文档表语从句

名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

(一)引导名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词:who[主语],whose[定语],whom[宾语],what[主语,宾语,表语],

which[定语]。有词义，在从句中担任成分。

2、连接副词:when[时间状语],where[地点状语],why[原因状语],how[其他状语]。

有词义，在从句中担任成分。

3、连接词:that,whether,if[是否],在从句中不担任成分

(二)主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Whowillgoisnotimportant.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.

3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。

Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.

(三)表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.

2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.

(四)宾语从句

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

Ihope(that)everythingisallright.

2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。

I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.

3、whether与if常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

Iwonderifitdoesn’train.

②宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if;不直接连用，可换。

Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.

Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.

(五)同位语从句

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.一、表语从句概述1.用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。2.引导表语从句的词:有从属连词that、whether、asthough、asif、because;关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，偶尔可以省略。非限定性定语从句一、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词：指代对象指代人指代物主格whowhich,as宾格whomwhich,as所有格ofwhom,whosewhich,ofwhich,

whose二、引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when,where

三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别1.限定性定语从句:从句不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整。非限定性定语从句:从句可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整。2.限定性定语从句:

先行词可以用that引导。非限定性定语从句:先行词不可以用that引导。3.限定性定语从句:引导词有时可以省略。非限定性定语从句:引导词不可以省略。4.限定性定语从句:主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句:主句与从句需要用逗号隔开。5.限定性定语从句:从句只修饰先行词。非限定性定语从句:从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部四、使用规则及注意事项1.which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。2.在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于inwhich,forwhich或atwhich。其中，介词的选用，依据从句中的动词所需搭配的介词来选用。例句：①Attitudestowardsdaydreamingarechangingmuchinthesamewaythat(inwhich)attitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。②Ilikethemusicfortheveryreasonthat(forwhich)hedislikeit.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。③Wearrivedthedaythat(onwhich)theyleft.刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3.as有时也可用作关系代词。as引导非限制性定语从句，若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中。例句：Asisreportedinthenewspaper，someartistictreasureswillbeonshowattheexhibitionontheweekend.4.在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用that。

五、非限定性定语从句中用which和as的区别：1）as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，which可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后：

Asisknowntoall,fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.

Air,asweknow,isgas.

2）如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致，多用as，用以对主句的意义进行补充；如果不一致，就用which：

Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.

Hebroketherulesagain,whichwasunexpected.

3）如表示“如同…那样，按照，正如”含义，常用as，这里as主要起与上下文联系的作用，表达说话人的看法，并指出内容，出处和根据等，常用的结构有asweknow（众所周知）asoftenhappens（正如常发生的那样）asisoftenthecase（情况常常如此）asweallcansee（正如我们看到的）

be+announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported（正如所。。。）等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末：

Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Katewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.

4）在非限制性定语从句中关系代词指代主句中某一个单词时，常用which：

Mybrotherenjoyedplayingbasketball,whichhereallyplayswell.Beijing,whichhewasbornin,isourcapital.

5）在非限制性定语从句中“介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which：

TheTravelAgency,withwhichourcompanyhasbeendealingforseveral

years,hasopenedfornewbranches

Airisamixtureofgases,ofwhichoxgenforms21percent.

6）在非限制性定语从句关系代词用以代表主句中谓语的整个概念，从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which：

HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.

Metalwillbearbeatingwithahammer,whichastonewilllnot

7）在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which：

Hesaidhehadpassedtheexam,whichwasuntrue强调句专题讲解常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.典型例题1)Itwaslastnight___Iseethecomet.A.thetimeB.whenC.thatD.which答案C.强调句的结构是：It+be+强调部分+that(who)+主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用"who"，其余用that。原句：Myfatherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.强调主语：Itwasmyfatherwhodidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.强调宾语：Itwastheexperimentthatmyfatherdidinthelabyesterdayevening.强调时间：Itwasyesterdayeveningthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelab.(注意不用when)强调地点：Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.2)Itistenyears___MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as答案C.考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A.that.其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉Itbe…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉'Itis…that'，只剩下tenyearsMissGreenreturnedtoCanada.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。Billmadeakiteatschoolyesterday.强调主语强调地点状语

