thinking-as-a-hobby教学讲解课件

zcjThinkingasahobbyByWilliamGoldingzcj

PictureDescriptionQuotationsonThinkingDiscussion

Warming-upzcj

Pleasedescribethefollowingpicturesindetailanddepicttheirsymbolicmeaninginyourownwords.

Compareyouranswerwiththatoftheauthor,andtrytofindtheirsymbolicmeaningintheboy’s(theauthor)eyes.PictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjHowarethethreestatuettesdescribedbytheboyandwhatdotheysymbolize?Scanthetextandlistouttherelatedinformation.VenusLeopardRodin’sThinkernakedwithnothingbutabathtowel;noarms;inanunfortunatepositioncrouching;nakednaked,muscular,whosat,lookingdown;hischinonhisfistandelbowonhiskneefrozeninpanic,worryingaboutthetowelbusyingbeingbeautifulreadytospringdownatthetopdrawerfromthecupboardutterlymiserable;contemplatethehindquartersoftheleopardinendlessgloombusybeingnaturalnotmiserable,animageofpurethoughtzcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Whatisthehardesttaskintheworld?Tothink.”

—RalphWaldoEmerson

“Mostpeoplecan’tthink,mostoftheremainderwon’tthink,andthesmallfractionwhodothinkmostlycan’tdoitverywell.”—RobertHeinlein “Ithink,thereforeIam.”

—RenéDéscartes

zcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Icannotteachanybodyanything,Icanonlymakethemthink.”—Socrates“Wethinktoosmall.Likethefrogatthebottomofthewell.Hethinkstheskyisonlyasbigasthetopofthewell.Ifhesurfaced,hewouldhaveanentirelydifferentview.”—MaoZedong

zcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Thinkingiswhatagreatmanypeoplethinktheyaredoingwhentheyaremerelyrearrangingtheirprejudices.”—WilliamJames“Nurtureyourmindwithgreatthoughts.”

—BenjaminDisraeli“Intelligenceissomethingwearebornwith.Thinkingisaskillthatmustbelearned.”—EdwarddeBonozcjIII.DiscussionWhatisyourhobby?Doyouwanttochoosethinkingasyourhobby?Whatkindofquestionsdoyouoftenthinkabout?zcjBackgroundInformation

Author

Rodin’sThinker

GoddessVenuszcjAuthorAuthorWilliamGoldingSirWilliamGeraldGolding(September19,1911—June19,1993)wasanEnglishnovelist,poetandwinnerof1983NobelLaureateinLiterature:“forhisnovelswhich,withtheperspicuityofrealisticnarrativeartandthediversityanduniversalityofmyth,illuminatethehumanconditionintheworldoftoday.”WilliamGoldingwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1983BeforeWWII,heworkedasawriter,actor,andproducerwithsmalltheatrecompaniesandasateacher.WilliamGoldingactedinShakespeare’sWinter’sTaleWilliamGoldingandHisFamilyzcj

TheAuthor’sBackground

HemarriedAnnBrookfield,ananalyticalchemist,in1939.HebecameateacherofEnglishandphilosophyatBishopWordsworth’sSchoolinSalisbury.DuringWorldWarIIheservedintheRoyalNavyandwasinvolvedinthesinkingofGermany’smightiestbattleship,theBismarck.HeparticipatedintheinvasionofNormandyonD-Dayandatwar’sendwentbacktoteachingandwriting.zcj

TheAuthor’sBackground

In1961hissuccessfulbooksallowedGoldingtoleavehisteachingpostandhespentayearaswriter-in-residenceatHollinsCollegeinVirginia.Hethenbecameafull-timewriter.

