2022-2023学年山东省滕州市高一下学期期中考试英语试题

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页山东省滕州市2022-2023高一下学期期中考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Weaskedsomereporterstoreadandreviewsomeoftheseason’sbestbooks.Here’swhattheyhadto,say.AMillionViewsBrewsterGainesisanenergeticchild.HewantstobelikehisfavoriteYouTubestarsandgetamillionviewswithonesurprisingvideo.ButBrewstercomestounderstanditdoesn’tmatterhowmanyviewsyourvideogets.Whatmattersisthepeopleyouteamupwithtomakethosevideos.ReaderswhoappreciateastorythatshowsthepoweroffriendshipwillfindthemselvesunabletoputdownthisfascinatingnovelbyAaronStarmer.AMillionViewsfocusesonthejoyoflifebeyondtheInternet.—ByMasonLangerOdderOdderisaseaotterwholovestosomersault(翻筋斗)andswimintheocean.Afterhermotherissweptawaybyastorm,Odderisrescued.Eventually,hercaretakersreleaseherbackintothewild.ThingsaregoingwelluntilOddermeetsagreatwhiteshark.She’srescuedoncemore.WillOddereverseetheoceanagain?Thisbook,byNewberyMedalistKatherineApplegate,iswritteninfreeverse(诗).It’sbasedonatruestoryfromtheMontereyBayAquarium,inCalifornia.Anyonewholovesanimalsandrescuestoriesshouldreadit.—ByAudreyKimWhyHumansBuildUpWhyHumansBuildUp,byGregorCraigie,exploresfamousskyscrapers,towers,andtemplesaroundtheworld.Italsooffersadeepdiveintohistory.Thebookexplainsthemanyreasonswhypeoplehavechosentobuildskyward.Readersalsolearnaboutthehardshipsarchitectshavefacedovertime.Photosandpicturesaddtotheexperience.Thisbookisfulloffunandinterestingfacts.Itwillappealtoreaders,especiallyengineers.—ByAidenAn1．Whoencouragesustoconnecttopeoplearoundus?A．BrewsterGaines. B．AaronStarmer.C．MasonLanger. D．GregorCraigie.2．WhatdoesGregorCraigie’sbookmainlytalkabout?A．Historyoftheworld.B．Worldmysterybuildings.C．Factsandstoriesaboutbuildings.D．Famousarchitectsaroundtheworld.3．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toentertainpeople.B．Toadvertisesomebooks.C．Torecommendsomegoodbooks.D．Tosharesomereadingexperience.DavidGrantandYvonneFaulkner-GrantofWarwickshire.Englandalwayslettheir13-year-olddog,Scruff.pickuptheplasticbottleshefindswhileoutontheirdailywalks.Thedogcarriesthebottleforawhile,andtheykickitorthrowitforhimtochase.ThegameisoverwhenScrufflosesinterestanddropsit.Throughout2021,DavidandYvonneobservedScruff’shabitoffindingeventhemostwell-hiddenbottles.Theyalsonoticedamarkedincreaseintheamountoflitterintheirruralarea.Davidsaystheywerebothtaughtnevertodroptheirtrashaschildren,sotheycouldn’tbelievethatpeoplewerelitteringsomuch.Atthestartof2022,DavidandYvonnedecidedtostartpickingupthebottlestobringhomewiththem.ItwasthelargenumberoflitterthatmadethemdecidetotrainScrufftogatherotherpeople’strash.Sincestartingthisjourney,Scruffhasbecomealocalcelebrityinhisneighborhood.DavidandYvonneneverletScruffpickupanythingdangerous,likeglass.Theyalsoremainappalledbytheamountoflitterthey’reseeing,andhopethatpeoplewillhearScruff’sstoryandeitherstopdroppingtrashor,perhaps,trypickingitupthemselves.Plus,YvonnethinksScrufftooktohisdutiessowell,otherdogscouldeasilybetrainedtodowhathedoesaswell.Intheend,Scruffwasabletogatherup1,334bottles-alongwiththreecups,aPringlestub,andababyfeedingbottle.“Ifwewalkthesamerouteeveryday,hewillfindbottlesonthatrouteeverysingleday,”saidDavid.“Wefeelabitofpridethatwearepickingthemup,butabitofangerthatthey’reeventhere,”Yvonnesaid.4．Inwhichsituationwillthegamebeover?A．Scruffgathers100bottles.B．Scruffthrowsthebottleintothebin.C．Scruffdropstheplasticbottle.D．DavidGrantsellsthebottleformoney.5．WhatwereDavidandYvonnetaughtfromtheirchildhood?A．Don’tdroplittereverywhere.B．Animalsareourfriends.C．Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.D．Everydoghashisday.6．Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“appalled”?A．Independent. B．Displeased.C．Intelligent. D．Disabled.7．HowdoDavidandYvonnefeelabouttheresult?A．Excitedandproud. B．AngryanddisappointedC．Proudandhappy. D．Proudbutangry.LastMonday,IvisitedJalanBesartofindanewfanbladeforastandingfanthatmydaughtershadbroken.I’dworkedintheJalanBesararea30yearsagoandrememberedthattherewerelotsofsmallhardwareshopssellingunusualthingssoIthoughtthatIwouldhavenoproblemfindingafanblade.However,afterwalkingaroundforalmostanhour,Ifoundoutthattheseshopswerenolongeraround.WhenIwasreadytogiveupandgohome,Ispottedanold-fashionedhardwarestore.Afterbeinggreetedbyawoman,Iexplainedmypredicament.Sheimmediatelyaskedmetoshowherthebrokenblade.Outofnowhere,amanwholookedtobeinhis60scameout.Heaskedtoseethebladeandthendisappearedintotheshop.HecamebackwithabladebutitdidnotlookthesameaswhatIhadinmyhand.Wecomparedthetwobladesandhesaidthatitmightwork.Iaskedhimhowmuchitwas.Hetoldmethathehadtakenthebladeoffanoldfanthatsomeonehadbroughtinforrepair.Hesaid:“Itdidn’tcostmeanything,sowhyshouldIchargeyouforit?”Thatreallytouchedme.Itookthebladehomeanditworkperfectly!Mydaughtersgota“new”fanfornothing.WhenItoldthemthisstory,theywereshockedastheyareusedtopatronizingbigmodernshopswhereeverythingistransactionalandtheemployeesgostrictlybythebook.Notsomuchmywife.Sheisalmostinher60s,andsaidthisremindedherofthekindauntiesanduncleswhousedtorunsmallshopsandwerealwaysreadytohelpotherswhenshewasgrowingup.8．WhydidtheauthorgotoJalanBesar?A．Tovisitoldfriends. B．Tofixthebrokenfan.C．Toapplyforajob. D．Tobuyanewfan.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predicament”inparagraph3mean?A．Nervousmood. B．Anxiouswaiting. C．Difficultsituation. D．Embarrassingmoments.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheoldman?A．Honestandhelpful. B．Kindandbrave.C．Determinedandcurious. D．Open-mindedandhumorous.11．Howdidtheauthor’swifereacttohisexperience?A．Shethoughtlittleofit. B．Shewasgreatlysurprised.C．Shecouldn’tbelieveit. D．Sherememberedtheolddays.Formostofus,walkingissomethingwedoautomatically.Itdoesn’trequiremucheffort,somanyofusfailtorememberthebenefitsofwalkingforhealth.Physicalactivitydoesn’tneedtobehard.Whetheryou’reregularlyactiveornot,evenaquickten-minutedailywalkcandeliverahostofhealthbenefits.Butwhathappensifwestopwalkingaheadandstartchallengingourbrainsandbodiesbywalkingbackwards?Notonlydoesthischangeofdirectiondemandmoreofourattention,butitmayalsobringadditionalhealthbenefits.Oneofthemostwell-studiedbenefitsofwalkingbackwardsisimprovingstabilityandbalance.Walkingbackwardscanimprovehowapersonwalksandbalanceforhealthyadultsandthosewithkneeproblems.Walkingbackwardscausesustotakeshorter,morefrequentsteps,leadingtoimprovethemusclesofthelowerlegs.Butthebenefitsofchangingdirectionaren’tjustthat—aninterestinbackwardsmovementhasledresearcherstodiscovervariousotherbenefits.Whilenormalwalkingcanhelpusmaintainahealthyweight,walkingbackwardsmaybeevenmoreeffective.Energyexpenditurewhenwalkingbackwardsisalmost40percenthigherthanwalkingatthesamespeedforwards,withonestudyshowingreductionsinbodyfatforwomenwhocompletedasix-weekbackwardswalk.Walkingbackwardsissimple,butthatdoesn’tmeanit’seasy.So,howcanyouaddwalkingbackwardsintoyourexerciseplan?Whenwalkingbackwards,we’remorelikelytocrashintosomethingorfallover,sointheinterestofsafety,it’sbesttostartindoorswhereyouwon’tcrashintosomeoneoroutsideinaflat,openarea.Lookoveryourshoulder.Keepyourheadandchestuprightwhilereachingbackwithyourbigtoeforeachstep,rollingthroughthefootfromtoetoheel.Onceyoubecomemoreconfidentwalkingbackwards,youcanbegintospeedthingsup.12．Whydoestheauthormention“thebenefitsofwalking”inthebeginning?A．Tointroducethebenefitsofwalking. B．Toshowpeople’slackofexercise.C．Toleadusto“walkingbackwards”. D．Totellustheimportanceofwalking.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expenditure”mean?A．Increase. B．Consumption. C．Experiment. D．Construction.14．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphtalkabout?A．Whenissafetowalkbackwards? B．Whyshouldwewalkbackwards?C．Howcanwestartwalkingbackwards? D．What’stheweaknessofwalkingbackwards?15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．PhysicalActivityIsEasyAndSimple.B．WalkingBackwardsIsReallyGoodForYou.C．WalkingDoesn’tRequireAnySpecialEquipment.D．WalkingAheadChallengesOurBrainsandBodies.二、七选五HowtoMakeFriendsWhenYou’reShyIfyou’vebeenwonderingwhetherit’sevenpossibletogetpastyourshynessandreachouttomakenewfriends,theanswerisYES!Lotsofshypeoplehavefriends,andsocanyou.____16____Joininglocalclubs,signingupforclasses,orattendingnetworkingmeetingsaresomeoftheeasiestwaystomeetpeople.Ifyou’reintoartanddrawing,seeifthereareanyartclassesinyourarea.____17____Fromthere,you’llgettotalktoandsharecommonexperienceswithpeople,Makeitapointtosmileateveryoneyousee.Asmileisoneofthemostattractivethingsthatyoucandisplaywhenyou’remeetingnewpeople.Don’tworryifyoufindithardtosmileallthetime.____18____It’sgreattobeanamazinglistener,butdon’tfeelasthoughyoushouldneverspeakup.Whenyouhaveafewgoodstories,you’llneverrunoutofthingstotalkabout.____19____Learningtosharecanalsohelpyoudeveloprapport(融洽关系)andmakeiteasiertotalkwithothers.____20____Itcanbeassimpleassharingasnackwithaclassmateorco-worker.Trytoshowsomekindnessandgenerosity.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthislist?Ifyouenjoyedit,shareitwithyourfriends,whichreallydoesmakeadifference.A．Thekeyistobehonestwiththem.B．Thisdoesn’thavetobeabigsacrifice.C．It’sokay—newhabitstaketimetostick.D．It’smoreaboutadjustingyourapproach.E．Thepointistoconnectwithotherswhosharesimilarinterests.F．Thatmayseemlikeasimplethingtotalkaboutwhatyoulike.G．Justremeberifyouarebravetogivesonthingyoucangetsomethingabsolutely.三、完形填空Lastweek,Iwasstuckonacrosstownbusduringrushhour.Thebuswasfilledwithcold,tiredpeople____21____withone.another.Twomenbarkedateachotherforanunintentionalpush.Anelderlywomangoton,andnobody____22____heraseat.Angerwasintheair;nomercy(怜悯)couldbefoundhere.Asthebus____23____SeventhAvenue,thedriver’swordscamefromthe____24____“Folks,”hesaid.“Iknowyou’vehada(n)____25____dayandthat’youaredepressed,butIwillhelpout.Wheneachofyouwalksbybeforegettingoff,____26____yourtroublesintomypalm(手掌).My____27____goesrightbytheHudsonRiver,intowhichI’llcastthem.”Itseemedasifaspellhadlifted.Everyone____28____laughing,theirfacesshiningwith____29____.Thepassengerswhohadbeenignoringeachother’sexistenceweresuddenlygrinning(咧嘴笑)ateachother—isthisguy____30____?Atthenextstop,justas____31____,thedriverheldouthishand,palmup,and.waited.Allthe____32____passengersperformedthegestureofputtingsomethingintohispalm.Thedriver____33____thesameactionateverystopthatfollowed.Occasionallywemaysinkintoagreyworld,butsomeonecan____34____itlikearayoflight,showingushope.Whatifwearethelight?Actually,anyonepossessesthe____35____toshineonothers’darkdays.21．A．confused B．annoyed C．impressed D．embarrased22．A．offered B．lent C．lifted D．chose23．A．closed B．approached C．showed D．went24．A．bus B．speaker C．head D．air25．A．tough B．average C．important D．easy26．A．push B．touch C．drop D．take27．A．route B．day C．time D．mind28．A．gaveout B．passedon C．burstout D．liftedon29．A．memories B．pride C．pleasure D．greed30．A．hard B．serious C．mad D．envy31．A．ordered B．promised C．requested D．reported32．A．angry B．fooled C．sitting D．exiting33．A．interpreted B．designed C．repeated D．pretended34．A．break B．brighten C．reward D．exchange35．A．power B．courage C．idea D．heart四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Smallstoriesoftenhaveagreattruthinthem.OnedayI____36____(approach)severalmassivecreatureswhenIcametoasuddenstop.Itwaswellbeyondmethatthesehugeanimalsshould____37____(limit)byonlysomeropes.Itwasobviousthattheanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropes____38____(tie)totheirfrontlegs.However,theydidnot.I____39____(spot)atrainerclosebyandwondered____40____theelephantsjuststoodwheretheywereandhadno____41____(intend)tobreakaway.