2022年浙江省湖州市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022年浙江省湖州市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasresultedinvariousproblemsexcept______.

A.decreaseofthedepthofthechannels

B.fallofthewatertableofthesurroundingarea

C.destructionoftheriversinecosystems

D.waterpollution

2.

The"WildGoose",whichwasbeingtowed,wassuddenlycoveredbyamistandpulledunderwater.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Theauthorthoughtaweakpointofthebookisthatitis______.

4.

Ifyonfailtosay"thankyou"tothereceptionists,theywillhavenegativeimpressionsofyou.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Socialstudierslearnbetterby______thanbyreading.

6.DoingBusinessinAsia

ManyWesternerswantingtodobusinessesinAsiannationsseekinformationandadviceaboutthingstheyneedtoknowinordertobesuccessful.ByWesternerswhohavealreadybeenworkinginAsiannations,theyaretoldtorememberasprioritiesthe"Fs":family,face,fate,favorsandfriends.AlthoughtheydohavesomesubtledifferencesinmeaningsandconnotationsindifferentpartsofAsia,nevertheless,Westernbusinessmenneedtobesensitivetotheseissuesiftheywishtobesuccessful.Thefive"Fs"areexplainedinthefollowingway.

Family:Thismeansthatbusinessisoftencloselyconnectedtofamilyandthatthereisafamilynetworkthatbranchesoutregionallyandinternationally,providingefficientpolitical,financialandemotionalsupport,aswellasdistributionknowledge.ThisnetworkingisparticularlyobviousamongChinesewhocontrolhugebusinesssegmentsinAsiaandarebyfarthemostsuccessfulbusinessgroupintheregion.Theirlargepresencealsohelps--Singaporeis77percentChinese;Malaysia,45percent;Taiwan,aChineseprovince,99percent.IndonesiaandthePhilippinesalsohavesizableandprosperousChinesecommunities.ItisexplainedthattheimportanceoffamilygoesbacktoConfucius,whotaughtthatfamilyrepresentsrelationshipsthatonecantrust.AlthoughfamiliesintheWestmaybeconnected,theyarealmostneverascloselyconnectedasinConfucianAsia.ThisfamilydependenceisalsotreeinKorea.ThelargestcorporationinSouthKoreaisHyundai,amultibillion-dollarcompany.Headedbytheeldestbrother,thecompany'sfivemajordivisionsareeithermanagedbyoneofthefivebrothers,abrother-in-laworason-in-law.

Face:Twointerpretationsaregivenforthemeaningof"face".Oneisliteral--Asiansliketodobusinessface-to-face.Theywanttoputafacetogetherwithabusiness,torecognizeanindividualandtoassociatewithagivencompany.ManyforeigncompanieshavemadethemistakeofsendingaseriesofdifferentexecutivestoAsiaduringlengthycontractnegotiations.Theyareadvisednottodothis;ifnegotiationsarestartedbyoneindividual,theyshouldbecompletedbythatsamepersonifatallpossible.However,ifachangemustbemade,thenthefirstpersonshouldtakethenewoneandformallypresenthimashissuccessorsothatthetwofacesareidentified.Thesecondinterpretationof"face"isthatinawayitmeans"respect".Thebusinessmanistoldthathemustshowthe"properrespect"accordingtotheageandpositionofthepersonheisdealingwithandalsotakeintoaccountthesizeoftheperson'scompanyincomparisonwithhisown.InWesterncountries,ageisnotnecessarilygivenrespect,butinConfuciusAsia,ageisgivengreatrespect.Thusbusinessmenaretoldtoalwayspayattentiontoanyelderlypersonsattendingabusinessmeeting.TheyarealsowarnedthatitisverydifficultforJapanesetospeakdirectlyandsayno.Theywilldoalmostanythingtoavoidsayingno,eventothepointofnotgivinganansweratall.Bygivingnoanswerorsayingsomethinglike“I’llthinkaboutit",or"I'llconsiderit".Theyare"savingface",andreallymean"no".ThisistheoppositeoftheWestern"yesorno"mentality.ThusaWesternbusinessmaniswarnednevertoputaJapanesebusinessmaninthepositionofhavingtosay"yes"or"no".

