欧美文学作业福克纳

WilliamFaulkner

(1897-1962)1BriefintroductionLiteraturecontributionStyleandtechniquesStatueARoseforEmily2ღWilliamCuthbertFaulknerღNationality:AmericanღBirthday:September25,1897ღBirthplace:NewAlbany,MississippiღRemarks:ღAtoweringfigureinAmericanliteratureduringthefirsthalfofthe20thcenturyღConsideredoneofthetwogreatestAmericannovelistsofhiserawithErnestHemingwayღOneoftherepresentivesofSouthernrenaissanceinAmericanliteratureBriefIntroduction3LifeintheSouth:Oxford,Miss.,modelofhisfictionalJefferson,Yoknapatawphacounty,hisfamilymembersprototypesforhisfictionalcharactersTwoinfluentialfigures:PhilipStone,SherwoodAnderson1925,firstnovelpublished,Soldier’sPay《军饷》1929,

twonovels:Sartoris,TheSoundandtheFury1929-1942,mostproductive:2short-storycollections,avolumeofpoetry,11novels1949,NobelPrizeforLiteratureAFable(1954)andhislastnovelTheReivers(1962),bothwonthePulitzerPrizeforFiction4LiteratureContributionsMajorNovels:TheSoundandtheFury(1929)《喧哗与骚动》AsILayDying(1930)《我弥留之际》Sanctuary(1931)《圣殿》LightinAugust(1932)《八月之光》Absalom,Absalom!(1936)《押沙龙！押沙龙！》TheHamlet(1940)《村子》TheTown(1957)《小镇》TheMansion(1959)《大宅》—SnopesTrilogy“斯诺普斯三部曲”

Booksofshortstories:TheseThirteen(1931)《十三篇》Godown,Moses(1942)《去吧，摩西》TheCollectedStoriesofWilliamFanlkner(1950)《福克纳短篇小说集》5

A.Characterization:authorialtranscendence

Theauthortriestowithdrawfrommakingconclusionandjudgment,lettingthecharactersexplainthemselvesandhinderingaslittleaspossiblethereader’sdirectexperienceoftheworkofart.

B.Afalliblenarrator:streamofconsciousness&interiormonologu

Tellingastorybyrecordingthethoughtofone

character,describingthementalandemotionalreactionsofcharacterstoexternalevents,ratherthantheeventsthemselves,withoutregardtologicalargumentornarrativesequenceStyleandTechniques6C.Multiplenarrators:multiplepointsofviewshowingwithinthesamestorydifferentreactionstothesamepersonorthesamesituation,givingthestoryacircularformratherthanalinearstructure

D.Disruptionoftimesequence

E.Open-endedness7NobelPrizeWinner(1949)Oneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthe20thcenturyOneofthemostimportant

Southern

writersHisreputationisbasedonhis

novels,

novellas

and

shortstories.Hewasalsoapublished

poet

andanoccasional

screenwriter.StatusStatus8ARoseforEmily——WilliamFaulkner威廉•福克纳(1897—1962)9EmilyGrierson,theprotagonist,hasbeentwistedinpersonalitybyforcesbeyondhercontrol.Dominatedbyheraristocraticfather,shehasbeenpreventedfrommarryingandafterhisdeathsheisleftaloneandpenniless.ShekillsherloverHomerBarroninordertokeephimwithher.Shedoesnotacceptchangeofthetimeandalienatesherselffromthecommunity.Sheisinsaneandheractionsaregrotesque,butsheisavictim,atragicwomanwhoinvitessympathy.Oneofthethemesofthisstoryistherelationoftheindividualandhisactionstothepast,presentandfuture.Apartfromtheexplorationofpsychologicalreality,thedisplacedchronologyinnarrationisalsocharacteristicofFaulkner’sstyle.10TheMeaningoftheTitleThemeaningofthetitleisambiguous,capableofvariousinterpretations.Aroseisasymbolizingloveandapledgeoffaithfulness.FromthestorywecanseeMissEmilywasdeniedlove.So,inthissense,thetitlehasanironicmeaning.Aroseforsomebodycanalsomeanakindofmemorial,anoffering,inmemoryofsomebody.11WritingStyle

Flashback（倒叙）andforeshadowing（铺垫）aretwooftenusedliterarydevicesthatutilizetimeinordertoproduceadesiredeffect.Flashbacksareusedtopresentactionthatoccursbeforethebeginningofastory;foreshadowingcreatesexpectationforactionthathasnotyethappened.Faulknerusesbothdevicesin‘‘ARoseforEmily.’’

12Themeaningofthestory

Theplotofthestoryevolvesaroundmanyconflicts:theconflictsbetweenMr.Griersonandhisdaughter,theconflictbetweenMissEmilyandHomerBarron,theconflictbetweenMissEmilyandthecommunity,theconflictbetweentheSouthandtheNorth,theconflictbetweenMissEmilyandtheestablishedcodesofconduct,andtheconflictbetweenthepastandthepresent.Thereaders’differentfocusontheseconflictsmayleadtodifferentinterpretations.Onthewhole,ittellswhatitisliketoliveintheAmericanSouthbetweenthe1860sandthe1930swhentheSouthhadtodigestthelossofthewarandcopewithitslegacyinachangingsociety.13TheCharactersofAmilyBornintoanaristocraticfamilyoftheSouth,MissEmilywasproud,self-importantandobstinate（倔强的）likeotherGriersons.Asaladyfromsuchafamily,sheenjoyedahighbutobsoletesocialstatus.Ontheonehandshewasplacedonapedestalforpeopletoadmireasifshewereperfect.Shewascloselywatchedbythecommunityandwasalwaysexpectedtobringhonortothetownandsetagoodexamplefortheyoung.ShewasviewedasarepresentativeoftheSoutherntradition,“anidolintheniche”.Nominatedbyherfather,aniche.shewasdeprivedofallopportunitiesforahappymarriageandthusforanormalwoman’slife.AftershebegantocourtwithHomerBarron,aNorthernlaborer,shewasaccusedofbeingadisgracetothetownandabadexampletotheyoungpeople.Thepatriarchalandsocialpressurewarpedhercharacter.Shetriedhardtoclingtothepast,whichmeantprivile