“Well,”hereplied,“asthey’reveryyoungwetiethemwiththesamesizeropeandit’senoughtoholdthem____42____theirage.Astheygrowup,they’reconditionedtoholdthebeliefthattheycanneverrunaway.Theythinktheropesareboundtostillholdthem,sotheydonotstruggle____43____(break)free.”Iwasshocked.Thelargeanimalscouldeasilymoveawayfromtheirbondsbuttheyfelttheycouldn’t,sotheywerestuckrightthere.Inourlife,anumberofpeoplearebroughtupwiththesamewrongself-limitingthoughts—I’mnotexcellentenough____44____whytryitifI’mnotgoingtomake_____45_____However,weoughtn’ttounderestimate(低估)ourcapability,talentandpotential.Instead,weshouldbelieveinourselves.Afterall,weneedtochangewiththetimesandthinkoutsidethebox.五、根据中英文提示填写单词46．Suchbehaviorsarenotnecessarilytobec________.(批评)（根据中英文提示填空）47．Haveyoutaughthimthes________(策略)ofsurvival?（根据中英文提示填空）48．Thiswasbecauseeachsign,orletter,r________(代表)onlyonesoundintheirlanguage.（根据中英文提示填空）49．Itquitemakesmyforeheada________(疼)!（根据中英文提示填空）50．Thenewmanagementt________(技巧)aimtoimproveperformance.（根据中英文提示填空）51．Theydecidedtostickwiththeiro________(原本)plan.（根据中英文提示填空）52．Thecampaignisclearlyt________(针对)attheyoung.（根据中英文提示填空）53．Illegallyparkedv________(车辆)willberemoved.（根据中英文提示填空）54．Risingpricesares________(吓)customersoff.（根据中英文提示填空）55．Themovefollowsgrowingpublicc________(担忧)overthespreadofthedisease.（根据中英文提示填空）六、汉译英（整句）56．别担心，我不会让你失望的。（汉译英）57．受到好朋友的影响，他变得更加勇敢。（汉译英）58．看到所有人为我鼓掌，我感到非常激动。（汉译英）59．在国外旅行的人有机会了解更多不同的文化。（汉译英）60．我们写信呼吁人们节约用水，减少食品浪费。（汉译英）七、读后续写61．阅读下面材料，根据其内容及所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Christmaswasapproaching,andIhadnoideawhattogetformywife.WehadjustmovedtoItaly.Donnawasawayattendinganimportantmeeting,soIhadtherestoftheweektofigureoutwhattogetherasaChristmasgiftbeforeshegotback.MyhousepartnerwhileDonnawasawaywashercat,Princess,whowaseverythingthathernameimplied.IwaskeepingPrincessindoorsinournewhomeuntilshebecamefamiliarwiththeplaceandthenplannedtoslowlyintroducehertothegreatoutdoors.Princesshadotherideas,andslippedoutofthehouseasIwasbringinginsomefood.BythetimeIhadturnedaroundandgonebackoutofthedoortolookforher,shewasgone.DonnawouldbebackinafewdaysanditwouldruinChristmasforbothofusifPrincesswasnotbackbythen,safeandsound.DonnahadalreadyexcitedlytoldmeoverthephonethatshehadfoundseveralfuntoysanddelicioussnacksforPrincessasChristmasgifts.Shecouldn’twaittogetbackandwrapthemup.Iwasinbigtrouble.IhadtofindPrincessassoonaspossible.So,ImadeupaposterofthecatthatIpersonallydrewbecauseIcouldn’tfindaphotoofheranywhere.Iwassuremywifehadhundredsonherphone,butIdidn’tdareaskherforone.Perhapsbecausemyposterwerenotsoclear,soonpeopleintheareacametomyhousewithseveralhomelesscats.ThoughPrincesswasn’tamongthem,Iletthemstayinouryard.IfiguredDonnawouldunderstand.Donna’shappydailycallscontinued,asdidmydailysearchesforPrincess.Istillhadn’tmentionedanythingaboutthedisappearancetomywife.Finally,thedaycameformywifetoreturn.注意：1.续写词数应为100左右；2.开头已给出。Paragraph1:Ipickedherupattheairportanddecidedtotellherwhathadhappened._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:WhenDonnasawthehomelesscatsintheyard,hereyesjustfilledwithtears._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页参考答案：1．A2．C3．C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些本季度最好的书籍。1．细节理解题。