HereceivedaknighthoodfromQueenElizabethIIin1988.WilliamGoldingdiedinhishomeatPerranarworthal,nearTruro,CornwallonJune19,1993.zcjWilliamGolding’smainworksPoems(1934)LordoftheFlies(1954)TheInheritors(1955)PincherMartin(1956)FreeFall(1959)TheSpire(1964)Darkness

Visible(1979)TheTrilogyRitesofPassage(1980,BookerPrize)CloseQuarters(1987)FireDownBelow(1989),republishedunderthegeneraltitleToTheEndsoftheEarth

zcjThelordoffliesFableRealisticnarrativeRalphJackThelordofflieszcjLordoftheFlies

(movie:directedbyPeterBrook)zcjzcjzcjzcjzcjThestoryitselftakesplaceonanisolatedisland.Aplanehascrashed,andittranspiresthattherearenoadultsurvivors.TwoEnglishboysnamedRalphandPiggyformtheinitialfocus,astheybegintomakesenseoftheirnewsurroundings.TheboyssoonfindaconchshellandPiggysuggeststhatRalphusestheconchasahorntocallforanyothersurvivorswhomightbenearby.Theboysinclude"biguns"(severalolderchildren)and"littluns"(youngerchildren),andrapidlydivideintotwocampsheadedbyRalph,andanotherolderboynamedJack(theheadofachoirgroupthatalsolandedontheisland).Ralphisvotedinchargeandcallseveryonetogethertoworktowardtwocommongoals,thefirstbeingtohavefunandthesecondtoberescuedbycreatingaconstantfiresignal,tobelitusingPiggy'sglasses.Foratimetheboysworktogethertowardsbuildingshelters,gatheringfoodandwater,andkeepingthefiregoing.Theonegoalwhichconstantlygetssidelinediskeepingthesignalfiregoingassomeoftheboys,thehunters,ledbyJack,focustheirenergyonhuntingthewildpigsontheisland.Thechildren'sbeliefinabeastontheislandalsocreatesaproblem.zcjThechildrenbegintosplitintotwogroups,basedontheexistenceofthebeast.RalphattemptstodisprovetheexistenceofthebeastwhileJackexploitsthebeliefinthebeasttoencouragehisgroupofhunters.JacksoonformsaseparatetribefromRalph's.JackgainsdefectorsfromRalph'stribebypromisingthemmeat,fun,and,mostimportantly,protectionfromthebeast.Jack'stribegraduallybecomesmoresavageandtheyusefacepaintandfocusmainlyonhunting,whileRalph'sgroupfocusesonkeepingthefiregoingandgettingrescued.Simon,apartofRalph'stribe,setsoffonamissiontoinvestigatethemountain.Whileonhiswaythere,hefindthepig'sheadonastickJackputthereearlier,andbeginstohallucinate.Heseestheheadas"TheLordoftheFlies,"andbelievesthatitistalkingtohim,tellinghimthetruth,thattheycreatedthebeast,andthattherealbeastwasinsidehim,insidethemall.Healsofindsthedeadparachuterwhichhadbeenmistakenforthebeast.Onhisreturn,hearrivesatthepeakofatribalritualatJack'stribe,andhisexplanationgoesunheardasheiskilled.Jack'stribethenraidRalph'scamp,attackingthenon-huntersinordertostealPiggy'sglassesinordertomakeacookingfire.BythistimeRalph'stribeconsistsofjusthimself,Piggy,andtwinsSamandEric.zcjTheyallgototherockfortofJack'stribetotrytogetbackPiggy'sglassessohecansee.IntheensuingconfrontationPiggyisstruckbyaboulderthrownbyRogerknockinghimoffthecliff;hefallstohisdeath.Theconchisshatteredintomillionsofpiecesbythelaunchedrock.EricandSamarecapturedandbothbecomepartofJack'stribe,leavingRalphbyhimself.Inthefinalsequenceofthebook,JackandhisfriendRogerleadthetribeof'hunters'onahuntforRalph,intendingtokillhim.InordertodothisJacksetstheentireislandonfire.Thefireissolargethatitattractstheattentionofanearbywarshipwhichcomestotheislandandrescuestheboys.Anavyofficerlandsontheislandandhissuddenappearancebringsthechildren'sfightingtoanabrupthalt.Whenlearningoftheboys'activities,theofficerremarksthathewouldhaveexpectedbetterfromBritishboys.Inthefinalsceneofthebook,Ralphcries,inmourningforhisfriendPiggy,hisownlossofinnocence,andhisnewfoundawarenessofthedarknessofhumannature.Ahintoftheauthor'sintentioncanbefoundinthefinaldescriptionoftheofficerasheremainsunawareoftheimportanceoftheeventsthathavetranspired,watchinghispeacefullyfloatingship(representingcivilization)thatisstilldescribedasfaraway.zcjRodin’sThinkerzcjRodin’sThinkerRestingonthehorizontalpanelabovethedoors,TheThinkerbecamethefocalpointofTheGatesofHellandsubsequentlyperhapsthemostwell-knownsculptureofalltime.Theathletic-lookingfigure,inspiredbythesculptureofMichelangelo,depictsamaninsobermeditation,yetwhosemusclesstrainwitheffort—possiblytoevokeapowerfulinternalstruggle.RodininitiallyreferredtothefigureasDantebuteventuallywhatweknowasTheThinkerevolvedintoamoresymbolicrepresentationofcreativity,intellect,andaboveall—thought.zcjGoddessVenusVenusdeMilo(about150—100BC)isconsideredbymanyarthistorianstobetheidealofHellenisticbeauty.Itwascarvedoutofmarbleandstandsapproximately205cm(6ft10in)high.