Businessmenarealsogivenadviceabouthowtoshow"face"tosomeoneofhigherrank.RichardTallboy,CEOoftheWorldCoalOrganization,whohashadextensiveexperienceinAsia,tellsforeignersnottoforgetthe"Chairman's1/2percentofthechairman'sownpocket."HesaysthatthismeanstheyshouldalwaysstartnegotiatingatahigherpricewithAsians.Inthefirstroundnegotiationsforeignersshouldallowthemselvestocomedowninprice10percent.Inthesecondroundofnegotiationstheyshouldatlast

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Thetermpunctuatedequilibriarefersto______.

8.

WhyareconservationistscooperatingwithlocalpeopleinMadagascarandBrazil?

A.Becausetheycareabouttigersandrhinos.

B.Becausetheyarescaredbythefactandwanttogiveup.

C.Becausetheywanttoassociatetheprotectionwithwelfareofthelocals.

D.Becausetheywanttoavoiddeforestation.

9.

Webecomeless______asthetechnologygetsevermoresophisticated.

10.

Sensitiveteethmayindicateaseriousproblemthatmayneedpromptcarebyadentist.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Theresearchersarenowtryingtofigureout______.

A.whetherobservedantibodiescanblocktheinfectionofHIV

B.whetherthecombinationofvaccinesstimulatesnewmolecules

C.whetherthecombinationofvaccinescanworkwell

D.whetherthecombinationofvaccinescouldbetestedinnormalpeople

12.______aretwoexamplesoffindingcreativewaystokeepingupservicesfortherapidlyagingpopulationinruralEurope.

13.

Afterhavingtheweightlosssurgery,apersonwillnotsufferfromobesityanymore.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.Organicfoodisnotnecessarilybetterthanconventionalfoodintempsofnutrition,safetyortaste.

15.

Thequestionaboutsatisfactionwithpayandbenefitsisnotincludedinthe12questionsbecauseit'simportanttoallemployees,whether______ornot.

16.

FreudlearnedfromChareoteverythingheneededtoknowabouthowtocurementallyillpatients.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

TheauthorofabookonGoogleandanearlyadmirerJohnBattellethinksthat______.

A.hebecomesmorewaryduetoGoogle

B.Googlemakesmanyusersuneasy

C.hepersistsinsupportingGoogle

D.Googlecontrolsonesource

18.

Theculturallypatterned______aredifferentintheUnitedStates,JapanandIndia.

19.

RosaParkswascrownedtwoofthenation'shighesthonorsforhercivilrightsactivism,namely,______and______.

20.

Therewere50blacksailorswhofirmlyrefusedtogobacktoworkeventhoughtheywcrcthreatened______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：W:DoyouknowanythingaboutProfessorSmith'sclass?

M:Ifyouarelookingforaneasycourse,forgetit.ProfessorSmithwritesthetrickiestexamsinthedepartment.

Q:WhatdowelearnaboutProfessorSmith?

(17)

A.Heisveryforgetful.

B.Helikestoplaytricks.

C.Histestsaredifficult.

D.Itiseasytopasshiscourse.

22.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.

(26)Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotrynewchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fail"atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.(27)Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtomakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.

(28)Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

(27)

A.Becauseitsdefinitioniscomplex.

B.Becausetherearetoomanylandmarks.

C.Becauseitisajourneythatneverends.

D.Becausethedistanceistoolongtomeasure.

23.听力原文：W:Doyouthinkyoucangiveanexactdefinitionof"management",Mr.Rogers?

M:[19]Managementistheprocessofachievingresultsthroughotherpeople.

W:Whatarethefunctionsofmanagement?

M:Therearemainlyfour.Thefirstisplanning.Managersdefinegoals,establishstrategyanddevelopplanstoco-ordinateactivities.

W:That'snoteasy,Ithink.

M:No.Andthesecondisorganizing,whichmeansmanagerswilldeterminewhattaskstobedone,whoistodothem,howthetasksaretobegrouped,whoreportstowhom,etc.

W:That'scomplicated.

M:Andthethirdisleading.Itincludesmotivatingsubordinates,directingothers,selectingthemosteffectivecommunicationchannelsandresolvingconflicts.

W:Doyouthinkthegoalofgoodmanagementistogetridofconflicts?

M:Actually,we'vemadeconsiderableprogresstowardsovercomingtheviewthatconflictisbad.

W:[20]Soyoumeanconflictscanbegoodforanorganization?

M:[20]Yes.Conflictscanbeusedtobringaboutsubstantialchangestotheexistingpowerstructure,currentpatternsofinteractionbetweenpeopleatwork,andattitude.

W:Thatsurprisesme.

