中英浅谈混凝土的施工温度与缝隙

PAGE潍坊学院本科毕业设计PAGEPAGE18第页专业英语翻译DiscusstheconstructiontemperatureandcrackoftheconcretelightlyThesummary,throughobservationliveformanyyears,throughconsultingthemonographaboutstresswithintheconcrete,explaintoconcretetemperaturereason,on-the-spotconcretecontrolandmeasure,preventionofcrackoftemperaturethatcrackproduce.KeywordConcreteTemperaturestressCrackControlTheconcreteoccupiestheimportantpositioninmodernengineeringconstruction.Buttoday,thecrackoftheconcreteiscomparativelygeneral,thecracksarenearlyomnipresentinthescienceofbridgebuilding.Thoughwetakevariouskindsofmeasuresinconstructing,careful,butthecrackstilloccursnowandthen.Tracingittoitscause,itisoneofthemincompletelythatourchangetoconcretetemperaturestresspaysattentionto.Inthelargevolumeconcrete,temperaturestressandtemperaturecontrolaresignificant.Thisismainlybecauseofthereasonoftworespects.Firstofall,concreteoftenappearthetemperaturecrackinnotconstructing,influencetheglobalityanddurabilityofthestructure.Secondly,inthecourseofoperating,thetemperaturechangehasremarkableinfluencethatcan'tbeignoredonthestressstateofthestructure.Whomwemeettoconstructtemperaturecrackinmainly,soonlytoorigincauseofformationandtreatmentmeasure,concreteofcrackmakeadiscussioninconstructingthistext.1、ReasonofacrackHavemanykindsofreasonstoproducethecrackintheconcrete,itismainlythechangesoftemperatureandhumidity,fragilityanddisparityoftheconcrete,andthestructureisunreasonable,therawmaterialsnotuptostandard(ifthealkaliaggregatereact),thetemplateisoutofshape,thefoundationdoesnotsubsideetc.evenly.Thecementemitsalargeamountofheatofhydrationwhentheconcreteishardenned,insidetemperatureisrisingconstantly,causethestressofdrawingonthesurface.Inthecourseofloweringthetemperature,isitcongealfoundationpayrestraintomixalwayslaterstage,willpresentthestressofdrawingwithintheconcrete.Reducingoftemperaturecansurfacecauseheavystressofdrawingveryinconcretetoo.Whenthesedrawthestressandgobeyondresistingtheabilityofsplittingofconcrete,namelywillpresentthecrack.Alotofinsidehumidityofconcretechangeverylightorchangerelativelyslow,surfacehumiditymightchangeheavytheviolentchangetakesplacing.Suchasmaintainingthoroughly,whengettingwetterwhennotdoing,contractsurfacetherearen'tdeformationdoing,oftencausethecracktoo.Theconcreteisakindoffragilitymaterial,tensilestrengthisabout1/10ofthecompressionstrength,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbacklimitwhendrawoutofshapetohave*104only,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbacklimitlocationwhenstretchoutofshapetothereis*104toaddforalongtimetoaddashorttime.Becauserawmaterialseven,waterdustthanunstable,transportandbuildphenomenonofemanatingofcourse,itstensilestrengthisnoteveninthesameconcrete,alotofresisttheabilityofdrawingverylow,itisapttopresenttheweakpositionofthecrack.Amongarmoredconcrete,drawstresstoundertakebyreinforcingbarmainly,concretebearstressofkeepingjust.Orreinforcingbarmixifedgepositiongonetotocongealpresentthestressofdrawinginthestructureinplainconcrete,mustrelyontheconcreteoneselftobear.Requiretoavoidthestressofdrawingoronlyverysmallstressofdrawingappearsofthethegeneraldesign.Buttheconcreteiscooledfrommaximumtemperaturetothesteadytemperatureofoperatingperiodinconstructing,oftencausesizabletodrawthestresswithintheconcrete.Thetemperaturestresscanexceedotheroutsidesandloadthestressescausedsometimes,knowchangelaw,temperatureofstressforcarryonreasonablestructuraldesignandconstructextremelyimportant.2、Analysisof2temperaturestressesCanbedividedintofollowingthreestagesaccordingtotheformingprocessofthetemperaturestress:(1)Itisearly:Buildconcreteisitisitoverbasicallytosendoutheattocementtobegin,generallyoneonedaybyoneself.Twocharacteristicsatthisstage,first,thecementemitsalargeamountofheatofhydration,second,mixandcongealthechangingsharplyofelasticmodelquantity.Becauseofthechangeofelasticmodelquantity,formtheremainingstressintheconcreteinthisperiod.(2)Middleperiod:Uptilltheconcreteiscooleduntilstabilitytemperaturefromcementsendoutheatfunctionbasicallywhenexpiring,inthisperiod,thetemperaturestressismainlybecausethecoolingoftheconcreteandexternaltemperaturechangecause,thesestressesandremnantsstressesthatisformedinearlydaysaresuperposed,mixandcongealtheelasticmouldamountthatgoestoanddoesnotchangemuchduringthisperiod.(3)Laterperiod:Operationperiodafterthecompletecoolingofconcrete.Temperaturestresswhetherexternaltemperaturechangecausemainly,thesestressesandfirsttwokindsofremnantsstressesesarechangedandadded.Canbedividedintotwokindsaccordingtothereasonwhythetemperaturestresscauses:(1)Spontaneousstress:Therearenotanyrestraintortotallystaticstructureattheborder,ifinsidetemperatureisnon-lineardistribution,temperaturestressappearingbecausestructurerestrainsfromeachother.Forexample,thebodyofmoundofthebridge,thephysicaldimensionisrelativelylarge,surfacetemperatureislowwhentheconcreteiscooled,insidetemperatureishigh,presentthestressofdrawingonthesurface,presentthestressofpressinginthemiddle.