zcjGoddessVenusTheBirthofVenusAsRomanGoddessofLoveandBeauty,VenusisassociatedwithcultivatedfieldsandgardensandlateridentifiedbytheRomanswiththeGreekGoddessofLove,Aphrodite.zcjTextanalysis&languagestudyzcjHowistheessayorganized?zcjStructurePart1(Paras.1—24)about:

Part2(Paras.25—29)about:Part3(Paras.30—35)about:Howthesubjectofthinkingwasfirstbroughtuptotheauthorandhisunder-standingofthenatureof“grade-threethinking”Theauthor’sanalysisofthenatureof“grade-twothinking”Theauthor’sunderstandingofthe“grade-onethinking”andhisdesireforitzcjThemeThinkingisnotjustforprofessionalthinkerslikephilosophers.Itissomethingalleducatedpeopleshouldenjoydoing,anditisconsideredoneofthemostpreciousqualitiesinyoungscholarsforthehealthymentaldevelopment.zcjParagraph1:1.Icametotheconclusionthattheewerethreegradesofthinking…tocometoaconclusion:toreach/arriveat/drawaconclusiongrade:anacceptedlevelorstandard

标准被接受的标准或水平eg.Thisgradeofwoolcanbesoldatafairlylowprice.这种等级的羊毛可以以相当低的价格卖出.C.fUpgradedegradezcjParagraph2:grammarschool:InBritain,itreferstoaschoolforchildrenover11whoareacademicallybright.Today,therearefewgrammarschools.Mostsecondaryschoolsarecalled“comprehensive”andtakeinallchildrenover11whatevertheirabilities.IntheUS,agrammarschoolusedtomeananelementaryschool,butitisnowconsideredold-fashioned.zcjnothingbut

:only,merelyExamples:

Don’thavehimforafriend:he’snothingbutacriminal.Hehadnothingforsupperbutalittlepieceofcheese.

Nothingbutrosesmeetstheeye.“nothing”phraseszcj

ButtheSwissdiscoveredlongyearsagothatconstantwarfarebroughtthem_____sufferingandpoverty.A.anythingbutB.nothingbutC.noneotherthanD.nomorethan

key:Bzcjnothinglessthannothingmorethannothingmuch不亚于，完全（强调其多、其大）仅仅，只不过（强调其少、其小）非常少，没什么zcjThat’snothinglessthanamiracle.(=nolessthan)Thedropsdidn’tgetverybig,andtheearthreceivednothingmorethanadrizzle.(=nomorethan)“Anythinginterestinghappening?”No,nothingmuch.zcjOnewasaladywearingnothingbutabathtowel.nothingbut:nothingexcept;onlyeg:Thedoctortoldherthatitwasnothingbutacold.Hecaredfornothingbuthisnameandposition.Hewasanythingbutacoward.zcjSheseemedfrozeninaneternalpaniclestthebathtowelslipdownanyfarther…lest:conj.forfearthat