2.Ipaintedthedoorwhite.强调主语强调宾补Sheleftherglovesinyourroom.强调主语强调地点状语4.Mr.Smithgaveanewpentome.强调主语强调直接宾语5.Iboughtthebookbecauseitissousefulformywork.强调宾语强调原因状语从句6.Iwenttotheparkbybike.强调主语强调方式状语7.HesawMr.WangonTVyesterday.强调onTV强调宾语8.Playingcomputergamescosttheboyalotofmoney.强调主语强调alotofmoney1.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere2._______thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That3.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that4.Hemadeapromise_______hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which5.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.howB.whenC.whereD.what6.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_____mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.thatB.thisC.whatD.which7.Hetoldmethenews____theQueenwouldvisitChinathenextmonth.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.when8.Whentheholidaysweredrawingnear,IaskedmyAmericanfriends___wasthebestwaytotravelintheUnitedStates.A.thatB.whatC.suchD.that9.Hewasluckyenoughtosellhiscarforexactly______.A.wherehehadpaidforitB.whathehadpaidforitC.whathewaspaidforitD.whichhehadpaidforit10.Sometimesweareasked______wethinkthelikelyresultofanactionwillbe.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether11.Theyhavenotmadeanydecisionon______theyaregoingtodotodealwiththewasteandcontrolpollution.A.thatB.whichC.ifD.what12.—Doyouknowhim?—Yes,butIcan’tremember________Imethimforthefirsttime.A.whereB.whatCthatD.if13.—Doyouknow_____Mr.Black’saddressis.—HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I'mnotsureof_____.A.what;whichB.where;whichC.where;whatD.what;where14.Thisoldcomputermusthavebeenofgreatuseto_______didthescientificresearch.A.thoseB.whenC.whoeverD.whomever15._______alltheinventionshaveincommonis_____theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.What;thatDThat;what16.—Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.—Oh,thatwasprobably____Iwasseeingthedoctor.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that17.Mariahastobaby-sit.That’s______shecan'tcomewithus.A.whyB.howC.whenD.what18.____surprisedmemostwas______theyhadfinisheditsoquickly.A.What,whatB.That,thatC.What,thatD.That,what19.Thereasonwhyshecouldn’tcometothemeetingwas_____shehadnotbeeninvited.A.becauseB.whichC.thatD.why20.Insomecountries,____iscalled"equality"doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.one21.Althoughheknewlittleabouttheworkdoneinthefieldofphysics,hesucceeded______otherexperiencedexpertsfailed.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where22.Fathermadeapromise_______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabicycle.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif23.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填24.Hewantedtomakesure__________.A.howwewenttherebybusB.wheredidwegoC.whatdidwegothereD.whenwewentthere25._____theywonthegamewas______wehadexpected.A.That;whichB.Whether;thatC.What;thatD.That;what26.Ireallydon'tmindmuch________theycametovisitmeornot.A.becauseB.whyC.whenD.whether27.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadnotenoughmoneytodotheresearch.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.what28.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what29.___surprisedmemostwas____hewastoolatefortheimportantmeeting,forhewaschairmanofit.A.What;whyB.That;howC.What;howD.That;why30.Althoughmostofthemhavenodoubt____hewillpasstheexam,Istillthinkthereissomethingabout_____hehasreallygoteverythingready.A.whether;thatB.that;whetherC.that;thatD.whether;whether31._______beatXiaoWangblackandblueisnotknown.A.WhomB.WhoeverC.WhoD.What32.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever33.Hewasneversatisfiedwithorproudof____hehadachieved.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.allwhich34.Canyoutellme____gettotherailwaystation?A.howcanIB.whatIcanC.howIcanD.whereIcan35.Wedon’tknow______.A.thisiswhosedictionaryB.whosedictionaryisthisC.whosedictionarythisisD.whoseisthisdictionary36.Theproblemis____wecanfinishtheworkwithinsuchashorttime.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when37.___theboydidn’ttakethemedicinemadehismotherveryangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which38.Eachblindmanbelieved____heknewjust____theelephantlookedlike.A.that;whatB.what;thatC.that;thatD.what;what39.Itwasbytheroadside____thesixblindmensatquarrellingabouttheelephant.A.whenB.whichC.on