高考英语必看之单项选择解题指导

2011届高考单项选择解题指导江苏省镇江一中高三英语备课组

众观历年高考英语试题，单项选择题在其中占有举足轻重的地位，考查的主要是英语基础知识，但是该题型得分率并不高，究其原因，主要是答题者没有掌握一定的答题技巧，不能灵活做题。因此，在老师平时的各种练习或试题评讲过程中，我们应在老师的指导下学会从多角度去分析单项选题，掌握一些解题技巧，养成良好的解题习惯，提高解题能力,力争做到举一反三，一题多用，达到事半功倍之效果。Everypointcounts.

单项选择题还原再现法语境分析法标点提示法克服思维定势法依据习惯用法结构简化法StrategyOne结构简化法

即去掉句子的修饰或插入成分，找出句子主干，从而简化句子结构。1.Theexcitingmoment__atlast.

A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comeswelookedforwardto2.Thewriter，whomIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,_____famousforthoseworks．

A．isB．areC．amD．were()3.Heoftenstandsagainstthefenceandtalksendlesslywithmyfather____gardeningproblems.A．to B．tooC．about D．off

()StrategyTwo还原再现法即通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意，从而降低难度。一般有以下6种情况。如：1.Whomwouldyouratherhave___withyou?

A.togo

B.go

C.gone

D.going

分析：测试的知识点是使役动词have后跟非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语的用法。havesb.dosth.拓展：havesb./sth.done/

havesb./sth.doing/

havesb./sth.todo还原为：Youwouldratherhavewhom______withyou.一、将疑问句改成陈述句

1.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof___ourlessonswell.

A.learning

B.learned

C.tolearn

D.learns

Weshouldmakegooduseoftime____ourlessonwell.C二、改被动句为主动句

1.Itwas_____theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathome．

A．repairB．repairing C．torepairD．inrepair还原为：Theoldmanspentthewholemorning____theoldclockathome．判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法--去掉题干中的Itis(was)...that(who)，如果句子仍然成立--表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。三、强调句型还原成简单句式

注意比较下面例子：

2.Itwas2004_______youjoinedthefootballclub．

Itwasin2004_____youjoinedthefootballclub.A．whoB．thatC．whenD．which

分析：第一句运用还原法，去掉Itwas...(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加in)，故此句不是强调句型，而是一个含有when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句。第二句则明显是一个强调句。CB

＿＿＿＿＿whatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!A．WhatreasonableB．HowareasonableC．HowreasonableD．WhatareasonableWhatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded＿＿＿＿!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。四、感叹句还原为陈述句Thatwas＿＿＿wehadinLondon3yearsago!A．wonderfultimeB．awonderfultimeC．wonderfulD．wonderfully可还原为：WehadawonderfultimeinLondon3yearsago．。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配hadawonderfultime（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。五、固定短语还原

六、还原省略成分1.----Whatmadeyousohappy?-----_______.A.

Becauseofmypassingtheexam.B.Ipassedtheexam.C.BecauseIpassedtheexam. D.Mypassingtheexam.

(mademesohappy)2.Iftheweatherisfine,we'llgo.If_____,_____.

A.not,notB.no,noC.not,noD.no,notIftheweatherisNOTfine,wewillNOTgo.

Ifitischeap,I'llbuyit.Ifnot,not.Ifyoustudyhard,you'llsucceed.Ifnot,not.语境分析法即根据实际语境，找到关键信息，从而准确答题。StrategyThree1.①（原题）

--WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?--______wayasyouplease.(2004福建)②（改编）

--Whichofthe

twowaysshallItaketothevillage?--______wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.EitherDC

不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较:2.①（原题）－HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?

－Ihavenoidea.He_____itthismorning.

（NMET2004全国II）

A.did B.hasdoneC.wasdoing D.haddoneCA②

（改编）－HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?

－Yes.He______itthismorning.即根据句子中的标点符号，如逗号，分号，破折号等，从而正确理解句子含义。标点提示法StrategyFour1.Tomhasmanyfriends;___canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem

Tomhasmanyfriends___canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem

,2.______isknowntousall，Aliceisthemostbeautifulgirlinourschool.A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.which3.______isknowntousallthatAliceisthemostbeautifulgirlinourschool.A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.whichCAStrategyFive克服思维定势法即解题时不能按照已有的思维模式，不能受母语思维或自己已有的英语知识的干扰而产生思维定势，而是要仔细分析句子，从而不落入出题人的圈套。1.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.(2005山东卷)A.change B.haschangedC.changing D.havechanged[解析]易受sbbeusedtodoing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知,hewasusedto为定语从句，修饰先行词thecountrylife。此空格应填谓语动词。2.

Mr.Smithis_____agoodteacher_____weallrespect.A.such,that

B.such,asC.so,thatD.so,as3.Mr.Smithis_____agoodteacher_____weallrespecthim.A4．Isthereashoparound_____wecanbuysometoiletarticles?A.that

B.whichC.where

D.whatStrategySix依据习惯用法即根据英语语言的习惯用法，避免汉语式表达。1.---It’sgettinglate.I’mafraidImustbegoingnow.(2004全国）

---OK._________A.Takeiteasy.B.Goslowly.C.Staylonger.D.Seeyou.2.I'llcometoseeyouif_____.

A.you'reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou3.Hewantstomovehouse,becausehehatesthe_____here.A.crowdedtrafficB.crowdedtrafficsC.busytrafficD.busytraffics一.应注意全面审题,克服顾前不顾后或只顾结构和形式、不考虑语言意义和情景提示的思维习惯;二.充分依据题中信息找出提示，或者全面考虑找出暗示;三.特别注意主从句、插入语、时态、标点符号和一些复杂成分的干扰。

Practicemakesperfect!Summary1._____smokingherewillbefined.

A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever2.Isthisthefactory___wevisitedlastweek.

A.whereB.inwhichC.theoneD.that3.Isthisfactory___wevisitedlastweek.A.whereB.inwhichC.theoneD.thatPleasehaveatry.5.Imetseveralpeoplethereandtwoof____wereforeigners.

A.whom

B.them

C.who

D.which4.Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_____wereforeigners.

A.whomB.themC.whoD.which6.Tomwasingreatneedofmoney,sohe_____$5,000forhiscar.A.paidB.tookC.costD.spend7.Whowouldyourather______you