唯恐，以免：Note:Thesubjunctivemoodisusedintheclauselestintroduces.eg.Becarefullestyoufallfromthattree.要当心,以免从树上摔下来。zcjShealwaysputhermedicationonthetopoftheshelflestthechildren_____itbymistake.A.tookB.shouldtakeC.hadtakenD.wouldtakezcj…andsinceshehadnoarms,she

wasin

anunfortunate

positionto

pullthetowelupagain.bein…positiontodosth:tobeabletodosthbecauseorhaveability,powerormoneytodoit.能够...,

处在可以...的位置,

有能力...egIamnotinapositiontolendyoumoney.zcjNexttoher,crouchedthestatuetteofaleopard,readytospringdownatthetopdrawerofafilingcabinet.crouch:1.tostoop,especiallywiththekneesbent:egTheycrouchedoverthegratewithaflashlight,searchingforthelostgem.2.topresstheentirebodyclosetothegroundwiththelimbsbent:eg.acatcrouchingnearitsprey.zcjmuscular

a.

a.

of,relatingto,orconsistingofmuscle

b.havingwell-developedmuscles

c.havingorsuggestinggreatpower;forcefulorvigorousExamples:

amuscularbuild一副强壮的体格

muscularcontraction肌肉的收缩

muscularadvocacygroups

有力的拥护团体zcjUtterlyIamutterlypuzzledwhattodowithit.全然;完全地;彻底地;十足地

UtterHewasinutterdespair.Shedidn'tutterawordallnight.zcjChangesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,_____,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utterancesKey:Cmorpheme词素

zcjParagraph31.delinquent:

n.apersonwhoneglectsorfailstodowhatlawordutyrequires.

adj.failingtodowhatlawordutyrequires.zcjMostdelinquentchildrenhavedeprivedbackgrounds.多数少年犯都有贫困且未受教育的背景。

I'mafraidhe'llultimatelybecomeajuveniledelinquent.我恐怕他最终会成为一名青少年罪犯。

zcjParagraph3Shewasjustbusybeingbeautiful.P:Fromtheboy’spointofview,theGoddessofLovewassimplytryingtoremainbeautiful.zcjParagraph4Iwasnotintegrated.Iwas,ifanything,egrated:formingapartofaharmoniousgroupdisintegrated:Here,itisusedbytheauthortomeanthedirectoppositeof“integrated”,andthereforemeanssomekindofatrouble-maker.zcjintegrateThecommitteecanintegratethedifferentplans.Theyhavelivedinthiscountryfortenyears,buthaveneverreallyintegrated.他们已在这个国家生活了十年,但还没有融入这个社会。integrated整体的；完全的；综合的integrityzcjifanything:onthecontrary相反；更有可能的是eg.Heisnotknownforhisgenerosity.Heis,ifanything,quitemiserly.Theweatherforecastsaysthatitwillnotbewarmerthiswinter.Itwill,ifanything,evencolderthanlastyear.Heis,ifanything,alittleweakertoday.zcjThemusculargentlemancontemplatedthehindquartersoftheleopardinendlessgloom.(Para.9)Theauthorexpressedtheboy’sviewingoftheimageofThinkerinahumorouswaytoshowthatthethinkingdoesn’tmakeanysensetohim.zcjconsiderpondermeditatedeliberatebroodoverParagraph9contemplate:tothinkforalongtimeinordertounderstandbetter.Synonymszcj.contemplatev.a.tolookatattentivelyandthoughtfully

b.toconsidercarefullyandatlength;c.tohaveinmindasanintentionorpossibilityShestoodcontemplatingherfigureinthemirror.Theyoungsurgeoncontemplatedthedifficultoperationofkidneytransplant.SheiscontemplatingatriptoEurope,butshehasn’tplannedityet.C.ftemplate/templezcjHisspectaclescaughtthelightsothatyoucouldseenothinghumanbehindthem.P:Theteacher’sglassescaughtthelightandthereforetheboycouldnotseetheteacher’seyes.Hecouldnothaveanyeyecontact.Hecouldnothaveanycommunicationwithhim.zcjanguishn.

mentalorphysicalsufferingcausedbyextremepainorworry.