M:Thelastfunctioncontrollingmeanstomonitoractivitiestoensuretheyarebeingaccomplishedasplanned,andcorrectsignificantdeviations.

W:Itissaidthatallmanagersneedtorealizethatthemoretheydelegatenow,thelesstimeitwilltaketoaccomplishtaskslater.Isthattrue?

M:Right.[21]Withoutdelegation,managersruntheriskofbeinga"doer"ratherthana"manager'.

W:CanIunderstandthisas"delegationisatickettoridefreeandhaveotherstodoyourwork"?

M:Notexactly.Itisratherameansformanagerstofocusontheirtruefunctions.

(20)

A.Itisgettingthingsdonethroughotherpeople.

B.Itishelpinganorganizationfindtherightstaff.

C.Itisassemblingpeopleofdifferentabilities.

D.Itiscommunicatingbetweencolleagues.

24.(35)

A.Painting.

B.Architecture.

C.Photographingsculpture.

D.Photographingpeople.

25.(18)

A.Hewasnothungry.

B.Hehadalreadyhadhisbreakfast.

C.Hewastootired.

D.Hewantedtosleepalittlemore.

26.(16)

A.Amovie.B.Adocumentary.C.Asoccergame.D.Acomedy.

27.(29)

A.Teotihuacan,oncethehomeof200,000people,wasthecenterofalargeempire.

B.Manyarchaeologistsarefascinatedbytheruinsofapre-ColumbiacitycalledTeotihuacan.

C.Teotihuacan,onceamajormetropolitanarea,wasdestroyedbyaninvasion.

D.AstillunsolvedmysteryiswhythepeopleofTeotihuacansuddenlyabandonedtheircity.

28.

【B5】

29.(31)

A.Topresenttheirresults.

B.Toshowofftheirresults.

C.Tomakethemselvesbrave.

D.Tobecomeactivepeople.

30.

【B9】

31.听力原文：W:Whatdidyouthinkofthemovie?Didyoulikeit?

M:Notreally,itwasalittletooartsyforme.Itseemedlikethedirectorwastryingsohardtoimpressuswithstorageclose-upsandavant-gardedialoguesthatheforgottoincludeastory.Ithoughtitwasreallyboring.

W:Ithoughtthemoviewasreallythought-provoking.Iloveitwhenamoviemakesyouthink.It'sanicechangefromthesuperficialdialogueandtwo-dimensionalcharactersyouusuallyseeinfilmsthesedays.

M:Idon'treallycareforalternativefilms.Theyaresodarkanddepressing.Thecharactersarealwayssointense.Whydoesamoviehavetobesadtobedeep?

W:Yeah,Iknowwhatyoumean,butmainstreamcinemaisnothingbutgunfightsandexplodingcars.Igetsosickofmovieslikethat.Iprefermovieswithsubstance.

M:Butsometimesyoudon'twanttothink;sometimesyoujustwantalightmovie.LikethatcomedymoviewithBillyCrystal--thatwassohilarious.IlaughedsohardthatIcried.

W:Movieshavetobemorethanentertainingtome.

M:Didyouseethatnewmysterymoviethatcameoutlastmonth?Thatwassosuspenseful.Iwasontheedgeofmyseatthewholetime.

W:Ilovedthatmovie.Theplotwasgreat,andtheactingwasincredible.Iwouldn'tbesurprisedifitwerenominatedforanAcademyAward.

M:Well,atleastweagreeonsomething.Iguesswe'llhavetosticktomysteriesinthefuture.

(23)

A.Theclose-upsareperfect.

B.Thedialoguesareeasytounderstand.

C.It'snotboringatall.

D.Itdoesn'ttellanystory.

32.听力原文：Someofthemostpracticallessonscomingoutofresearchinpsychologyareintheareaofmemory.Peopleask,whycan'tIrememberthattermfromthephysicschapterorthatthelibrarybooksaredue?

