中考英语专项训练时文阅读

中考英语专项训练：时文阅读

（材料一）你还记得马丁•路德•金的著名演说《我有一个梦想》吗？

AbriefAfrican-Americanhistory（II）

1920s：TheHarlemRenaissance哈勒姆文艺复兴

Duringthe1920s,manyAfrican-Americanartists,poets,writersandmusiciansmovedtoHarlem,asectionof

NewYorkCity.Theybecamewell-knownfortheirwriting,artandmusic.

1954〜1956:Fightingforcivilrights为民权而战

Duringthe1950s,African-Americanleadersbegantousemarchestodefeatracistlaws.Theireffortsareknown

asthecivilrightsmovement.

1963~1965：MarchinWashington,D.C.华盛顿大游行

OnAugust28,1963,therewasahugemarchinWashington,D.C.Itattractedmorethan200,000marchers.At

themarch,MartinLutherKingJr.*deliveredhisfamous”[haveadream“speech.Afterthemarch,Kingandother

civilrightsleadersmetwithPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.In1964,theCivilRightsAct（《民权法案》）wassignedinto

law.ThelawguaranteedequalrightsforAfrican-Americansinemployment,voting,andtheuseofpublicfacilities.

1968:MartinLutherKingJr.iskilled马丁•路德•金遇刺

In1968,MartinLutherKingJr.wasshotandkilledinMemphis（美国孟斐斯市）.Hewas39yearsold.Since

1986,thethirdMondayinJanuaryhasbeenMartinLutherKingJr.Day.ThenationhonorsKing'sspiritandthe

greatstrideshemadetowardequalityforallAmericans.

（材料二）2008年11月4日，这一天将会被载入史册……

AbriefAfrican-Americanhistory（111）

1972:Takingaffirmativeaction采取积极行动

In1972,Congresspassedtwoimportantlaws.TheyhelpedincreasejobopportunitiesforAfrican-American

workers.Thelawswerecalledaffirmativeactionlaws.Theyrequiredgovernmentsandpublicinstitutionstohiremore

minorities,includingAfrican-Americanandfemaleworkers.

1983:JesseJacksonrunsforPresident杰西•杰克逊参加总统竞选

In1983,JesseJackson*,afamouscivilrightsleader,announcedhisplantorunforPresident.Jacksonranin1984

and1988.Jackson，stwocampaignswereimportantbecausetheyshowedthekeyroleAfrican-Americanpeople

playedinnationalpolitics.

1995:TheMillionManMarch一百万人大游行

OnOctober16,1995,about400,000people,mostlyAfrican-Americanmenandboys,participatedintheMillion

ManMarch.ThemarchwasaimedaturgingAfrican-Americanmentobeleadersintheircommunitiesandtowork

togethertoimprovelifeforallAfricanAmericans.

2009：Achievingpoweringovernment奥巴马竞选总统成功

November4,2008,willbeforeverrememberedasthedaychangecametotheUnitedStates.Americanvoters

wenttothepollsandgaveBarackObamaaresoundingvictory.OnJanuary20,2009,twomillionpeopleshowedup,

whenObamaofficiallybecamethefirstAfrican-AmericanPresidentoftheUnitedStates.

（材料三）你能想象一个没有电的世界会怎么样？

Electricity

*Whatisit?

Electricityisenergy.Justlikeweeatburgersandchocolatetokeepusgoing,machinesandgadgets“eat”

electricitytokeepthemgoing.Inourhomes,electricityrunsthelights,appliancesliketoasters,televisions,toysand

more.It'shardtoimaginewhatourlifewouldbewithoutelectricity.

However,ifelectricityisusedunsafely,itcancreateafirehazardorcausesomeonetobeelectrocuted.Butwhy

iselectricityadanger?

*Howdoesitwork?

Whatisaconductor?

Aconductorisamaterialthatelectricitycanflowthrougheasily.Waterisagreatconductor.Infact,ourbodies

arcmostlywater.Itmeanselectricitycanalsotraveleasilythroughus!

Theelectricitythatreachesourhomestravelsinacircuit.Theenergyissuppliedbypowerplants.Thenthe

powerlinescarryelectricitytoourhomes.Theselinesarcgreatelectricalconductors.Soitisdangeroustotouchthem.

*Contactwithelectricitycancause:

Electricshock:Thisiswhenanelectricalcurrentpassesthroughthebody.Evenasmallshockcanbefrightening

andpainful.