(2)Restrainthestress:Allofthestructureonesoritrestrainexternalonesomeborder,can'toutofshapeandstressnotcausenotfree.Suchascaseroofbeamroofconcreteandguardrailconcrete.Thistwokindsoftemperaturestressesdrawbackstressescausedtoactonwiththedoingofconcretetogetherfrequently.Itisamorecomplicatedjobtowanttoanalysethedistribution,sizeofthetemperaturestressaccuratelyaccordingtoknowntemperature.Incaseofgreatmajority,needtorelyonthemodeltestorthenumbervaluetocalculate.Toisitmaketemperaturestresshavesizablelimptocreepconcrete,atthestressaccountingtemperature,mustconsidertheinfluencethatcreep,calculateconcretlythatnolongerstatesthinlyhere.3、Controlandpreventingthemeasureofthecrackof3temperatureForpreventcrack,lightentemperaturestresscanfromcontroltemperatureandisitisitsetabouttorestraintermsfromtwotoimprove.城The叠me京asu疯re额of录con嘴tro忘lli哨ng竟tem窑per矿atu式re肺is饶as她fol赠low赵s:久(馆1)I鸽si虫ti刺mpr辨ove顷ag料gre中gat洽eg他rad煤em甩ix优,i骆si总td俩or泰igi爆dc瞎onc拾ret诚et闻os免pen普d,盼mi崇xm腔ixt此ure候to泥ad租opt伴,i清si坐tg谷uid院ea耐ngr丛yp雀har顷mac妄eut越ica历lo壶rp挠las漠tif坡ica怨tio午np弦har鼓mac追eut屑ica筝l,亩etc露.m亩eas牺ure春in排or梢der阔to喘re耕duc谊ec枕eme蹲nt贴con灭sum珠pti弊on诞of促con颂cre作te梅to施add退;庄(筐2)A删dd瞎wat静er掏or尤the惠wa汽ter调to窃co愚ol逢the菊br扣oke穴ns祝ton佳ei泪no雅rde误rt授or再edu凑ce胃the科te格mpe跨rat疤ure购of益bu议ild野ing扎of潜th炸ec晚onc狗ret族ew到hil剑em妨ixi造ng降and笔sh职utt数ing赔th拴ec腰onc泡ret右e;杆(显3)R院edu庸ce俊the撕th叙ick款nes隔so盆fb拔uil柳din亲gw格hil滥eb隔uil痕din归gt膨he泰con港cre狗te系on油hot晕da属y,钓uti谱liz移ea婚nd箩bui社ld矮the坏as券pec孝tt匪od和isp仅el孤the滚he五at;袭群(创4)B伤ury喉th鼓ew碍ate枣rp详ipe珍un蕉der誓gro诞und衡in承th萝ec傅onc担ret停e,席ent德er按the板co设ld鸡wat溜er炉to剧low司er突the添te玩mpe不rat呼ure例op害enl宴y;燃(站5)S愿tip缘ula兆te套rat葛ion抚al谊for好mr淡emo益val夫ti越me,帽th蜻et坐emp欣era版tur策ek末eep症sw冷arm搅th价es忙urf貌ace呀wh窗ile练lo夫wer团ing冬su昼dde链nly提,i托nc努ase凯th边at寨the享ra更pid劈te怪mpe竹rat港ure冬gr恢adi修ent企ta捏kes恰pl贼ace摘in逼th泥ec币onc乒ret洞es啄urf悠ace圆;滑(熊6)T能he售con稀cre问te魂wit浙hm罩edi石um狭and讨lo海ng-质ter柴ma狭nd返exp炸ose童dc糕ons努tru辅cti浸on疾bui搏lds纷a叉pie析ce皆of胶sur绪fac舒eo育rt茧hin总wa毛ll膛str如uct升ure霜,t断ake芒th苦em桌eas萌ure唐of翻ke畜epi伞ng穷war浸mi旋nc既old备se食aso罗n;腐The勉me休asu绩re惩of脆imp赛rov凤ing逼co排ndi舱tio温no猾fr木est邀rai脱nin蹦gi忆s:碑(铲1)D箭ivi有de俭and溉se炭wa牌nd惧div探ide纹on证er践ati回ona政lly标;授(泉2)P坟rev厨ent张th扎ef仪oun尊dat吧ion厌fr柏om坦ris薯ing寄an维df掏all坚ing孩to饥ob繁ig;吼物(读3)R硬ati僻ona怖la桑rra熟nge低men授tc忧ons颤tru闭cti技on剪pro态ces阳s,税pre饲ven霞tt促he娇too塌bi蹄gd装isc废rep继anc喜yi菊ne踪lev尺ati煮on栽and维si芬de仗fro涂me闯xpo确sin软gf千or迎al忧ong宗ti戚me;私筝In哀add窜iti袋on,祸im轨pro伟ve裤the档pe厚rfo富rma扬nce清of蹄th裹ec乐onc婚ret托ea经nd著imp卫rov脊ea号nd门res勾ist盒th障ea表bil昌ity跟of追sp泉lit浩tin珠g,辱str材eng旦the奴nm悉ain级ten替anc游e,资pr喇eve执nt各the鼻su锡rfa畜ce低fro诸mb拍ein乘gd歪one乔an泄dc惜ont愿rac道ted虽,码esp弊eci球all块yg伸uar躺ant层ee谊the摇qu换ali昂ty屈of挺the从co刚ncr旬ete斤is道ve瘦ry锯imp级ort吹ant医to贝pr市eve绵nti耍ng醋the豆cr挤ack锐,s毒hou浑ld合pay吹sp模eci亿al授att颂ent认ion尺to厌av压oid锣ing词pr搭odu只cin北ga怪nd狗run摄nin勇gt明hro牧ugh烦th顾ec愤rac职k,缝th傻eg乡lob畅ali幅ty螺res相ume润di字ts前str老uct班ure艳af粮ter服ap宋pea呜rin填gi谦sv平ery盒di勺ffi涛cul贱t,纳so毛sho驼uld彻re斥ly脚mai梅nly例on咱pr捐eve荷nti子ng转the驱em藏erg赞enc影eo开ft欺he康run骆nin斜gt艰hro沙ugh释cr巷ack令wh奔ile毅co坦nst你ruc卸tin塞g.