Formanypeople,memorymaybeweak,becausetheydon'tuseitenough.It'slikeamuscle.Ifyoudon'texerciseit,itwon'tgetstrong.That'swhyit'simportanttokeepourmindactive,tokeeponlearningthroughoutourlife.Wecandothisbyreading,playingmemorygamesandseekingoutnewexperiences.It'smyguess,though,thatthelackofstimulationisn'taproblemforstudentslikeyou.Morelikely,thelivesyoulivearesobusyandstimulatingthatthisinitselfmaysometimesinterferewithlearning.LateronIwilldiscusshowinformationisrecalledfrommemory.But,first,theinformationneedstoberecorded,inotherwords,learned.Andforbusypeoplelikeyouandme,thatiswheretherealproblemoftenlies.Ifwearedistracted,orwearetryingtothinkwhatwearegoingtodonext,theincomingmessagejustmightnotbegettingrecordedeffectively.Andthatleadstothefirsttipforstudentswhowanttoimprovetheirmemories.Giveyourfullattentiontotheinformationyouhopetoretain.Researchclearlyshowstheadvantagesofthis,andalsoofactivelearning,ofconsciouslytryingtovisualizeanewfact,perhapstomakeamentalpicture,evenawildridiculousone,sothenewfactwillstickinourmemory.Letmeillustratethatforyouherealittlemoreconcretelythisevening.

(30)

A.Factorsthataffecttheabilitytomemorize]

B.Theinfluenceofchildhoodmemoriesonadulthood.

C.Aproposalforfuturepsychologicalresearch.

D.Benefitsofabusylifestyle.

33.听力原文：W:Wenowinterruptourregularschedulednewsprogramtobringyouliveup-to-datecoverageonthecivilunrestinthenewlyformedcountryofKarnak,whereourmanStanFieldingisstationed.Stan...

M:ThisisStanFieldingreportinglivefromthesuburbsofthecapitalcity.Just20minutesago,rebelforceslaunchedthebiggestoffensiveagainsttherulinggovernmentinthe18-monthconflicthereinthiscountry.

W:NowStan,isthisasignthatthepeaceprocesshasbeentotallyabandoned?

M:Well,sofar,peacenegotiationshavefailed,andanyresolutiontoendthecivilwarappearsbleakatthismoment.Asyoucansee...Whoa.

W:Stan,Stan,areyouthere?

M:Uh,yes,Shelly.Asyoucanprobablyhearbehindme,rebelforcesarealsousingheavyartillerytopoundthepositionsofgovernmentforcesaroundthecitycenter.Rebelforcesareclosingin,andit'sfearedthattheywillbeabletotakethecapitalbuildingbeforedaybreakwhere,itisbelieved,manygovernmentofficialsareholdingout.

W:Now,besidestheheavyfighting,whatotherpressingconcernsarethereforthecitizensofthecity?

M:Well,sincethebeginningoftheconflict,starvation,andlackofcleanwaterandadequateshelterhavebeenthebiggestdailyobstaclesfacingthecitizensofthiswar-torncountry.Itisbelievedthatover40,000people,mostlychildren,havestarvedtodeath.Fortunately,noepidemicshavebrokenout,butthatisalwaysaconcernifthiswarlingerson.

W:Okay,thatwasStanFieldingreporting.Andwewillkeepyouup-to-dateasthisstorycontinuestounfold.

(23)

A.ThelatestdevelopmentsofanarmedrebellioninKarnak.

B.ThefallofKarnak'scapitalcityintothehandsoftherebelforces

C.TheepidemicthathasjustbrokenoutinthecountryofKarnak.

D.ThepeacetalksbetweentherebelsandthegovernmentinKarnak.

34.(26)

A.Sallyisahard-workinggirl.

B.It'saratherIncrediblesuccessstory.

C.Sallyisadown-to-earthyoungcomputerprogrammer.

D.Sallyisawell-donegirlanddoesthejobverywell.

35.

【B7】

36.

【B6】

37.(34)

A.Heshouldshowrespecttotheinterviewer.

B.Heshouldshowconfidenceinhimself.

C.Heshouldbedressedappropriately.

D.Heshouldspeakenthusiastically.

38.

【B11】

39.听力原文：M:I'mnotquitesurehowtousethiscalculatoryoulentme.Idroppedit,andnowtheon-buttondoesn'tlightup.

W:Oh,that'sokay,ithasn'tbeenworkingrightforsometimenow.

Q:Whatwastheman'sproblem?

(14)

A.Helostabuttonatwork.

B.Hedoesn'tknowwhereheputthecalculator.

C.Hethinkshebrokesomethingthewomanlenthim.

D.He'snotsurehowtosolvethemathproblem.

40.听力原文：M：Ihaveneverheardsuchafascinatinglectureonsolarenergy.Butyoudon'tseemtobeimpressed.Don'tyoulikeit,Sally?

W：Well,ImustadmitthatIdozedoffmostofthetime.Ithinkit'stoodifficultformetounderstand．

Q：Howdidthewomanfeelaboutthelecture?

