第一部分知识梳理模块8八unit

Unit Theuniversal狂背单词////////////////////////////////////////////Ⅰ.casta condemnhimforhisbad seizean scoldthe witnessgreatchangesin 的巨大变asstubbornasa therootofall TheStatueof racial declinewiththanks adj.slaveryn.；制→slaven.→slavern.贩prejudicen.vt.使怀有偏见→prejudicedadj.universaladj.共同的，普遍的，全世界的→universen.demandvt.n.要求；需求→demandingadj.evidentadj.清楚的，显然的→evidencen.；mercifuladj.仁慈的，慈悲的→mercyn.unemploymentn.失业→unemployedadj.失业的→employmentn.雇佣→employ雇佣→employern.雇主→employeen.n.tendencyn.倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向→tendv.gradualadj.逐渐的；平缓的→graduallyadv.『联 “增加”“减少”①增加：rise，increase，accumulate，go②减少：fall，decrease，decline，godown ；追 各种“大喊大叫①scream ②cry ③shout ④yell ⑤call “指责，谴责” “-er”结尾的名词一 “-cy”结尾名词荟 机 Theywentdownthestreetatdawntolookforthelostdog.他们在清晨沿着大街去Thebachelorissaidtoabachelor，whograduatedfromWuhanUniversitytwentyyearsago.这个单身汉据说是一个二十年前毕业于大学的学士Allthenelwilldealwiththeiralaffairsduringthe狂背短语////////////////////////////////////////////becondemnedto askforsb’shandin fallin spring break depend apply split ，分participate haveatendency take serve try eclose 15.get 『词块announcethestartoftheopera歌剧的开celebratetheirhappinessthekeycomponentsythemusicalinstrumentsserveashisfirstmusicaltutortakeabrieflookathaveatendencytodosththeabilitytodosthgointoagradualdecline渐渐没anewmusicaltrendeahitholdaconcertatfirstsightgocrazy狂背佳句/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////JustimagineperformingsuchanoperaintheForbiddenCity—therecouldnotbemoreawesome2.Unfortunay，Puccinidiedofaheartattackbeforehecompletedthisfinalscene，andithadtobecompletedbyoneofhisformerstudents，FrancoAlfano.，不幸的是还没写完最后一幕就因心脏病了，这一幕不得不由他以前，WherevertheBeatleswent，therewasaphenomenoncalled‘Beatlemania’—thousandsoffanswouldsurroundthem，screamingandgoingcrazytryingtoseethem.Whiletheblueswaspopular，asamusicalformatitlackedvarietyandwastoosadandslowtodanceto.Nowadays，concertsheldinsportsstadiumsarecommon，anditseemsthateveryfewyearsthereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.Shedemanded要求toknowwhyshehadnotbeentoldfromtheThearticlecondemned谴责thoseofficialswhodoonethingandsayThereareawiderangeofcareeropportunities(机会opentoyoungIusedtobesoft-hearted，butI’mquiteastubborn(固执的)Thepast30yearshaswitnessed()greatchangesinThisisoneofthesongsfromherlatestalbum唱片集Weareoftenscolded责备whenwemakemistakesathome，schoolandAlthoughtheyhavesought(寻求)tofindapeacefulsolution，heisfacingpressuretousegreatermilitary.Firstofall，weshouldmakeprimaryeducationuniversal普遍的Howcanyoudealwiththesedisturbing令人不安的storiesandTheseasstoreheatandreleaseitgradually(gradual)duringcoldMyfatherhasacollection(collect)ofmagazinestowhichIturneverynowandTheyaskedhertobemerciful(mercy)totheTheworkersdemandedthesamewageandthesametreatment!Theremustbenodiscrimination(discriminate).Theyweresearchingforevidenceofhiscrime，andfounditwasevidentthathemurderedtheAnincreaseincrimeisoneoftheresultsofunemployment，sotheernmentandtheemployersshouldpaymuchattentiontotheemploymentoftheunemployedandThereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoreturntothehometowntostarttheirbusiness.Themiddle-agedtendtodothat.