裤子; contents目录compasses两脚规;cords灯心絨裤;arms武器earphones耳机;pyjamas睡衣裤; ashes灰烬scales天平; overalls工装裤; tropics热带spectacles眼镜;braces背带; stairs楼梯nail-clippers指甲刀； slacks便装裤; brains头脑belongings所有物； savings积蓄； tidings消息doings行为； writings作品； findings调查结果Andthewordsinyournotepaper.2.FinishEx.BookChapter2.Nouns.(P7-P16)&Chapter12(P133-P136)返回目录6/5/202354.系动词

系动词亦称联系动词（LinkVerb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况…说明：

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

Hefellillyesterday.（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）

Hefellofftheladder.

fell是实义动词，单独作谓语6/5/202355.1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：Heisateacher（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：

Helookstired.他看起来很累。

Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起来很伤心6/5/202356.4）感官系动词..感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香5）变化系动词..这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.

Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6）终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。（turnout表终止性结果）

返回目录6/5/202357.什么是助动词

1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（MainVerb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：Hedoesn‘tlikeEnglish.（doesn’t是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：表示时态，例如：Heissinging.

Hehasgotmarried.表示语态，例如：HewassenttoEngland.构成疑问句，例如：Doyoulikecollegelife?

DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?

与否定副词not合用，例如：Idon‘tlikehim.

加强语气，Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Hedidknowthat.

3）最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would

6/5/202358.助动词be的用法

1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：Theyarehavingameeting.Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2)be+过去分词，构成被动语态ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.3）be+动词不定式，a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..

Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b.表示命令，Youaretoexplainthis.Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.c.征求意见，HowamItoanswerhim?Whoistogothere?d.表示相约、商定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrow.

6/5/202359.助动词have的用法

1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：HehasleftforLondon..Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被语态，例如：EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。

6/5/202360.

助动词do的用法

1）构成一般疑问句。DoyouwanttopasstheCET?DidyoustudyGerman?你们学过德语吗？2）do+not构成否定句。Idonotwanttobecriticized.Hedoesn'tliketostudy.Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3)构成否定祈使句。Don'tgothere.不要去那里。

Don'tbesoabsent-minded.这么心不在焉。

说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：

Docometomybirthdayparty.

Ididgothere.Idomissyou.我确实想你。

6/5/202361.5）用于倒装句，例如：NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。6）用作代动词，例如：

----DoyoulikeBeijing?--你喜欢北京吗？

----Yes,Ido.--是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.）

Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?

他知道如何开车，对吧？

助动词6/5/202362.助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：IshallstudyharderatEnglish.HewillgotoShanghai.说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:

Heshallcome.（shall有命令的意味。）

Hewillcome.（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）6/5/202363.助动词should,would的用法

1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.比较：

"WhatshallIdonextweek?"Iasked.（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成should。）2）would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：Hesaidhewouldcome.比较：

"Iwillgo,"hesaid.他说："我要去那儿。"变成间接引语，就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。返回目录6/5/202364.过去分词不定式-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩固题26/5/202365.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21题

Multiplechoice2.___aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearC.Nothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV/phrases+ing:appreciate;avoid;can’thelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keep(on);mind;miss…devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto,stickto,leadto…6/5/202366.1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语过去分词6/5/202367.不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…6/5/202368.解析[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。6/5/202369.不定式的时态2[例3]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：wouldlove,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等例如：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.[例4]NMET1999第14题Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudying

A6/5/202370.不定式不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC解析

该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外，not应放在to之前。

在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。6/5/202371.不定式的作用不定式的时态不定式的否定形式不定式近五年不定式考查了5道题，主要考查了不定式做宾语和表语。此外还考了不定式的时态和否定形式。6/5/202372.过去分词

过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.6/5/202373.过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.6/5/202374.过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.6/5/202375.过去分词4.作补语解析该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。Theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。Seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC6/5/202376.时态和语态类别及物动词不及物动词形式主动被动主动一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone-ing形式6/5/202377.作主语：动名词Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.It’suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.6/5/202378.作表语（1）动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.（2）现在分词Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.6/5/202379.作宾语：动名词Ihavejustfinisheddoingmyhomework.Isuggestedaskinghisbrotherforsomemoney.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200by

now.6/5/202380.只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keeponlookforwardto、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeedin、consider、can’thelp、miss。太多了，怎么记呀？6/5/202381.别着急，我们来动动脑筋。有了，你看：抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成考不错6/5/202382.作宾语补足语：现在分词Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.6/5/202383.能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：make、let、have、lookat、see、watch、hear、listento、notice、feel。对了，用“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。多简单！6/5/202384.⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachine＝amachineforwashingaswimmingpool＝apoolforswimmingThisisanewwashingmachine.

作定语6/5/202385.作定语⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。a

developingcountry＝acountrywhichisdevelopingasleepingboy＝aboywhoissleepingThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.6/5/202386.作状语现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.（时间）Beingill,hewenthome.

（原因）Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)（结果）Hereadamagazinewaitingforthebus.（伴随）

Seeingfromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.(条件）6/5/202387.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeA解析makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed.6/5/202388.历年高考题1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself____.(NMET9134)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Onafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,____somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET9123)A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.writing3.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot____byboatforachange?(NMET9214)A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing4.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived6/5/202389.5.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding6/5/202390.10.Themissingboyswerelastseen_