{搭配}beinanguishShewasinanguishoverhermissingchild.v.(tocause)tofeelorsufferanguish.e.g.Thelossofherhusbandanguishedherdeeply.Herheartanguishedwithinher.a.

anguishedanguishedcriesParagraph11zcjon…occasion

Hetalkedabouthishisworkoneveryoccasion.ShewasinvitedtotheMaster’sroomonseveraloccasions.

On

occasion,wefeellikecelebratingandhaveaparty.

Ononeoccasion,helandedinadesertedcarpark.总是，不管什么时候有几次有时，遇必要时曾经，有一次zcjParagraph12leaptoone’sfeet:tojumpupPleasepayattentiontothefollowingphrasescontainingthewordfeet:rise/struggle/staggertoone’sfeet.zcjtoleaptoone’sfeettorisetoone’sfeettostruggletoone’sfeettostaggertoone’sfeettohelpsb.toone’sfeettopullsb.tohisfeet一跃而起站起身来挣扎着站起来蹒跚而立扶某人站起来把某人拉起来zcjNaturehadendowedtherestofthehumanracewithasixthsenseandleftmeout.(Para.15)Everybody,exceptme,arebornwiththeabilitytothink.zcj4)Naturehadendowedtherestofthehumanracewithasixthsenseandleftmeout.(Para.15)asixthsense:akeenintuitivepower.Here,theauthormeanstheabilitytothink.toendowsb.withsth.:toprovidesb.withanaturalqualityortalent.e.g.Sheisoneofthoseluckywomenwhoareendowedwithbothasharpbrainandgreatbeauty.Godhasnotendowedhimwithmuchhumor.zcjJanetriedto_____thedoormanwithmoney,butshefailed.A.bribeB.corruptC.awardD.endowzcjHewas____withthepowerofacuteobservation.A.conferredB.endowedC.equippedD.bestowedendow意为“赋予”，后接with;confer…on意为“授予，给予…”;equip…with意为“装备，配备…”;bestow…on意为“授予，赠予”。

zcjParagraph17:Sometimes,exaltedbyhisownoratory,hewouldleapfromhisdeskandhustleusoutsideintoahideouswind.P:Sometimeshegotcarriedawayandwouldleapfromhisdeskandhurryusoutsideintoacoldandunpleasantwind.zcjexaltv.

a.toraiseinrank,character,orstatus

b.toglorify,praise,orhonor

c.toincreasetheeffectorintensityofa.excited;noble;exaggeratedExamples:Complementarycolorsexalteachother.Hewasexaltedtothepositionofpresident.Theretiringprofessorisexaltedbyhiscolleagues.anexalteddedicationtolibertyCf.exultv.

欢欣鼓舞,

狂喜,

欢跃

exaltedzcj.hustlevt.

a.toconveyinahurriedorroughmanner

b.tocauseorurgetoproceedquicklyc.togainbyenergeticeffortvi.toworkormoveenergeticallyandrapidlyExamples:Thepolicehustledtheprisonerintoavan.Motherhustledthechildrenofftoschoollesttheyshouldbelate.Wehustledtogetdinnerreadyontime.zcjimpedimentThemainimpedimenttodevelopmentisthecountry’shugeforeigndebt.Hehasanimpedimentinspeech.他讲话口吃。

n.

a.afactoreventwhichmakesactiondifficultorimpossibleb.anorganicdefectpreventingcleararticulationzcjMr.Houghtonwasgiventohigh-mindedmonologuesaboutthegoodlife,sexlessandfullofduty.(Para.20)ObviouslyinMr.Houghton’scleanlife,thereisnoplaceforalcoholicdrink,sex,andotherworldlypleasures.Thisis,ofcourse,ironical.Begivento喜欢,癖好zcjParagraph20:Yetinthemiddleofthesemonologues,ifagirlpassedthewindow,hisneckwouldturnofitselfandhewouldwatchheroutsight.P:Hereauthorisnotlaughingattheteacher’sinterestinyounggirls.Ratherheisridiculingthecontradictionbetweenhishighmoraltoneandtheworkingofhisgeneswhichcompelshimtoturnhisheadtowardyounggirls.zcjbulge

v.tocurveoutward;toswellup;tostickoutn.a.

aprotrudingpart;anoutwardcurveorswellingb.

asudden,usuallytemporaryincreasein numberorquantityExamples:

Hispocketwasbulgingwithsweets.Thebabyboomcreatedabulgeinschoolenrollment.zcjSynonym:

bulgeprotrudestickoutprotrudev.

topushorthrustoutward;tojutout

Examples:Helen’steethprotrudetoofar.Thepolicemansawagunprotrudingfromtheman’spocket.zcjthinkwellofnotthinkmuchofthinkbetterofsb.thinkbetterofsth.thinkhighlyofthinkwellofthinklittleofthinkpoorlyofthinknothingof看轻对某人印象好；看重某人改变······念头；打消主意看重；器重重视看轻；看不起不放在眼里；轻视轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起zcjlectureon向…就(某题目)作报告,办讲座Helecturedonmoderndrama.Helecturedthechildrenongoodmanners.zcjParagraph23:Technically,itisaboutasproficientasmostbusinessmen’sgolf,ashonestasmostpoliticians’intentions,orascoherentasmostbooksthatgetwritten.P:

This,ironicalsentenceshowsthattheauthornotonlyconsidersthesepeopleincompetent,dishonestandincoherent,butalsodespisesmostbusinessmen,distrustsmostpoliticiansanddislikesmostpublications.zcjproficienta.abletodosomethingwellorskillfully.

{搭配}beproficientat/ine.g.Sheisproficientat/infigureskating.她精于花样滑冰。proficiencyn.熟练,精通,熟练程度e.g.Hemadelittleproficiencyinliteraryaccomplishmentszcj.contemptIfeelnothingbutcontemptforsuchdishonestbehavior.Expressions:bebeneathcontemptbringintocontemptholdincontemptincontemptof极为荒谬可鄙的使受人鄙视鄙视，蔑视不顾，不把······放在眼里zcjcontemptible:deservingofcontempt;despicable卑劣的，可鄙的contemptuous:manifestingorfeelingcontempt;scornful鄙视的；看不起；Itwascontemptible

ofhimtospeaklikethataboutarespectableteacher!Itwasacontemptibletricktotellliesandplayonanoldfriend!Hewascontemptuous

ofBritain’sarmy.SeeingIfailedtounderstand,hegavemeacontemptuouslook.zcjconfront

v.①toopposedefiantly{搭配}confrontdanger/reality

e.g.Asoldierhastoconfrontdangeranddeath②tocomeupagainst;encountere.g.Iamconfrontedwithmanydifficulties.zcjInolongerdismisslightlyamentalprocess.(Para.24)Inolongerconsiderthewaygrade-threethinkersthinkunimportantbecausetheyaccountfornine-tenthsofthepeopleandthereforehavegreatpower.NowIknowthatignorance,prejudiceandhypocrisyareverypowerfulenemies.zcjAcrowdofgrade-thinkers,allshoutingthesamething,allwarmingtheirhandatthefireoftheirownprejudices…Manenjoysagreementascowswillgrazeallthesamewayonthesideofahill.(Para.24)Theauthorthinksthatitisprobablyhumannaturetoenjoyagreementbecauseitseemstobringpeace,security,comfortandharmony.zcjStampede：Togeteasilyfrightenedandrunwiththecrowdfallintotheotherfault：Togototheotherextreme,thatistoacttooslowlyandlagbehindWithdrawal：Detachment:(冷漠)asfromsocialoremotionalinvolvement;refusingtobepartofthecrowd.Grade-twothinkersdonotstampedeeasily,thoughoftentheyfallintotheotherfaultandlagbehind.Grade-twothinkingisawithdrawal,witheyesandearsopen.Itdestroyswithouthavingthepowertocreate.(Para.25)zcjstampede

v.to(tocauseto)fleeinpanicortoactonmassimpulse

n.a.asuddenfrenziedorheadlongrushorflightb.amassimpulsiveactionExamples:

Rumorsofashortagestampededpeopleintobuyingupfood.aherdofstampedingcattleastampedeofsupportforthecandidate