(tend)Judgingthedisturbedlookfromher，Iknowshehasheardthesplitup，(be)condemnedto，applyfor，gocrazy，participatein，breakup，atfirstsight，fallinlovewithAtfirstsightthehouseappearedtobeempty，butactuallyitTheboatdroveagainsttherocks，brokeupandsankinafewAllstudentsshouldbeencouragedtoparticipateinsportstobuildtheirbodyAssoonasIcametotheoldtown，IfellinlovewithitimmediaIwouldliketoapplyforthepositionthatyouadvertisedontheOurteamsplituptoworkindifferentpartsoftheThemanwascondemnedtolifeThethingsbecameworseandworse.IwouldgocrazyifthiswentAsfarasI’mconcerned，nothingismoreimportantthanIexpectyoutodowhatyoucanwithwhatyouhave，whereveryouYou’dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyouforget趁你还没忘你最好把记下来Itseemsthattheskywillclearup，anditpromisestobeafinedayWhilesuchadrughasnotbeendeveloped，ongoingresearchsuggestsitispossibletodoso.要点突破cast )cast 使沮丧/castlight castashadowon castsbas ①Theinformationofferedbytheoldmanmayhelpcastlighton/uponthe②Hehascastherasanambitiouslawyerinhislatest[佳句背诵]Hisfather’ssuddendeathintheaccidentcastashadowonhim.(2019·大他父亲在事故中突然给他的心灵蒙上了一层阴影condemnvt.condemnsbto(do) 某种刑罚；被迫接受困condemnsbtocondemnsbfor ng) 单句语法填空/①Thejudgecondemnedthedrunkdrivertostay(stay)inprisonforsix②Anyattempttosetbackthewheelofhistoryiscondemnedto任何要使历史的企图都是注定要失败的[佳句背诵]Thosewhodonotlearnfromthepastarecondemnedtorepeat高考短文写作darevt.&vi.&aux.dare常见搭配：daretodosth“敢于做某事”。在否定句和疑问句中，to变化，后面跟动词，其否定式为darenot。Idaresay为习惯说法，意为“我想，我敢说”。单句语法填空/①Theydarenoty(y)ajokeonhimincase es②Idarednotaskhertodancewithmeatthe→Ididn’tdareaskhertodancewithmeatthe[佳句背诵]IdaresayIwillbequalifiedwiththejob.(2018·浙江高考表达demandvt.n.bein(great)demand meet/satisfyone’sdemands demandtodo demandthat...(should)do 单句语法填空/①Themanagerdemandedthattheworkers(should)workextrahourstocompletethetaskaheadoftime.②Bicyclesharingisquitepopular;itisingreatdemandinthis[佳句背诵]It’sdemandedthatstudentshavetwoPEclassesaweekandrunfor20minuteseveryday.(2018·卷Ⅱ表达)20declinen.，；减少；下降vi.&vt.；下降；婉言谢fall/gointo indecline/onthe 在中，走下坡declinetodo 做某单句语法填空/fellintodecline.②Asshewasolder，hermentalpowerswereonthe→Asshewasolder，hermentalpowerswerein[佳句背诵]Agreatdeclineinyoungworkislikelytooccurin，forseek(sought；soughtvt.&vi.seek(for)sth/sbfrom seekafter seektodo seekone’s 单句语法填空/①Weseektohelp(help)everystudentdiscoverthejoyandfulfillmentintheobtainmentofknowledge.②Intheearly1920s，thousandsofpeoplewenttoAustraliatoseektheir2020[佳句背诵]Lastweek，agroupofinternationalstudentsvisitedourschooltoseekafterourtea-drinkingculture.(2018·浙江高考表达)[名师指津]表示“寻找”的短语还有：lookfor，searchfor，huntforfallinlove(withsb)爱上()，相爱，坠入爱fallinlovewith“突然爱上”beinlovewith“爱/喜欢”选词填空(fallinlovewith/beinlove①NancywassoattractivethatJimmyfellinlovewithherthefirsttimehesawher.Nowtheyhavebeeninlovewitheachotherfor3years.fall fall fall 被……fall 单句语法填空/②Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldn’thavefallen③Whenhiswifelefthimhisworldjustfellbreakup[一词多义]breakup①Aftertheend-of-termexaminationalltheschoolsbegintobreakup.②Helosthisjobandhismarriagebrokeup.③Ifyoudonotunderstandherinthismatter，youmighteasilybreakupwithher.分④Theybrokeupthepartnershipbecauseofthedisagreement.结束(关系等⑤Asthemeetingbrokeup，theparticipantsweredividedintosmallergroups—twosandthrees.解散；结束⑥Therearenstobreakthe upintoseveralsmallerindependent“否定词＋”表示意JustimagineperformingsuchanoperaintheForbiddenCity—therecouldnotbemoreawesomesetting！(原句想象一下在上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更棒的场景了句中couldnotbeamore...为“否定词＋”结构，表示意义。表示最用形容词的形式表示含义的结构有alltheotheralltheother·anyoneanyoftheother·not/never/nothing等表示否定意义的词＋a/an＋＋单数名英语中其他可表示意义的结构(＋than...)……①Thericefieldsaroundmelookedlikeagoldensea.Ihaveneverseenmorebeautifulscenerythanit!