根据AMillionViews部分的“ButBrewstercomestounderstanditdoesn’tmatterhowmanyviewsyourvideogets.Whatmattersisthepeopleyouteamupwithtomakethosevideos.ReaderswhoappreciateastorythatshowsthepoweroffriendshipwillfindthemselvesunabletoputdownthisfascinatingnovelbyAaronStarmer.(但布鲁斯特逐渐明白，你的视频获得了多少观看量并不重要，重要的是你与之合作制作这些视频的人。喜欢一个展示友谊力量的故事的读者会发现他们无法放下亚伦·斯塔默的这部迷人的小说)”可知，BrewsterGaines鼓励我们与周围的人建立联系。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据WhyHumansBuildUp部分的“WhyHumansBuildUp,byGregorCraigie,exploresfamousskyscrapers,towers,andtemplesaroundtheworld.Italsooffersadeepdiveintohistory.Thebookexplainsthemanyreasonswhypeoplehavechosentobuildskyward.Readersalsolearnaboutthehardshipsarchitectshavefacedovertime.Photosandpicturesaddtotheexperience.Thisbookisfulloffunandinterestingfacts.(格雷戈·克雷吉的《人类为什么要建造》探索了世界各地著名的摩天大楼、塔楼和寺庙。它还提供了一个深入研究历史的机会。这本书解释了人们选择向天空建筑的许多原因。读者还可以了解到建筑师们在过去所面临的困难。照片和图片增加了体验。这本书充满了有趣的事实)”可知，GregorCraigie的书主要是关于建筑的事实和故事。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Weaskedsomereporterstoreadandreviewsomeoftheseason’sbestbooks.Here’swhattheyhadto,say.(我们请了一些记者阅读和评论了一些本季度最好的书籍。这是他们不得不说的)”可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是推荐一些好的书籍。故选C。4．C5．A6．B7．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公大卫和伊冯娜让名叫斯克鲁夫的狗狗捡塑料瓶的故事。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thedogcarriesthebottleforawhile,andtheykickitorthrowitforhimtochase.ThegameisoverwhenScrufflosesinterestanddropsit.”（狗带着瓶子一会儿，他们踢它或扔它让他追赶。当斯克鲁夫失去兴趣，把它扔到地上时，游戏就结束了。）可知，当斯克鲁夫扔掉塑料瓶游戏就结束了。故选C项。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Davidsaystheywerebothtaughtnevertodroptheirtrashaschildren,sotheycouldn’tbelievethatpeoplewerelitteringsomuch.”（大卫说，他们小时候都被教育不要乱扔垃圾，所以他们不敢相信人们会乱扔这么多垃圾。）可知，大卫和伊冯娜从小受到的教育是不要到处乱扔垃圾。故选A项。6．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句子中“…bytheamountoflitterthey’reseeing,andhopethatpeoplewillhearScruff’sstoryandeitherstopdroppingtrashor,perhaps,trypickingitupthemselves.”（对所看到的垃圾数量感到……，并希望人们能听到斯克鲁夫的故事，要么停止扔垃圾，要么尝试自己捡垃圾。）故可猜测，对所看到的垃圾数量感到不愉快，结合选项B项Displeased“不快的；生气的”，意思相近。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Wefeelabitofpridethatwearepickingthemup,butabitofangerthatthey’reeventhere,”Yvonnesaid.”（伊冯娜说：“我们为能把它们捡起来感到有点自豪，但也为它们还在那里感到有点愤怒。”）可推知，大卫和伊冯娜对这个结果的看法是自豪但愤怒的。故选D项。8．B9．C10．A11．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去商店买风扇的叶片，结果没有买到。一个老人免费给了作者一个能用的叶片，作者非常受感动。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“LastMonday,IvisitedJalanBesartofindanewfanbladeforastandingfanthatmydaughtershadbroken.(上周一，我去JalanBesar为我女儿们弄坏的一个立式风扇找了一个新风扇叶片)”可知，作者去JalanBesar是为了修理坏掉的风扇。故选B。9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“I’dworkedintheJalanBesararea30yearsagoandrememberedthattherewerelotsofsmallhardwareshopssellingunusualthingssoIthoughtthatIwouldhavenoproblemfindingafanblade.However,afterwalkingaroundforalmostanhour,Ifoundoutthattheseshopswerenolongeraround.(30年前，我在JalanBesar地区工作过，记得那里有很多小五金店出售不寻常的东西，所以我想我可以很容易地找到一个风扇叶片。然而，在走了将近一个小时后，我发现这些商店已经不在了)”可知，作者找不到可以买到风扇叶片的商店了，即遇到了困境。