纷纷支持那个候选人zcjlagbehind

tofailtokeepupapace;tostraggleExamples:Theelderpeopleandchildrenalwayslagbehindwhenwegoforawalk.Don’tletasingleclassmatelagbehind.Hewondereddarklyathowgreatalagtherewasbetweenhisthinkingandhisactions.他暗暗惊讶于自己在思想和行动上有如此大的差距。zcjItsetmewatchingthecrowdscheeringHisMajestytheKingandaskingmyselfwhatallthefusswasabout,withoutgivingmeanythingpositivetoputintheplaceofthatheadypatriotism.Buttherewerecompensations.(Para.25)ItmademewatchpeopleshoutinginjoyandsupportoftheKingandwonderwhatthissenselessexcitementwasallaboutalthoughIdidnothaveanythinggoodtoreplacethisexcitingorintoxicatingpatriotism.ButIdidgetsomethingoutofit.zcjfuss:toomuchattentiontooruncalled-forexcitementoverthingsthatareunnecessaryandunimportante.g.Whatafussaboutnothing!真是无事生非！toputintheplaceof:toreplaceheady:inclinedtogotoyourheadandmakeyouexcitede.g.aheadytrend;headydays;headysuccesscompensation:pay,reward,sth.thatcompensateforyourloss,serviceoreffortzcjfussfusswith过分讲究;忙乱fussaround[美口]瞎忙一气;忙得团团转fussupanddown瞎忙得团团转madeafussoverzcjheadyTrytotranslatethefollowingphrases:headyliqueurtheheadynewsoftriumphaheadyoutburstofangeraheadycurrentheadytacticstooheadytoreasonwith醉人的烈酒振奋人心的获胜消息猛一声怒喝一股湍流机敏的战术太专横而无法与之理论zcjParagraph25:TohearourPrimerMinstertoldaboutthegreatbenefitweconferredonIndiabyjailingpeoplelikeNehruandGandhi.zcjGandhi(1869-1948)andNehru(1889-1964)werebothleadersoftheFree-IndiaMovementwhichaimedatwinningnationalindependenceforIndiathroughnon-violent,civil-disobediencemeans.Inthecourseofthisstruggle,theywerejailedbytheBritishgovernmentseveraltimes.ButtheireffortsfinallybroughtabouttheindependenceofIndiaonAugust15,1947.Gandhi(1869-1948)Nehru(1889-1964)

zcj.conferv.

a.tobestow(e.g.anhonor)授予b.toinvestwith(acharacteristic)赋予；使带有c.(vi.)tomeetinordertodeliberatetogetherorcompareviews协商Examples:Thegovernmentconferredamedalonthehero.Diplomaswereconferredonmembersofgraduatingclass.Theengineersandtechniciansarestillconferringontheunexpectedaccident.confersth.onsb.授予conferwithsb.onsth.协商zcjThetextbookquestionaswellasotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhenthecongressisin_____againnextspring.A.assemblyB.conventionC.conferenceD.sessionzcj教科书问题及其他问题将于明年春天在国会会期内得到讨论。【详细解答】session意为"会期,开庭期",常与in搭配表示"进入会期或开庭期";assembly强调的是"集合,集会";conference指的是"会议,谈判";convention作“会议”讲通常指“政活性的会议”。因此D为正确选项。

zcjParagraph26:SaintJerome’sVulgate:ThisistheLatintranslationoftheBilemadebySaintJeromeattheendofthefourthcenturyA.D.ItisnowusedinarevisedformastheRomanCatholicauthorizedversion.zcjSheclaimedthattheBiblewasliterallyinspired.IcounteredbysayingthattheCatholicsbelievedintheliteralinspirationofSaintJerome’sVulgateandthetwobooksweredifferent.Argumentflagged.(Para.26)“BothMethodistsandCatholicsbelievedthattheirBooksareatruerecordoftheGod’sdivineplan.”TheauthorusedthisexampletodefyRuth’sillogicalopinion,thereforetheargumentbecamedullbecauseRuthdidn’tknowhowtorespondtoit.zcjflagTodeclineinvigororstrength:Myappetiteflagsinthehotweather.Todeclineininterest:Theconversationflagged.谈话变得索然无味zcjThatwastooeasy,saidIrestivelysincethereweremoreRomanCatholicsthanMethodistsanyway;…(Para.27)Here,theauthorpointedoutRuth’slogicalerror.Thenumbero