→Thebookhasagreatereffectonmethananyother→Thebookhasagreatereffectonmethanalltheother→Thebookhasagreatereffectonmethananyoftheother③MrStevensonisgreattoworkfor—Ireallycouldn’taskforabetter(good)为先生工作真好，我实在找不到比他更好的了before，Unfortunay，Puccinidiedofaheartattackbeforehecompletedthisfinalscene，andithadtobecompletedbyoneofhisformerstudents，FrancoAlfano.(原句)不幸的是还没写完最后一幕就因心脏病了，这一幕不得不由他以，的学生法兰高·完成(1)beforebefore引 (5)以免……(6)趁……①Thereisonlyonemoredaytogobeforeyourfavoritemusicgroupy②Theyoungcouple，whoreturnedmylostwallet，leftbeforeIcouldaskfortheirnames.③Ifyoumissthischance，itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherbeforeItwon’tbe用不了多久就会Itwillbe要过多久之后才Itwasn’t没过多久就Itwas过了多久才④Itwillbeanhourorsobeforewegettothetopofthemountain.(2017·6月浙江高⑤Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeet⑥Itwasnotlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedonthescenetorescuethesurvivorsofthenecrash.考纲词汇专练多义词专练—— ①HaroldPinter’snewycastIanHolminthelead②Shecast ingsinhisdirectionwhenhecame③Thelittleboycastastoneintothe④TheyhasacastoffiveandmysonisamongA.收藏品，收集的东 B.定期收 C.募 D.一群 E.(小说、诗歌等的①Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture，coloredglass，andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.(2018·②EveryChristmaswehaveacollectionandgivethemoneytoa③Therewasaninterestingcollectionofpeopleatthe④Myfatherhasastamp⑤Garbagecollectionsaremadehereevery微阅读——thespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbetter(2018·卷Ⅰ阅读C)普遍的experiencingphysicalpain，andmuchmore.(2018·高考阅读七选五)最后期 albumcontainingpicturestakenduringthejourney(C)影集Theman① theboyforwhathehaddoneinpublic.Hardlyhadtheboyrunawaywhentheman② himbythecollar. 答案①DThereisa①thatmoreandmoreyoungpeopleare②tolistentoclassicalmusic.Sothenumberoftheyoungpeoplewhoenjoyclassicalmusicisindecline. 答 1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——Nothingintheworldismorevaluable(valuable)thanHeisthemanwhoparticipatedintheexhibitionwithyouAfterthethoroughcleaning，ourschooltookonanewItiswidelybelievedthateducationalstandardsareinNotthatI’munwillingtogo(go)withyou，butthatI’mbusyElectricitylinesto30，000homesweregradually(gradual)beingrestoredItisresearchfindingsthatcastnewlightontheoriginofourWewillbeexploringdifferentapproachestogatheringinformation，maybenoneofthemservingasasolution.Itwasseveralminutesbeforewerealizedwhatwashappening—ourdogwastrappedinanewly-dugtunnel.SometimesIcan’thelpthinkingoftheolddayswhenwewerealwaysgettingscolded(scold)bythelocalfarmer.用所给词的正确形式填空——Thestudyinvolvedcropsgrown(grow)insixprovincesofnorthernbetween1992and2007.Oneday，apoortravelerarrivedinthevillage.Hehadnofoodormoney，andhadeaten(eat)nothingforIwouldadjustthepreviousnifIwere(be)you，nowthatsomanyunexpecteddifficultieshavearisen(arise).Thoughbeaten(beat)overandoveragain，webecame( e)moredeterminedandeventuallysucceeded.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——Thewereinvestigatingthecaseanddeclinedgivemoredetails.give前加Thelittleboydarenottogooutinthedarkness.Itwon’tbelongbeforewewillknowtheresultoftheexperiment.Theemployeesdemandthattheirsalarieswillberaised.will→shouldOnfirstsightthehouseappearedtobeempty，butactuallyitThemanwasfoundguiltyofarmedrobberyandcondemnedofeightyears’imprisonment.of→to根据语境判断加黑词的正确含义—— C.