Burns:Electricalcurrentscanburntheskin,nerves,musclesandtissuesinthebody.

Death:Asevereelectricshockcouldcauseaproblemwithyourbreathandheartbeat,possiblyleadingtodeath.

（材料四）谁说富家子弟只能坐吃山空？近日，加拿大一银行便开设了教“富二代”学习理财的课程。

CanadianBankTeachesRichKidsHowtoStayRich

WealthmanagersatBankofMontreal（力口拿大蒙特利尔银行）kepthearingthesamewordsfromsomeof

Canada'srichestfamilies:Helpme!Mykidsknownothingaboutmoney!

Nowadays,thebankgivesaone-dayseminartothechildrenofrichfamilies,andteachestheheirsandheiresses

howtomanagetheirmoney.

“Richparentsarcveryhappytolettheirchildrenattendtheseminar,wsaidamanager.

Furthermore,thefinancialcrisishasuppedappetitesfortheseminar.Itwillteachchildrensomekeythings:how

tosetgoals,balanceabudget,andavoidgettingswindled.Andthecodewordfortheseminaris“discretion.”

However,infact,manychildrenareforcedtoattendbytheirparentswhocontrolthepursestrings.Forexample,

achildsaid,“Ilovedrawingandplayingtheguitar,butmyfathertoldmethatIhavetogotothis,orhewillcutmy

allowanceoff.”

（材料五）如今，能说一口流利中文的外国人很多。但是，说到开设中文学习网站，17岁的英国女孩Daisy

也许是第一个。

Let'slearnChinese!

BritishgirlDaisyRaffannotonlycanspeakfluentChinese,butalsorunsawebsitetoteachkidsChinese.

The17-year-oldgirlestablishedthewebsite——onJanuary26,2009.Shehadthebrainwave*afterher

momtookhertolessonstolearnthelanguagewhenshewasjustfive.

OnDaisy'swebsite,kidscanlogonandtuneintoDaisy'slessonswhenevertheylike,eitherathomeorinthe

classroom.Eachlessonhasfourdifferentparts:

Language:Kidswilllearnnewwords.

Writing:Kidswilllearntowritenewwordsandnumbers.

Culture:Inthispart,DaisywilltellyousomethingaboutChineseculture,suchasthepeopleandthefood.

Practice:kidscanhear,repeat,andthenpracticethewordsthey'velearned.

Eachweek,“KidsChineseClub"willchooseits“StarsoftheWeek"一thekidsthathavedoneagoodjob

inthepastweek.

Thewebsiteisfun,anditalsohelpsBritishkidslearnChinese.BritishPrimeMinisterGordonBrown*has

alreadypraisedDaisyandsaidthatlearningChineseisimportantforBritain'sfuturegenerations.

（材料六）西方有哪些最令人匪夷所思的迷信呢？一起来了解一下吧！

Top10OddSuperstitionsaboutFood（I）

Superstitionsfillpeopleslifewithinnocentfun,buttheycanalsobeincrediblyodd.Herecomefiveofthe

oddestsuperstitionsaboutfood.

10.Hollowbread

Itwasonce（andperhapsstillis）asuperstition.Ifyoufindaholeinthebreadyoucut,itsymbolizesacoffin,and

meansthatsomeoneissoontodie.However,nowadays,peopleseldomcuttheirownbread,soforgetit!

9.Eggshells

Thisisaveryancientsuperstition.Ifyoudon'tcrushtheendsofaneggshellafterbreakingit,awitchcanusethem

tomakeaboatandsailontheseatoraisestorms.Well,don'ttrytofindouthowamanmightbeabletostandinan

eggshell.

8.Crossedbread

Allloavesofbreadmustbemarkedwithasignofthecrossbeforebaking.Thispreventedthedevilfromsittingon

theloafandcursingthebread.Interestingly,infact,breadrisesmuchbetterintheovenwhencrossed.

7.Salt

Itisconsideredbadifyouhelpanotherpersonsalttheirfood一thereisevenaphrasethatevolvedfromthe

superstition:"Helptosalt,helptosorry.w

6.Tearituals

Itusedtobeconsideredbadluckfortwopeopletopourteafromthesamepot.Inaddition,ifyouleftthelidoffthe

teapotwhilebrewingtea,astrangerwouldvisitsoon.