故画线词意思是“困境”。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Heaskedtoseethebladeandthendisappearedintotheshop.HecamebackwithabladebutitdidnotlookthesameaswhatIhadinmyhand.Wecomparedthetwobladesandhesaidthatitmightwork.(他要求看一下那叶片，然后就消失在店里了。他拿着一个叶片回来了，但它看起来和我手里的不一样。我们比较了两种叶片，他说可能有用)”以及第五段“Hesaid:“Itdidn’tcostmeanything,sowhyshouldIchargeyouforit?”(他说：“我没花一分钱，为什么要收你钱呢？”)”可推知，老人诚实又乐于助人。故选A。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sheisalmostinher60s,andsaidthisremindedherofthekindauntiesanduncleswhousedtorunsmallshopsandwerealwaysreadytohelpotherswhenshewasgrowingup.(她已经快60岁了，她说这让她想起了自己成长过程中善良的叔叔阿姨，他们曾经经营着小商店，总是乐于帮助别人)”可知，作者的妻子记得过去的日子。故选D。12．C13．B14．C15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了倒走的好处以及如何开始倒走。12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Formostofus,walkingissomethingwedoautomatically.Itdoesn’trequiremucheffort,somanyofusfailtorememberthebenefitsofwalkingforhealth.(对我们大多数人来说，走路是一件自然而然的事情。它不需要太多的努力，所以我们很多人都忘记了散步对健康的好处)”以及第二段“Butwhathappensifwestopwalkingaheadandstartchallengingourbrainsandbodiesbywalkingbackwards?Notonlydoesthischangeofdirectiondemandmoreofourattention.butitmayalsobringadditionalhealthbenefits.(但是，如果我们停止向前走，开始向后走，挑战我们的大脑和身体，会发生什么呢？这种方向的改变不仅需要我们更多的关注。但它也可能带来额外的健康益处)”可推知，作者在开头提到“步行的好处”是为了引导我们“向后走”。故选C。13．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“whenwalkingbackwardsisalmost40percenthigherthanwalkingatthesamespeedforwards”以及“withonestudyshowingreductionsinbodyfatforwomenwhocompletedasix-weekbackwardswalk.(研究表明完成六周倒走的女性体脂减少)”可知，倒走比以同样速度向前走消耗的能量高出近40%，故画线词意思是“消耗”故选B。14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Walkingbackwardsissimple,butthatdoesn’tmeanit’seasy.So,howcanyouaddwalkingbackwardsintoyourexerciseplan?Whenwalkingbackwards,we’remorelikelytocrashintosomethingorfallover,sointheinterestofsafety,it’sbesttostartindoorswhereyouwon’tcrashintosomeoneoroutsideinaflat,openarea.Lookoveryourshoulder.Keepyourheadandchestuprightwhilereachingbackwithyourbigtoeforeachstep,rollingthroughthefootfromtoetoheel.Onceyoubecomemoreconfidentwalkingbackwards,youcanbegintospeedthingsup.(倒着走很简单，但这并不意味着它很容易。那么，怎样才能把倒着走加入到你的锻炼计划中呢？倒着走的时候，我们更有可能撞到什么东西或摔倒，所以为了安全起见，最好从室内开始，这样你就不会撞到别人，或者在外面平坦开阔的地方开始。回头看看。保持头部和胸部直立，每一步都用大脚趾向后伸，从脚趾到脚跟滚动。一旦你变得更有信心倒着走，你就可以开始加快速度了)”可知，第四段讲了“我们如何开始倒走”。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Physicalactivitydoesn’tneedtobehard.Whetheryou’reregularlyactiveornot,evenaquickten-minutedailywalkcandeliverahostofhealthbenefits.Butwhathappensifwestopwalkingaheadandstartchallengingourbrainsandbodiesbywalkingbackwards?Notonlydoesthischangeofdirectiondemandmoreofourattention.butitmayalsobringadditionalhealthbenefits.(体育活动不需要很辛苦。无论你是否经常运动，即使是每天十分钟的快速步行也能带来许多健康益处。但是，如果我们停止向前走，开始向后走，挑战我们的大脑和身体，会发生什么呢？这种方向的改变不仅需要我们更多的关注。但它也可能带来额外的健康益处)”结合文章主要说明了倒走的好处以及如何开始倒走。可知，B选项“倒着走真的对你有好处”最符合文章标题。故选B。16．D17．E18．C19．A20．B【导语】本文是说明文。文章给害羞的人在交朋友方面提供了一些建议。16．根据空前“Ifyou’vebeenwonderingwhetherit’sevenpossibletogetpastyourshynessandreachouttomakenewfriends,theanswerisYES!