拐In美con储str舌uct穿ion胖of蛮co逐ncr烟ete堂,拆for迎ra韵ise形tu轰rno蹲ver膀ra援te蝇of敞tem贴pla央te树,d萄ema北nd察con管cre普te粮for读mr墓emo虹val丝as漂so格on飞as呢pos也sib鸽le技tha赶tb找uil修dn党ewl咱yo杠fte漠n.东Sho渣uld战co固nsi谱der坡fo蝇rm激rem群ova穿lt产ime朵pr谷ope售rly剂wh销en因con局cre铸te剑tem晴per闷atu产re厘is沉hig梨her呜th符an背the糠te寸mpe鄙rat困ure违,s兼oa芹sn虚ot筑to件cau忘se徐the减su零per防fic鲁ial努ea持rly研cr汽ack掩of钥co蚊ncr果ete蚂.B议uil船din允gt伞he危ear兰ly氧for说mr犁emo揉val剪ne与wly虾,c啄aus问ev掀ery钢la席rge滩st伐res霜so粱fd山raw盯ing饿on威th牌es蓄urf佛ace闯,t替he混phe蛾nom领eno榴nt粪hat嘉"宅tem革per刊atu赵re牺is衰ass跪aul挎ted柏"超app利ear拥s.陡Bui概ld帐ini妻tia杏ls巡tag木ei姥nc薄onc咐ret健e,后bec勾aus伏eh非eat涝of妄hy厚dra吨tio篇ni须ss束ent虎ou微t,吩the饰su论rfa魄ce给cau批ses翻si史zab懒le境to届dra测wt定he管str刺ess融,s置urf杯ace同te宫mpe述rat奉ure滑is喉al统so挂hig海her茧th魂an还tem束per嘴atu郊re谅at卵thi哲sm齐ome谨nt,微re式mov溜et黎he思tem鼠pla黎te摘at仗thi渡sm暮ome外nt戏,s粗urf违ace悼te垒mpe差rat毅ure佳is湖lo带wer英ed韵sud爪den歪ly,蛙mu贪st挤cau叙se绵tem秀per术atu申re卡gra国die牢nt慈,t愤hus喉ad负da府nd躲dra霜wt妻he粮str雪ess冈on昂th谣es多urf见ace道,吩cha霜nge膛an星da访dd鹊wit规ht著he页hea纳to膨fh舒ydr低ati攀on滨str欺ess匪,i顾na痒ddi骄tio跌n,倦the储co定ncr锈ete禾dr粱ies葡an卸dc庭ont逮rac哪ts桥,t庭he击sup壁erf肆ici赚al简str脑ess废of晃dr最awi抄ng妙rea掌che奏sv跌ery思gr差eat路nu鸭mbe悔rv倦alu非e,青hav懂ed堡ang放er旦of缸cau犁sin忧gt膊he美cra间ck,笔bu救tc辉ove金ra尿li挑ght那-du饰ty妄hea吸ti歉nsu硬lat李or寿wit杀ho狗nt香he敬sur挪fac这ei趁nt妇ime贡af蒜ter败re则mov乖ing甲th专et莲emp惜lat馆e,才fo恼ri三nst唤anc讲ef薄oam陆sp拉ong错e,降etc艇.,班for旬pr茎eve懂nt趋con件cre急te证sur升fac宵ef逆rom禽pr笑odu迟ce壁the尚to恩ob喜ig轧str奥ess寸of梨dr讯awi托ng,买ha蹄ve拨rem群ark厨abl傍er记esu锐lts唇.绩Add搂mu禾scl追ei蚀nfl苗uen揉ce梳to见lar跳ge救vol丰ume宗te哀mpe龄rat还ure桨st目res选so煮fc炼onc猪ret冬ev幅ery往li岭ght茧,炊bec休aus鉴el终arg绵ev弟olu序me焰con捕cre蹈te但inc尸lud万em量usc玉le捷to老be住rat毛ev钓ery山mu罗ch众low挂.J锣ust振ha币ve尿inf套lue雨nce轧on维th炸eg枪ene载ral婶ar悠mor蠢ed稻con巴cre植te.差On李te泊rms厉th稼at予tem筒per阔atu拆re挠is蛾not此ve解ry殖hig融ha榨nd辱the细st船res奔si玉sl国ess幅th夜an英lim赞it扑of氧sur腿ren大der耕ing此,e交ver何yp喇erf析orm叹anc区eo奉ft穷he胀ste帜el聪is吓ste削ady令,a叙nd炉hav交en涝oth盘ing绝to立do否wi化th拖str载ess复st主ate迎,旺tim妈ea论nd龟tem样per到atu豆re.净Li访ne网blo栽ate纽dc攀oef猾fic桂ien汉to桑fs例tee腥la终nd吧con详cre稍te央lin饮eb岁loa矩ted宝co涌eff燥ici卸ent润di刺ffe鸡ren母ce额ver皆yl航igh度t,岸tak首ep弹lac猴el燥itt鹿le魔int铜ern原al海str爽ess纸ve巴ry岂onl赵yb桂etw是een肌th宽et慈wo头whi崇le绸cha迁ngi习ng劣in阻tem纹per晚atu诚re.丽Be赔cau繁se组ela仇st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的安排善施工工编序，避诱免过大傍的高差辜和侧面械长期暴蔑露；祥此外，房改善混秩凝土的至性能，默提高抗燥裂能力戏，加强滤养护，捉防止表娱面干缩厨，特别锁是保证赚混凝土垒的质量带对防止顺裂缝是劣十分重蛋要，应姓特别注迈意避免幸产生贯蛙穿裂缝社，出现满后要恢祖复其结案构的整根体性是寻十分困享难的，意因此施菌工中应篇以预防比贯