（材料七）近日，美国“阿特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机发射升空，机上7名宇航员对哈勃望远镜进行了一系列

的修理和维护。

MissiontoHubble

U.S.spaceshuttleAtlantis（“阿特兰蒂斯”号）liftedoffonMay11withsevenastronautsonboard,onamission

toupgradethe19-year-oldHubbleSpaceTelescope（哈勃太空望远镜）.ThisisNASA's（美国国家航天局）fifth

triptoHubble.

The11-daymissioncamewithahigherriskthanusual.Atlantisflewinanunusuallyhighorbitforanyspace

shuttle.Furthermore,spacehasmorelitterthere.EvenifatinypieceofspacejunkstruckAtlantis,thatwouldcause

hugedamagetotheshuttle.

OnMay13,a10-centimetrepieceofspacejunkpassedwithinacouplemilesoftheshuttle,justhoursafterthe

shuttlegrabbedHubble.OnMay14,astronautsconductedthefirstspacewalkandinstalledanewcamerainHubble.

OnMay15,astronautsreplacedsixgyroscopes.OnMay16,astronautsinstalledaCosmicOriginsSpectrograph（宇宙

起源光谱摄制仪）forHubble.Itisthemostsensitiveinstrumentthathaseverflowninspace.OnMay17,astronauts

conductedthefourthspacewalktorepairanimagingdevicewhichwasusedtodiscoverblackholes.

ThegoalofthemissionwastokeepHubblerunningforanotherfivetotenyears.

（材料八）当现实加诸于你，无法实现你的梦想，你会不会把梦想束之高阁，在现实中循规蹈矩呢？

Don'tLetYourDreamsBeDreams

Intheworldofpopculture,thereisnomoreunlikelystarthanSusanBoyle.Shehasspentalmostthelast30

yearsunemployed,focusingoncaringforhermotherandsingingforherlocalcommunity.Whilemanypeoplethink

sheisinexperienced,thetruthisthatBoylehasbeenpracticingandworkinghardtoachieveherdreamforyears.She

hasspentmuchofhertimeandmoneytryingtogetaheadintheverydifficultworldofmusic.Thatshehasbeenable

torealizeherdreamaftersolongisawesome.

Shehasbecomeaherotomany,thecompetitiontosome,andafigureoffuntoothers.Butnoteveryonethat

hasanamazingvoicecanpropelthemtostardomviaarealitytelevisionshow.Sometimes-mosttimes-

achievingyourdreamcomesthroughhardwork.Itisimportanttorememberthat,evenwithhertalent,SusanBoyle

hasspentherentirelifetryingtoachievehergoalandreacheditatanagewhenyouaresupposedtobeslowingdown,

notspeedingup.

Manyofyouwillbemakingdecisionsinthenextfewyearsaboutwhichcollegesanduniversitiesyouwillapply

for.Formanypeople,whatyoustudyafteryouleavehighschooldetermineswhatyouwilldoformostoftherestof

yourlife.Youwillfacepressuretogiveuponyourdreamsandfocusonyourreality.Insteadofgivingup,makeyour

dreamsareality.Takewhatyoucanfromwhatcomesyourwayanduseittoachieveyourgoals.

（材料九）日本的同龄人也有sportsday吗？他们会参加哪些运动项目呢？

SportsdayforJapaneseKids

AlloverJapan,kidsfromkindergartentohighschooltakepartinasportsdayeveryautumn.Onthisday,sports

meetingsarcheld.Theyarcachanceforkidstotesttheirskillsandcompetewitheachotherinavarietyofevents.It

isalsogreatforthewholefamilytoenjoyafuntimetogether.Thisisquitetrueofelementaryschoolsportsmeetings.

Usually,therearealargenumberoffamiliescomingouttocheerfortheirkids.

Therearetwokindsofevents—individualandgroup.Arunningraceisanexampleofindividualevents.In

groupevents,includingtug-of^warandball-tossinggames,studentsarcdividedintoteams.Studentsusuallycompete

againstthoseinthesamegrade,buttherearealsorelayracesbetweenteamsmadeupofstudentsfromallgrades.

Insomesportsmeetings,therearcalsonon-competitivceventsliketraditionalJapanesedancing.Inhighschools,

studentsdomorethanjustcompeteinsportsevents.Cheerleadingcontestsareoftenheld.Eachclassmakesupits

owncheerleadingteam.Andtheseeventsaddevenmoreenergytothisexcitingday.