Lotsofshypeoplehavefriends,andsocanyou.（如果你一直在想是否有可能克服你的害羞，去结交新朋友，答案是肯定的!很多害羞的人都有朋友，你也可以。）”可知，前面肯定了害羞的人可以有朋友。下面要引出方法。D项“It’smoreaboutadjustingyourapproach.（更重要的是调整你的方法。）”符合语境。故选D。17．根据空前“Joininglocalclubs,signingupforclasses,orattendingnetworkingmeetingsaresomeoftheeasiestwaystomeetpeople.Ifyou’reintoartanddrawing,seeifthereareanyartclassesinyourarea.（加入当地的俱乐部，报班，或者参加社交会议都是结识新朋友最简单的方法。如果你喜欢艺术和绘画，看看你所在的地区是否有艺术课。）”可知，这里建议加入俱乐部、报班或社交会议去交朋友，以及空后“Fromthere,you’llgettotalktoandsharecommonexperienceswithpeople,（从那里开始，你就可以与人交谈，分享共同的经历。）”要与有共同经历的人交往。E项“Thepointistoconnectwithotherswhosharesimilarinterests.（关键是要与志同道合的人建立联系。）”符合语境。故选E。18．根据空前“Asmileisoneofthemostattractivethingsthatyoucandisplaywhenyou’remeetingnewpeople.Don’tworryifyoufindithardtosmileallthetime.（当你和新朋友见面时，微笑是你可以展示的最有吸引力的东西之一。如果你发现一直保持微笑很难，不要担心。）”可知，这里建议要养成微笑的好习惯，但是习惯的养成需要时间。C项“It’sokay—newhabitstaketimetostick.（没关系，新习惯需要时间来养成。）”符合语境。故选C。19．根据空前“It’sgreattobeanamazinglistener,butdon’tfeelasthoughyoushouldneverspeakup.Whenyouhaveafewgoodstories,you’llneverrunoutofthingstotalkabout（成为一个出色的倾听者是很好的，但不要觉得你永远都不应该说出来。当你有了几个好故事，你就永远有谈不完的话题。）”可知，建议倾听别人并且要有聊天话题，并且建议聊天中要坦诚。A项“Thekeyistobehonestwiththem.（关键是要对他们诚实。）”符合语境。故选A。20．根据空前“Learningtosharecanalsohelpyoudeveloprapport(融洽关系)andmakeiteasiertotalkwithothers.（学会分享也可以帮助你建立融洽的关系(融洽关系)，让你更容易与他人交谈。）”可知，建议我们学会和别人分享。以及空后“Itcanbeassimpleassharingasnackwithaclassmateorco-worker.Trytoshowsomekindnessandgenerosity.（这可以简单到和同学或同事分享一份零食。试着表现出一些善意和慷慨。）”可知，分享可以是普通的小事，不必是很大的牺牲。B项“Thisdoesn’thavetobeabigsacrifice.（这不必是一个很大的牺牲。）”符合语境。故选B。21．B22．A23．B24．B25．A26．C27．A28．C29．C30．B31．B32．D33．C34．B35．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充满希望。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。A.confused困惑的；B.annoyed生气的；C.impressed印象深刻的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“Someyearsago,Iwasstuckonacrosstownbusduringrushhour.”和下文“Angerwasintheair”可知，因交通高峰期被堵在路上，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。故选B。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。A.offered提供；B.lent借给；C.lifted举起；D.chose选择。根据后文“Angerwasintheair;nomercycouldbefoundhere.(空气中弥漫着愤怒；这里没有慈悲可言)”可知，没人给老妇人提供座位，即让座。故选A。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当公共汽车驶近第七大道时，喇叭里传来司机的话：“伙计们，”他说。A.closed关闭；B.approached靠近；C.showed展示；D.went离开。根据后文“SeventhAvenue”可知，公共汽车驶近第七大道。故选B。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当公共汽车驶近第七大道时，喇叭里传来司机的话：“伙计们，”他说。A.bus公交车；B.speaker喇叭；C.head头；D.air空气。根据上文“thedriver’swordscamefromthe”指司机通过喇叭说话。故选B。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。A.tough艰难的；B.average平均的；C.important重要的；D.easy容易的。根据上文“tiredpeople”可知，句子表示“我知道你们今天过得很艰难”。故选A。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你们每个人下车前经过的时候，把你们的烦恼丢在我的掌心。A.push推；B.touch触碰；C.drop落下；D.take带走。根据后文“yourtroublesintomypalm”可知，司机让乘客把他们的烦恼丢在自己手掌里。故选C。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的路线正好经过哈德逊河，我会把它们投进河里。A.route路线；B.day天；C.time时间；D.mind思维。根据后文“goesright