抓 ItstruckmethattherewasnooneatTherebelsseizedthecapitalafteraviolentattack.B3.Madonna’ssongtoppedthechartsforovertenweeks.AAIfyou’rethinkingaboutgettingintoTEFL，don’thesitatetobookaweekortwowithAlyxandPaul.BeforetheprogramIwasworryingaboutwhetherI’dhavetheconfidencetomanageaclassonmyown.NowIwouldsayyoudon’thavetoworryatall.Theacademyprovidestheperfectenvironmentforyoutoexperiencetheday-to-dayproblemsofanEFLteacherinamorerelaxingenvironment，greatforheltobuildupconfidenceandforteachingnewbieslikeme!Despitebeinggivenlessonns，AlyxandPaularemorethanhappyforyoutoaltertheseandadaptthemtoyourownalstyleifyouwish.Thelessonnsareindepthandallnecessarymaterialsareprovided，makingyoufeelincontrolandpreparedforeverylesson.Butifthingsdogowrong，they’realwaysonhandtohelpyouout!Theacademyitselfisverymodern，invitingandfresh，withaveryprofessionalfeel.Youwillenjoyworking！ThestudentsattheacademyareveryappreciativerespectfultowardsyouandeveryoneiseagertolearnbothEnglishandaboutyou!Thismakesteachingthemevenmoreenjoyableasthereisachancetoreallybuildaclosebondandengagewiththem.Academyaside，theapartmentprovidedbyAlyxandPaulisofaverystandard.LocatedonacentralstreetwithinValenciawithgoodtransportlinks，youareneverfarawayfromsomethingtodo.Theroomsarespaciousandthebathroomandkitchenarealsowellequippedforallyourneeds.Valenciaitselfisanamazingcitywithagoodmixtureofoldandnewbuildings.TheoldtownisperfectforalazySundaymorningwalk.ThepeoplearereallyfriendlyandmostcanspeakalittleEnglish.Valencia的一所学校教英语，Whatwastheprogrammostprobablystartedfor?A.EncouragingpeopletovisitValencia.Helimprovepeople’sHelspreadEnglisharoundtheEncouragingpeopletoteachEnglishata答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，作者主要在一所学校教学，又Thestudentsattheacademy...iseagertolearn可知，这个项目旨在WhatdoweknowabouttheauthorbeforetheShelackedteachingShewasveryconfidentaboutShedidn’treallywanttogotothatShelookedforwardtoarelaxing答 [细节理解题。根据第二段中的Iwasworryingabout...aclassonmyforteachingnewbieslikeme可知，作者在去那之前缺乏教学经验。WhatdowelearnafterreadingtheTheauthorlivedafast-pacedlifein authorhad great inPeopleinValenciadon’tconsiderEnglishThestudentsatthatschoolarenoteasytodeal BEverywherewelook，wearesurroundedbytechnology.Weheavilyrelyontechnologywhereweareabletoseeintothelivesofeveryonearoundus.ThereareothermoreusefulappslikeMapswhereyoucanuseaGPStogetfromonecetoanother.Itisnowonderthatweareconstantlylookingdownatourphonesandotherdevices(设备).And，thatisaproblem.Prettysoon，Ifearthatpeoplewillnolongerbeabletocommunicatefacetoface.Iallylovebeingabletositdownandhaveaconversationwithsomeonesanscellphonesanddistractions(令人分心的事物).Itshowsthatyoucareaboutwhoyoutalkingtoandwanttoinvolveandlistentothem.Thecellphonecanwaituntillater.WhatIreallydislikeisthatyoungerandyoungerchildrenareusingtechnology.Insteadofyingoutsidewithfriends，theyareyingoniPads，iPods，orgames.Insteadofhavinglittlegamesorbooks，childrennowhaveelectronicdevicestousetodistractthemevenifwaitingatdoctors’appointmentsetc.Theywantphonesatyoungages.Theyhavetexting.Ioverheardsixthgradersonedaytalkingabouttotalktothem.useinareassuchasmedicine.Butweshouldn’tbeaddictedtosomanyofthesedevicesthatweforgettolookaroundandseewhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了如今人们严重依赖科技产品的现Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?A.Sometechproductsleaveusunabletofocus.B.SocialmediaappsmakepeoplemoreC.Manypeopleusuallymisusesocialmediaapps.D.Technologyprovidesuswithaconvenientlife. 这些电子设备便分散了人们的注意力，故选A项。]Whichcanbestrecetheunderlinedword“sans”？A.inneedof C.inspite 答案B[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“I allylovebeingabletositdownandhaveaconversationwithsomeone”可知，作者愿意与人面对面地交谈，那么此时与之交谈的人则不会正在使用或其他分散注意力的事物因此选BWhat’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsusingtechnologyinmedicine? 答案D[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“And，thatisn’t...suchasmedicine”全是件坏事，即作者对在上使用科技持支持的态度。]