（材料十）今年的5月12日是汶川地震一周年的纪念日，也是我国第一个防灾减灾日。在汶川地震一周

年之际，中国政府发布国家首部“减灾白皮书”，并将5月12日定为“防灾减灾日”。

文章一：ChinaLaunchesCampaigntoCounterDisastersonQuakeAnniversary

Chinapublishedawhitepaperondisaster-preventionefforts.Itwassettomarkthefirstanniversaryofthe

Wenchuanearthquake,aswellasthenation'sfirstaDisasterPreventionandReductionDay（防灾减灾0）,"both

ofwhichfellonMay12.

The8.0magnitudequake,withtheepicenterinWenchuanofChina'sSichuanProvince,leftmorethan87,000

peopledeadandmissing,andmorethan374,640injured.

Tomarktheday,governmentsacrossthecountryhavestartededucationcampaignstopublicizeknowledgeon

disasterpreventionandemergencyrescue.

“Theearthquakeshowedwewereill-preparedformanydisasters,“saidanofficial."Wehavelearneda

valuablelesson.

SincemanykindsofdisastersfrequendyhitChina,China'smaintasksaretostrengthenitsabilitytoprevent

themandtakerescueandrelief.Thecountryhasalreadydevelopedadisastercontrolandresponsesystem.Withinfive

years,everyvillagewillhavethenecessanrinformationtocounterdisastersinChina.

文章二：Chinaissuesfirstwhitepaperondisasterrelief

Chinapublishedawhitepaper*lastMondayondisaster-prevention（防灾）effortstomarkthefirstanniversary

oftheWenchuanearthquakeaswellasthenation'sfirstKDisasterPreventionandReductionDay*.”Bothfellon

May12.

Thepaper

Thepaper,consistingofmorethan16,000Chinesecharacters,says,“Chinaisoneofthecountriesthat

experiencethemostnaturaldisasters/,

Withclimatechange,economicgrowth,andurbanization,theworkofpreventingandrespondingtonatural

disastershasbecome“moreseriousandcomplicated.w

“Basedonthelessonswelearnedandproblemsfoundinrescueandreliefwork（抢险救灾工作）forwinter

stormsinSouthChinainearly2008andtheMay12earthquake,wehavemadeeffortstoimprovethecountry's

disastermanagementsystem,“saidZouMing,directoroftheDisasterReliefDepartmentundertheMinistryofCivil

Affairs（民政部国家减灾中心主任）.

Theeffort

Accordingtothepaper,Chinareceivednearly76billionyuanincashandreliefmaterialsfromdomesticand

foreigndonorsaftertheearthquake.

Morethan3millionvolunteersworkedindisasterrelief,while10millionothersparticipatedinquakerelief

activitiesaroundthecountry.

Bytheendof2008,about1%ofChina'spopulationvolunteeredforquakereliefworkacrossChina,makingit

thefirstlarge-scalevolunteerrescueeffortinthecountry.

Thehelp

ThepaperalsosaidthatChinaanditspeopleweredeeplygratefulfortheinternationalhelptheyreceived.

Donationscamefrommorethan170countriesandmorethan20internationalorganizations.Cashdonations

totaled（合计达）4.4billionyuan,andtherewerelargeamountsofreliefmaterialssenttoChina.

ProfessionalrescueandmedicalteamsfromRussia,Japan,theRepublicofKorea,andSingaporecametohelp.

SatelliteoperatorsinJapan,Italy,andtheUnitedStatesofferedremote-sensingimagesofthequake-hitareastoChina,

thepaperadded.

（材料H）今年4月，美国威斯康辛州马尼托沃克市（Manitowoc,Wisconsin）第27任市长走马上任。一颗

政坛新星——22岁的大学生贾斯汀，尼基尔斯（lustinNickels）——正在升起。

JustinNickels:a22-year-oldmayor

“IwanttothankyouforelectingmetheyoungestmayorWisconsinhaseverseen.Ithankyou,most

importantly,forentrustingmewiththeopportunitytorepresentyouandleadourcityinanewdirection!wJustin

Nickels,newmayorofManitowoc,Wisconsin,thankedhisvotersonhiswebsiteafterhebecamethe27thmayorof

thecity.

JustinwasbornandgrewupinManitowoc.Beforehebecamemayor,hewasagrocerystorecashier,ahigh

schoolbasketballreferee,andacollegestudent.The22-year-oldmayorhadagreatinterestinpoliticswhenhewas

veryyoung.HehasservedontheCityCouncilsince2005andworkedveryhard.Inthegeneralmayoralelection,he

beat39-year-oldDaveSoeldner,acivilengineerandgraduateofMIT.Justin'svictoryissuretoencouragemore

youngandsmartmindstoservesociety.