(15)

A.Toocomplicated.B.Enjoyable.C.Touching.D.Interesting.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

InWeldonSpring,peoplefound______.

A.chemicalsinwellWater

B.manysourcesofsurfacewater

C.moreaquifersthanotherplaces

D.chemicalsinthebombfactory

42.WhatistherecentexampleofzoonoticdiseaseinChina?

43.LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthepossibilitiestheirexplodingpopulationoffers.Arizona'sfast-growingLatinopopulationoffersthestatetremendouspromiseandachallenge.Evenmorethantheagingofthebabyboomers,theLatinoboomisfundamentallyreorientingthestate'seconomicandsocialstructure.

Immigrationandnaturalincreasehaveadded600,000youngLatinoresidentstothestate'spopulationinthepastdecade.Halfofthepopulationyoungerthan18inbothPhoenixandTucsonisnowLatino.Within20years,Latinoswillmakeuphalfofthehomegrownentry-levellaborpoolinthestate'stwolargestlabormarkets.

Whatismore,Hispanicsarebecomingkeyeconomicplayers.Mostpeopledon'tnoticeit,butLatinosborninArizonamakeupmuchoftheirimmigrantparents'economicandeducationaldeficits.Forexample,Second-generationMexican-Americanssecureanaverageof12gradesofschoolingwheretheirparentsobtainedlessthannine.Thatmeanstheyerase70percentoftheirparents'lagbehindthird-generationnon-HispanicWhitesinasinglegeneration.

Allofthishandsthestateagoldenopportunity.Atatimewhenmanystateswillstrugglewithlaborshortagesbecauseofmodestpopulationgrowth,Arizonahasapricelesschancetobuildapopulous,hardworkingandskilledworkforceonwhichtobasefutureprosperity.TheproblemisthatArizonaanditsLatinoresidentsmaynotbeabletoseizethisopportunity.FartoomanyofArizona'sLatinosdropoutofhighschoolorfailtoobtainthebasiceducationneededformoreadvancedstudy.Asaresult,educationaldeficitsareholdingbackmanyLatinos--andthestateaswell.Tobesure,constructionandlow-endservicejobscontinuetoabsorbtensofthousandsofLatinoimmigrantswithlittleformaleducation.Butoverthelongterm,mostofArizona'sLatinocitizensremainill-preparedtoprosperinanincreasinglydemandingknowledgeeconomy.

Forthereason,theeducationalupliftofArizona'shugeLatinopopulationmustmovetothecenterofthestate'sagenda.Afterall,theeducationdeficitsofArizona'sLatinopopulationwillseverelycrampthefortunesofhardworkingpeopleiftheygounaddressedandcouldwellundercutthestate'sabilitytocompeteintheneweconomy.Attheentrylevel,slowergrowthratesmaycreatemorecompetitionforlow-skilljobs,displacingLatinosfromasignificantmeansofsupport.Atthehigherend,shortagesofLatinoseducationallyreadytomoveupwillmakeitthatmuchharderforknowledge-basedcompaniesstaffhigh-skillpositions.

TheLatinopopulationischangingArizona's______.

A.agingproblem

B.educationalsystem

C.economicstructure

D.financialdeficits

44.

Accordingtotheauthor,dealingwithinterpersonalconflictintheworkplace______.

A.canbemoredifficultforengineers

B.isthekeytosuccessintheworkplace

C.leadstothedevelopmentofeffectiverelationships

D.preventsworkersfromworkingforthecommongood

45.

Whenhewokeupinthemorning,hewould______.

A.rollupthecurtains

B.helpMrs.LeftandMrs.Right

C.trytoworkouthisplansfortheday

D.makeMrs.LeftarguewithMrs.Right

46.(57)

47.

【C8】

48.【S4】

49.

TheauthormentionsELNinoprimarilyinordertoemphasize______.

A.thebriefdurationofweatherpattern

B.thevariabilityofthemesoscalephenomena

C.thedifficultyofmeasuringtheocean'slarge-scalecurrents

D.thepossibleimpactofmesoscalefieldsonweatherconditions

50.

【C10】

51.

Women'splace,somepeoplethink,isintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehomebecause______.

A.womencanprovidebettercareforchildren

B.womenaretooweaktodoanyagriculturalwork

C.womenarebiologicallysuitedtodomesticjobs

D.womencannotcompetewithmeninanyfield

52.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Morewoodwasremovedfromforestsin2005thaneverbefore,oneofmanytroublingenvironmentalsignshighlightedonThursdayintheWorldwatchInstitute'sannualcheckoftheplanet'shealth.

TheWashington-basedthinktank's"VitalSigns2007-2008"reportpointstoglobalpatternsrangingfromrisingmeatconsumptiontoAsianeconomicgrowthitsaysarelinkedtothebroaderproblemofclimatechange.

"Ithinkclimatechangeisthemosturgentchallengewehaveeverfaced,"saidErikAssadourian,directoroftheVitalSignsproject."Youseemanytrendsinclimatechange,whetherwearetalkingaboutgrainproductionwhichisaffectedbydroughtsandflooding,ormeatproductionaslivestockproductionmakesupabout20percentofgreenhousegasemissions,"hetoldreportersinatelephoneinterviewbeforethereport'srelease.

Assadouriansaidthekeymessageofthereportwasthatunsustainableconsumptionpatternswereresponsibleforclimatechangelinkedtocarbonemissionsandotherecologicalwoes.Hesaidofthe44trendstrackedbythereport,28were"pronouncedlybad"andonlysixwerepositive.Thetrendsrangefromthespreadofavianflutotheriseofcarbonemissionstothenumberofviolentconflicts.Thegrowinguseofwindpowerisamongthefewtrendsseenaspositive.

Someofthepointshighlightedinthereportinclude:

--Meatproductionhitarecord276millionmetrictons(43kilogramsor95poundsperperson)in2006.

--Meatconsumptionisoneofseveralfactorsdrivingrisingsoybeandemand.RapidexpansionofsoybeanplantationsinSouthAmericacoulddisplace22millionhectares(54millionacres)oftropicalforestandsavanna(热带大草原)inthenext20years.

--Theriseinglobalseafoodconsumptioncomesasmanyfishspeciesbecomescarcer.In2004,peopleate156millionmetrictonsofseafood,theequivalentofthreetimesasmuchseafoodperpersonasin1950.

Otheranalystsandthinktankshavefocusedondifferenttrendstheysaymeanlesscauseforalarm.Forexample,theypointoutthatwhilemorewoodisbeingremovedfromforestsonaglobalscale,manypartsofEuropeandNorthAmericahaveexperiencedreforestationinrecentdecades.

Accordingto"VitalSigns2007-2008"report,theglobalpatternslikerisingmeatconsumptionarecloselyconnectedwith______.

53.

Accordingtothepassage,asenseofhumor______.

A.canbereflectedinmanyways

B.canmakeusavoidmakingmistakes

C.helpsusleadamorehealthylife

D.remindsusoftheexistenceoftragedy

54.Everyyeartelevisionstationsreceivehundredsofcomplaintsabouttheloudnessofadvertisements.However,federalrulesforbidthepracticeofmakingadslouderthantheprogramming.Inaddition,televisionstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevelallowedforreasonsofefficiency.AccordingtooneNBCexecutive,nodifferenceexistsinthepeaksoundlevelofadsandprogramming.Giventhisinformation,whydocommercials,soundsoloud?

Thesensationofsoundinvolvesavarietyoffactorsinadditiontoitsspeaklevel.Advertisersareskillfulatcreatingtheimpressionofloudnessthroughtheirexpertuseofsuchfactors.Onemajorcontributortotheperceivedloudnessofcommercialsisthatmuchlessvariationinsoundleveloccursduringacommercial.Inregularprogrammingtheintensityofsoundvariesoveralargerange.However,soundlevelsincommercialstendtostayatornearpeaklevels.

Other"tricksofthetrade"arealsoused.Becauselow-frequencysoundscanmaskhigherfrequencysounds,advertisersfilteroutanynoisesthatmaydrownouttheprimarymessage.Inaddition,thehumanvoicehasmoreauditory(听觉的)impactinthemiddlefrequencyranges.Advertiserselectronicallyvaryvoicesoundssothattheystaywithinsuchafrequencyband.Anotherapproachistowritethescript.sothatlotsofconsonants(辅音)areused,becausepeoplearemoreawareofconsonantsthatvowel(元音)sounds.Finally,advertiserstrytobegincommercialswithsoundsthatarehighlydifferentfromthoseoftheprogrammingwithwhichthecommercialisburied.Becausepeoplebecomeadaptedtothetypeofsoundscomingfromprogramming,adramaticchangeinsoundqualitydrawsviewerattention.Forexample,noticehowmanycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsometype.

Theattention-gettingpropertyofcommercialscanbe