WhatdoestheauthorreallywanttoshowintheWeshouldtakeastepbackfromconstantlyusingTheelectronicdevicesarecloselyconnectedwithourSocietyshouldnolongerbebasedonWeshouldsaygoodbyetoelectronic答案A[写作意图题。分析文章结构可知，文中第一段引出问题：人们过多地了我们不能完全依赖电子设备这样的观点。由此可知，选项A正确。](2019·市高三摸底调研测试HowtoSayNoLikemostpeople，yournaturalinstinct(本能)isprobablytohelpotherswhenyoucan.1Whetheryou’redeclininganinvitationtoapartyorturningdownanewprojectatwork，youcansaynowhilestillbeingrespectful.Whateverthesituationis，beclear，politeandfirmwhensayingno.Expressyourthanks.2Ifyouhavetoturnsomeonedown，expressyourthankstheythoughtofyouinthefirstce.Youcouldsaysomethinglike，“Thanksforconsideringmeresponsibleenoughtowatchyourkids.I’msorrythatI’mbusythatThinkbeforeyouspeak.Ifyousaynoimmediay，itmightseemlikeyoudidn’tconsidertherequest.Inordertoberespectful，takeamomenttothinkaboutyouranswer—evenifyoualreadyknowwhatitisgoingtobe.3 Giveaclearanswer.Sayingnorespectfullyshowsthatyou’rehonestanddirect.4Ifyoucan’thelp，sayno.Ifsomeoneisaskingyouonadateandyoudon’twanttogo，makethatclear.5Youcansaynowithoutcompleyturningdowntherequest.Bysettingboundaries，youcanmakeitclearexactlywhatyoucandoandwhatyouarewillingtodo.Forexample，youcouldsay“I’mnotfordinner，butIwouldbecomingforaquickdrinkafterwork.”FindawaytoTakeapause，andthenkindlysayButsometimes，youjustneedtosayIt’sstrangetofeelguiltyforturningsomeoneMakeitclearthatyousincerelyappreciatebeingIfyoufeelitnecessary，youcanalsoprovideareasonforyourDonotgivepeoplefalsehopethatyouwillbeabletosatisfytheir【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了如何有礼貌地别人1.C[前面讲到“帮助别人可能是人的一种本能”，接下来话锋一转，说到“在有的情形下你可以礼貌地别人”，前后是转折关系，所以选C项。]2.E[本段的第一句“表达你的谢意”为段落句，所以空处意在进一步解释说明这一而选项E的意思是“要表达清楚你很真诚地感激受到邀请”，以E项符合语境。]B[本段首句为段落句，意为“在说(不)之前要思考一下”，而B项的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地”，与此处匹配，所以选B项。]G[由本段内容可知，本段主要讲明确答复对方，有礼貌地别人表示你是与本段所表达的意思相符，所以选G项。]A[根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在别人的时候，可以留有余地，表达清所表达的意思相符，所以选A项。]PeoplehavebeenstudyingthemethodsofpersuasionsincethedaysoftheancientGreeks.Theyhavefoundthatlisteners aspeaker’sideasfortworeasons—becausetheyare2overbythespeaker’sevidence，orbecausetheyaremovedbythespeaker’semotionalappeals.Ifyouhopetobe3，youmustsupportyour4withevidence—examples，statistics，andotherfactsusedto5something.Asyouprepareyourspeech，tryateachpointtoimaginehowyouraudiencewill6.Justexpecttheir7andanswerthemwithevidence.8whatkindofevidenceyouuse，itwillbemorepersuasiveifitisstatedin9ratherthangeneralterms.Whenmakingaspeechaboutnoisepollution，10，yousay，“Lotsofpeoplesufferfromhearingloss.”Thatwillleavetheaudience11howmany“lots”amountto.12，bysaying“28millionAmericanssufferfromserioushearingloss，”youwillmakeyourpointmuch13Youcan14 persuadeyourlistenersbyappealingtotheiremotions—fear，anger，emotionallanguage. youwanttomoveyourlisteners，usemovinglanguage.MaryFisher，anAmericanpoliticalactivist，isparticularly16forherspeechonfightingAIDSmadeinHoustonin1992.Ithasbeenregardedas“oneofthebestAmericanspeechesofthe20thcentury.”Asshespoke，theconferencehallfellunusually17andmanypeopleweremovedtotears.Theywere18byFisher’spowerfulwordsandheartfelt19.Afterward，mostlistenersowedthe20ofthespeechtoitsemotionalpower.Evenwhentryingtomovelistenerstoaction，however，youshouldneverreceevidencewithemotionalappeals.Youneedtobuildagoodcasebasedonfactsinadditiontoarousingtheemotionsofyouraudience.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了两种增强说服力的方法 答案B [winsbover获得的支持或者好感。] [由上文的themethodsofpersuasion可知，这里应填persuasive。]