“Ouryoungpeoplearegoingtobeourfuture/'Justin'smothersaidafterhersonbecamemayor.Maybethat'

salsowhatpeopleofManitowocbelieve.

（材料十二）毕业时节再次来临，美国的高中生们早在几个月前就开始为这一人生重大转折做准备一迎接

一场盛大的毕业舞会（prem）。

TheHighSchoolProm

Graduationisahugemilestoneandaneventworthcelebrating.IntheUnitedStates,highschoolstudents

celebratetheirgraduationwitha"prom.”

Apromisaformaldanceofhi毋ischoolseniorstudents.Itisakindofaceremonyinthelifeofateenagerwhen

he/shecrossesoverthethresholdintoearlyadulthood.

Promclothing

Sincethepromisaformalevent,studentsattachgreatimportancetowhattheywear.Boysusuallydressinblack

tuxedos.Girlstraditionallywearformalgownsordresses.Theyusuallypurchasetheirpromgownsmonthsinadvance

fromspecializedlocalshops,andmorerecently,internetretailers（网络零售商）.

Promking&queen

Apromkingandqueenarestudentselectedfromagroupofcandidatestobepromaroyalty（王室）「Thehonor

isusuallygivenbyfellowstudentscastingvotes.Beingelectedapromkingorqueenisnotaboutbeingjustanother

good-lookingfaceinthecrowd.Usually,kingsandqueensareinvolvedinanumberofactivitiesincludingsports,

extracurricularclubs,andotheractivitiesthatgetthemnoticedbytheirpeers,whichcanleadtomanyvotes.

Promcosts

Apromcanendupbeingquiteexpensive.Theboyshavethecostofrentingthetuxedoandshoes,theprom

ticket,theirseatinthelimoandtheirshareofpictures*.Thegirlsusuallypaymorebecausetheirpromdressescan

costasmuchashundredsofdollars,andtheyhaveafewadditionalexpenseslikethecostofgettingherhairandnails

done.

Thisyear'spromseasonhascomeinthemidstoftheeconomiccrisis.Butfewstudentsaregoingtogiveupthe

partythatcapsofftheirhighschoolexperience."Frugal“hasthusbecomethethemeforthisyear'sprom

preparation.Manystudentsaresearchingforbargainsandspendinglessinotherpartsoftheirlife.Somegirlsareeven

sewingtheirownpromdresses.

（材料十三）读名著吧，让自己更聪明。

ImproveYourMindbyReadingtheClassics

Nowadayspeoplearcfondofbestsellers.Itseemsthatnooneisreadingtheclassics.Butactuallytheheritageof

humanitycouldbeveryhelpfultous.Byreadingtheclassicstoimproveyourmind,youcangiveyourselfan

advantage.

1.Biggervocabulary7

Whenreadingtheclassics,you'11comeacrossmanywordsthatarcnolongercommonlyused.Whylearnwords

mostpeopledon'tuse?Classicshelpyougainabiggervocabulary.Havingabiggervocabularyislikehavingatool

boxwithmoretools.You'11beabletocommunicatewithprecisionandhigherintelligence.

2.Improvedwritingability

Readingtheclassicsistheeasiestwaytoimproveyourwriting.Whilereading,youlearnthegrammarandstyleof

theauthor.Afterreading,yourthoughtswouldprobablybegintomirrorthewriter；sstyle.Atleast,ithelpsyouform

clearsentences.

3.Improvedspeakingability

Becomingabetterspeakerfollowsbecomingabetterwriter,asbotharccausedbybecomingabetterthinker.

Studyingworksofgeniuswillteachyoutoexpressyourselfwithclarityandstyle.Byimprovingyourcommandofthe

language,you'11becomemorepersuasive,soundmoreintelligent,andenjoyanadvantageoverlesspersuasivepeople.

4.Freshideas

Isn'titstrangethatthebestsourcesfornewideasarewriterswho'vebeendeadforcenturies?Itmakessense

whenyouconsiderthis:Everyoneyouknowisreadingthesamepopularblogsandbestsellingbooks.Theresultis

peoplethinkinalmostthesameway.Nowonderit'sdifficulttosoundcreative!Looktotheclassicsforinspiration.

Youwillfindfreshsubjects.

5.Clearmind

Theclassicshavebeentriedandtested