六级真题阅读

2010年12月

PassageOne

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromise

ofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,sc

ienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlyc

reatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytosc

ientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelieve

thatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsor

eformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepression

rockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldere

ateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturn

edwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthe

bestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacr

ossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightpro

gram,etc.一topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinaneffortto

makethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecome

anefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplin

es（science,technology,engineering,andmath）.Thereisconsiderableandjust

ifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthe

developedwor1dintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andother

regionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities-whilestillpopulari

nelitecollegesanduniversities-haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Huma

nisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandth

efoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyam

ongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightly

regardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovideno

obviouscredentials（资质）formostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.

MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversities

todayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld“education—whichmeansprepar

ationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionso

rtheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocie

tycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewou

Idbeequallyimpoverished（贫困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scien

ceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderst

andwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextr

aordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicated

world.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthath

avedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,b

oth.

52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould

[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople'slivings

tandards

[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation,ssocial

progress

53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstu

diesafterWorldWarII?

[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsy

stem.

[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanistic

studies.

[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisti

cstudies.

[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabett

erworld.

54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?

[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.

[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.

[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.

56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents'creativity.

PassageTwo

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?Thisistheundercurrentofconversati

onatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerg

e,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200years

separatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn*tbeenbornyet,orisababyn

ow.That'sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforallt

heforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmust

becreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEi

nsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein'sday,

therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswho

couldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithse

atstospare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein'strainingtha

tisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager-Kant,Schopen

hauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyanda

bstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn'tlongbeforehebecameaphilosop

herhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis一inmyopinion一the

markofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan（工匠）orspecialistandarealseek

eraftertruth,“Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathi

swellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroug

haknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen,tma

nyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoap

plytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical-andrewarding-efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,“saidColumbiaUniversityph

ysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”Gree

nesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute."Ittakesacertaintype

ofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou'11f

indthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwrotein

his“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalcu

lationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbya

virtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpapers1ikethoseinthemail,wGreenesaid."Weputthemin

thejunkfile.”

57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwop

aragraphs?

[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein'ssuccess?

[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying...itwouldbealotharderf

orhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?

[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

[C]PaperslikeEinstein'swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein.

[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations

[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles

[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations

[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers

答案：52.A)solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems

53.D)Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabe

tterworld

54.B)SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicscienes

55.A)Insufficientfunding

56.C)Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues

57.D)ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges

58.B)Hisindependentandabstractthinking

59.D)Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits

60.C)PaperslikeEinstein'swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday

61.B)waslittleknowninacademiccircles

2010年6月

PassageOneQuestions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaid1

eavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Austral

ia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestarting

in2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn，tmakethenewshereintheUnitedS

tates一we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandM

edicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'u

npaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Des

pitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgro

upsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement”

anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democ

ratioleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,

businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportd

ependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymus

tpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSociet

yOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlive

s:thereis〃noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects一andneeds一p

arentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,

intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotional

andmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects一andneeds一parentstopersistint

heirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesforn

otprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothes

tate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgen

tbutessentia]forthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelar

gebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren,welfare,yetparentsreceivelittl

ehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifypa

rentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityis

notmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistos

tealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyast

oday,schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysome

estimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftime

andmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.

Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits-astheyclearlydo-thebe

nefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclea

rer.

52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedSt

ates?

A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats,B)TheexistingFa

milyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory,D)Theopposition

frombusinesscircles.

54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott*sargumentforparentalsupport?

A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.B)Go

odparentingbenefitssociety.

C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.D)Chi

Idrenneedcontinuouscare.

55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica，slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverning

children，swelfare?

A)Theyfailtoensurechildren,shealthygrowthB)Thefailtoprov

ideenoughsupportforparents

C)Theyemphasizeparents，legalresponsibilities.D)Theyimposeth

ecareofchildrenonparents.

56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation,B)Itrelieslargelyons

ocialsupport.

C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.D)Itisbasicallyasocia

1undertaking.

PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearni

ngandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvotein

largernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterfor

AmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistss

upporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere*snoeasywaytoseewhatthose

figuresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassem

bledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopean

dchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someof

thosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.Asthenationmovesfurtherinto

theObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupport

thepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?

ThewritersofGeneration0(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthat

seekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoansw

erthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObama

supporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,wit

honetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidenta

ndhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhat

itmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a

24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytoprese

rvehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofini

shabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithher

friendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopes

toputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.

She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,〃Idon'thavetowait[until]15years

fromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.

HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditst

hisyoungergeneration，spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology.〃[T

heInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,z，hesays,“andgroupsthatare1ike

-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether.z/That'sexact

lywhattheGeneration0bloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroup

ofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,

growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)t

hey，veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'sno

smallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary-ifambitious-youngpeo

pie,butthemembersofGeneration0areuptothetask.

57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?

A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.

C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.

D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.

58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGeneration0?

A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople，sexpectations.

B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.

C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.

D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.

59.WhatwilltheGeneration0bloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?

A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.

B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.

C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.

D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama，spresidency.

60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration，spoliticalstrengthaccordingto

ProfessorHenryFlores?

A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.B)TheirdesiretochangeAmeri

ca.

C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.D)Theirstrongsenseofres

ponsibility.

61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative,B)Theyrejectconventional

values.

C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges,D)Theyareindifferenttopol

itics.

答案：52A)53D)54B)55B)56D)57A)58C)59D)60

C)61D)

2009年12月

SectionB

PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especi

allyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.Soyoucanimaginethereact

ionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation'ss

choolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly(自鸣得意的)greenvillageofBerkeley,

Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity'spublichighschool,

aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddlescho

ols,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlytu

rnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory?swort

hofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacity

thatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organ

iclunch,toxiccampus.

SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists(活

跃分子)andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattle

overitsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesterne

dgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren,shealthandoverwhat,ifanythi

ng,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithco

nflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathr

eathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreat

isit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscar

esweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthan

justanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmenta

lists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday'sparentsperceiverisk,how

wetrytokeepourkidssafe-whetherit'spossibletokeepthemsafe-inwhat

feelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,i

nourtime,“safe"couldevenmean.

“There'snowayaroundtheuncertainty,“saysKimberlyThompson,presidento

fKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren'shealth."Thatmeansyou

rchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren,tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”

A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemor

etofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposu

re.Towhich1say:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethep

oint.It'sthedangersparentscan't-andmaynever-quantifythatoccurall

ofsudden.That'swhyI'veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagsc

oatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI'velivedblock

sfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven,tbo

Itedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.

52.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?

A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren,shealthinBerkeley.

B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.

C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeleyJsschoolcampusesispoor.

D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.

53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday'sreportdraw?

A)Aheateddebate.B)Popularsupport.C)Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcr

iticism.

54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts'studies?

A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevide

nee.

C)Theydidn'tknowwhotobelieve.D)Theyweren,tconvincedoftheresult

s.

55.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?

A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.

B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.

C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren,shealthhazards.

D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.

56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemostt

ofearfrom.

A)theuncertainB)thequantifiableC)anearthquakeD)unhealthyfood

PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofin

daprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatien

tsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswitha

ppropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomes

andcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistr

atherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年医保

受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatot

alofsevendoctors-twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists-inagiv

enyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudo

n,tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresults

inacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Most

physiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysici

andoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe'sreimbursed（返还费

用）.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalor

surgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisit

canbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30

minutestodiscussapatient?sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernme

ntthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithno

choicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenout

ofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeciineofp

rimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimb

ursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsin

ce1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacar

eerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelm

edwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressur

eforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andreward

themforoptimally（最佳地）managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-bas

edmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyfor