2021届文建中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析

2021届文建中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhatareyouwaitingfor?Anewseriesofmoviesshownthisyearcan’tbemissed.Haveyouenjoyedthemalready?FrozenIIFrozenwasthehighestgrossing（票房）animatedfilmever.InFrozenIIElsa,Anna,OlafandKristleftoffArendelletoseekthesourceofElsa’sicymagic.Althoughthemillionsofchildrenwholovedthefirstfilmareoldernow,theymightgiveitareception.LastChristmasAfestiveromanticcomedy,EmiliaClarkestarsinLastChristmasasBridgetJonesy,ashopassistant,whoselifeinLondonisamess,andHenryGoldingastheeligiblebachelor（黄金单身汉）whotidiesitup.Thefilm'sdirector,PaulFeig,andco-writer,EmmaThompson,promisethatthefilmisworthexpecting.ABeautifulDayintheNeighborhoodTomHanksstarsinABeautifulDayintheNeighborhoodastheonlyAmericancelebrity（名人）morefamousthanheis.AsthehostofMisterRogers’Neighborhoodformorethan30years,FredRogersisalegendofpre-schoolchildren’stelevision,whichappealstoalargeaudience.Charlie’sAngelsHollywoodactionmoviesstarringwomenarerare.Buthaveyouseenamoviestarred,writtenanddirectedbywomen,too?Charlie’sAngelsisoneofthefirst.Areboot（翻拍）ofthe1970sTVseries,nottomentionthetwofilmsfrom2000and2003,thenewversionisdirectedbyElizabethBanks.ShealsoplaysBosley,oneofthefemaledetectiveswhoareemployedbyCharlesTownsendtogoonglobaladventures.Whichmoviebecamethemostpopularcartoonfilmthisyear?A.FrozenII. B.LastChristmas.C.ABeautifulDayintheNeighborhood. D.Charlie’sAngels.WhichcharacterworksonaTVstation?A.Krist. B.EmiliaClarke.C.FredRogers.D.Bosley.Whichactionmoviewasdirectedandstarredbyawoman?A.FrozenII. B.LastChristmas.C.ABeautifulDayintheNeighborhood. D.Charlie’sAngels.BItisnotonlypraiseorpunishmentthatdeterminesachild'slevelofconfidence.Therearesomeotherimportantwaysweshapeourkids—particularlybygivinginstructionsandcommandsinanegativeorpositivechoiceofwords.Forexample,wecansaytoachild“Don'trunintotraffic！”or“Stayonthefootpathclosetome.”Inusingthelatter,youwillbehelpingyourkidstothinkandactpositively,andtofeelcompetentinawiderangeofsituations,becausetheyknowwhattodo,andaren'tscaringthemselveswithwhatnottodo.Actually,itisallinthewaythehumanmindworks.Whatwethink,weautomaticallyrehearse.Forexample,ifsomeoneofferedyouamilliondollarsnottothinkofabluemonkeyfortwominutes,youwouldn'tbeabletodoit.Whenachildistold“Don'tfalloffthetree，”hewillthinkoftwothings：“don't”and“falloffthetree”.Thatis,hewillautomaticallycreatethepictureoffallingoffthetreeinhismind.Achildwhoisvividlyimaginingfallingoffthetreeismuchmorelikelytofalloff.Soitisfarbettertouse“Holdontothetreecarefully.”Clear,positiveinstructionshelpkidstounderstandtherightwaytodothings.Kidsdonotalwaysknowhowtobesafe,orhowtoreacttothewarningofthedangerinnegativewords.Soparentsshouldmaketheircommandspositive.“Sam,holdonfirmlytothesideoftheboat”ismuchmoreusefulthan“Don'tyoudaretofalloutoftheboat？”or“HowdoyouthinkI'llfeelifyoudrown？”Thechangesaresmallbutthedifferenceisobvious.Childrenlearnhowtoguideandorganizethemselvesfromthewayweguidethemwithourwords,soitpaystobepositive.Positivechoiceofwordshelpskidsto .A.learnindifferentsituations B.dothingscarefullyC.builduptheirconfidence D.improvetheirimaginationWhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?Achildwillactonwhatisinstructed.Onecan'thelpimaginingwhatisheard.Achildwillfalloffthetreewhentoldnotto.Onewon'tthinkofabluemonkeywhengivenmoney.Whichofthefollowingcommandshelpskidstobesafe?A.HowdoyouthinkI'llfeelifyougethurt?B.Don'tplaybythelake.C.Don'tyoudaretowalkthroughtheredlight?D.Fastenyourseatbelt.Themainideaofthepassageisthat .A.positiveinstructionsguidekids B.praisemakeskidsconfidentCrightinstructionskeepkidssafe D.clearcommandsmakekidsdifferentCAccordingtoOxfordDictionaries,moralitymeans:“Principlesconcerningthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongorgoodandbadbehavior.”Thoughmoralityisarathersubjectivesubject,therearesomeprinciplesthatareuniversalacrossallculturesfoundbyanOxfordUniversitystudy:“helpyourfamily,helpyourgroup,returnfavors,bebrave,obeysuperiors,divideresourcesfairly,andrespectothers’property”.Thefactthatthesemoralsarefoundacross60culturesfromaroundtheworlddemonstratesthatmorality,thoughsubjective,isthecornerstoneofkeepingoursocietiestogether.Herearesomereasonstobemoral:withoutmorality,asociallifeisalmostimpossibletomaintain;havingagoodreputationandhavingaclearconscienceispsychologicallyhealthy;andmostphilosophiesregardunselfishandprincipledbehaviorasimportant.Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmorals,asocietycannotfunctioneffectively.Aconfusedsituationwouldappear,AccordingtotheSocietyofMorality,“Wearesocialanimals,andtheactionswetake-thethingswedoandthethingswedon’tdo-haveconsequencesonourenvironmentsandontheothersaroundus.Asaresult,weneedtobeabletogovernourbehaviorintheneartermsoasnottoinjureourselvesorourcommunityinthelongterm.Thissystemofcontrollingouractionsandourthoughtsinordertooperateinacommunityiswhatweoftenrefertoasmorality”.Therefore,weneedasetofmoralsinordertooperatewithinasocialcircleandasocialenvironment.Actingimmoralusuallyresultsinbeingexcludedfromsocialactivitiesorbeingavoidedbyasocietybasedonlawsandculturalstandards.Besidesactingmoralhavingasociologicalneed,italsohasapsychologicalbasis.Mostpeopleareconcernedtosomeextentabouttheirreputation.AccordingtoPsyPost,“Alotofeconomicmodelsofhumanbehaviorassumethatpeopleareonlyrational（理性的）whentheynarrowlypursuetheirownself-interest,buthistoryshowsusthatpeoplearealsotremendouslyconcernedwithbeingandappearingmoral”.So,thefearofone’sreputationbeingdamagedisoftenastrongmotivatortobemoral.Andifsomeonehasbeenimmoral,mostpeoplegooutoftheirwaytomakesurenoonefindsout,ortocorrectthebehaviorinordertonotbecaught.Thisgoesinlinewithconscienceaswell.Peoplegenerallyfeelinabetterpsychologicalstateiftheyfeelthattheirconscienceisclean.Adirtyconsciencecanresultinalackofsleep,anxiety,internalstress,andevenillness.Onthesideofphilosophy,thestudyofethics（伦理）comesintoplay.Mostphilosophersagreethatoneshouldrationallychooseasetofstandardsofbehaviorinordertofunction.Thoughthereismoralrelativism,thereareuniversalanthropological(人类学的)morals,asmentionedintheintroduction.Bythenatureofoursocietiesandcultures,wechoosewhatwebelieveisrightandwrong.Butsurprising,thisrationalbehaviorcomestoageneralagreementonmorals.So,thereisafinelinebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Butthemainthingtotakeawayfromthisdiscussionisthatphilosophersgenerallybelievethateachindividualhastherighttorationallycomeupwithasetofethicstoliveby,andthatitishealthytodoso.Theauthordiscussesmorality(paragraph1)inorderto .explaintherelationshipbetweenmoralityandculturedescribethemoralrulesfoundallaroundtheworldcontrastthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongintroducethedefinition,principlesandreasonsofmoralityItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat .actingmoralallowsustofitintogroupbettermoralitybringsthesystemofcontrollingbehaviorcontrastthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongintroducethedefinition,principlesandreasonsofmoralityWhichofthefollowingisthepsychologicalbasisforactingmoral?Apursuitofself-interest. B.acleanconscience.C.Theconcernaboutreputation. D.adirtyconscience.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?Toreachageneralagreementonmoralsbasedonethics.tocarveone’sownsenseofethicstooperateinthisworld.Tochoosebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Toexcludephilosophers’beliefsandsolutionaswell.DCuckoosdon’tbotherbuildingtheirownnests—theyjustlayeggsthatperfectlyimitatethoseofotherbirdsandtakeovertheirnests.Butotherbirdsarewishingup,evolvingsomeseriouslyimpressivetrickstospotthecuckooeggs.Cuckoosareoftenknowasparasites,meaningthattheyhidetheireggsinthenestofotherspecies.Toavoiddetection,thecuckooshaveevolvedsothateggsseemreproductionofthoseoftheirpreferredtargets.Ifthehostbirddoesn’tnoticethestrangeegginitsnest,thelittlecuckoowillactuallytaketheentirenestforitselfafteritcomesout,takingtheothereggsonitsbackanddroppingthemoutofthenest.Toavoidthisunpleasantfatefortheiryoung,theotherbirdshaveevolvedafewsmartwaystospotthefakes,whichwe’reonlynowbeginningtofullyunderstand.Oneofthemostamazingfindsisthatbirdshaveanextracolour-sensitivecellintheireyes,whichmakesthemfarmoresensitivetoultravioletwavelengthsandallowsthemtoseeafargreaterrangeofcoloursthanhumanscan.Thisallowscautiousbirdstodetectafakeeggwhichmightbeexactlythesametooureyes.Fascinatingly,we’reactuallyabletoobservedifferentbirdspeciesatverydifferentpointsintheirevolutionarywarwiththecuckoos.Forinstance,somecuckooslaytheireggsinthenestsoftheredstarts.Theblueeggsthesecuckooslayarepracticallyaliketothoseoftheredstarts,andyettheyarestillsometimesrejected.Comparethatwithcuckooswhotargetdunnocks.Whilethosebirdslayperfectlyblueeggs,theircuckooinvadersjustlaywhiteeggswithbrownirregularshapedspots.Andyetdunnocksbarelyeverseemtonoticetheobvioustrick.Biologistssuspectthesemoreeasilyfooledspecieslikethedunnocksareonthesameevolutionarypathastheredstarts,buttheyhavealongwaytogountiltheyevolvethesamelevelsofsuspicion.What’sremarkableisthatthedunnocksfakesaresobadandtheredstartonessogood,andyetcuckoosarestillmoresuccessfulwiththeformerthanthelatter.Itspeakstojusthowthoroughlyaspecies’behaviorcanbechangedbythepressuresofnaturalselection,oritmightjustbeabitofstrategiccooperationonthepartofthedunnocks.Biologistshavesuggestedthatthesebirdsarewillingtotolerateaparasiteeverysooftenbecausetheydon’twanttoriskaccidentallygettingridofoneoftheirowneggs.Thispassagecanbemostlikelyfoundina .A.sciencesurvey B.naturemagazineC.zooadvertisement D.traveljournalWhatdoestheunderlinedword“parasite”inparagraph2mostprobablyreferto?Animalsthatworktogethertoraiseyoung.Smallharmfulanimalssuchaswormsormice.Animalsthatcanadapttochangingenvironments.Animalswhichliveonorinsideotherhostanimals.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthedunnockaccordingtothepassage?Itiscolour-blindandthereforecannotidentifyforeigneggsinthenest.Itcaneasilyremovecuckooeggsfromthenestbecausefakesaresobad.Itisahostbirdthatismorelikelytoraiseacuckoochickthantheredstart.Itisunabletoevolveandhenceacceptscuckooeggsthatappearinthenest.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Dunnocksmayeventuallylearntorecogniseforeigneggs.Redstartsseemtobelesssuspiciouscomparedtodunnocks.Cuckoobirdsaregoodattakingresponsibilityfortheirownyoung.Itisveryeasyforcuckoostoimitatethecolouringofthedunnock’segg.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项LifestyleHabitstoReduceStressPeoplehavebeenlivinginastormofstressrecently,whichhashadabadimpactonourwell-being. 16 ,butsevereorlastingstresscanincreasetheriskforstress-relateddiseases.Here'showtostartmakinghealthychangestoreduceyourstresslevels.Trymeditating（冥想）.Tomeditate,simplybringyourfullattentiontoyourbreath,breathingthroughthenose. 17 ,comebacktoyourbreathwithoutjudgment.Meditationcanhelptolowercortisol（皮质醇）levels,bloodpressureandheartrate.Findahobbyyouenjoy.Thatcanmeanpracticinganinstrument,painting,cookingorplayingwithyourchildren. 18 .Thekeyistofocusonwhatyouaredoingtoblockouttherestofwhatisgoingon. 19 Researchhasdiscoveredmanyhealthbenefitsfrombeinginnature.Gettingoutsideandspendingsometimeinnaturecanhelprelievestress，improveyourmoodandboostfeelingsofhappinessandwell-being.Seeksupportandconnection.Beinglonelycancauseanincreaseincortisollevels. 20 Itisalsothroughoursocialconnectionsthatwekeepourstresslevelsdown.Ifyoucan'tbewithafriendorlovedoneinperson,aphonecallorZoommeetingcanhelpyoustayconnected.Buildingonthesebehaviorswillbuildyourconfidenceandempoweryoutocreatealifestylewithlowerlevelsofstressandimprovedhealthandwellness.EnjoynatureLiveneargreenspacesHumansaremeanttobesocialIfyoudon'twanttogooutsideWhenyourmindstartstowanderAlittlebitofstressisgoodforsurvivalAnythingthattakesyouawayfromday-to-dayconcernsishelpful第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Afewmonthsago,oneofmyfellowgraduatestudentswasofferedanincrediblecareer-buildingopportunity.Hiseffortsonastudent-ledcampaigntoincreasefederalfundingforbasicresearchhad___21___aninvitationtospeakonaconferencepanel（专家组）.ItwouldlookgreatonhisCV（简历）.Iwas___22___forhim,ofcourse.Ihadbeena（n）___23___partnerinthecampaign.IfeltthatIdeservedthesameopportunity.YetIhadn’tbeen___24___,andIwasn’tsurewhy.Growingup,Ihadbeentaughtthatthewayto___25___wastoputmyheaddownandworkhard.Ifmyworkwasgoodenough,itwouldspeakforitselfandIwouldbe___26___.This,coupledwithanatural___27___,meantthatI___28___workedupthenervetoputmyselfforward.However,IdecidedthatIneedto___29___mylifeagain—bybecomingmyownbiggest 30 .So,withmy 31 beatingfast,Iaskedmycolleaguetoaskthepanelorganizersto 32 me.Mymindfloodedwithalistofwell-practiced 33 .MaybeIdidn'tdeserveit.MaybeIwasbeingtoo 34 .Butmycolleagueimmediatelycontactedtheorganizers,whoquicklyagreedto 35 metothepanel.I’vecometounderstandthatIcan'tberecognizedformyworkifI’minvisible.Thisisn’tarevolutionary 36 ,Iknow,butasanintrovert（内向的人）thisismy 37 MountQomolangma.Ithinkadvocatingformyselfwillalwaysmakemealittle 38 .ButIdoplentyofotheruncomfortablethingsto 39 I’mlivingmybestlife,likegettingflushots.IsupposeIcandothesameformy 40 21.A.turneddownB.lackedforC.referredtoD.ledto22.A.thankfulB.happyC.sorryD.ready23.A.legalB.mentalC.equalD.special24.A.invitedB.promotedC.informedD.dismissed25.A.practiceB.successC.powerD.realityA.observedB.protectedC.attractedD.rewardedA.shynessB.warmthC.kindnessD.sweetnessA.quietlyB.frequentlyC.rarelyD.completelyA.makesenseoftakecontrolofpayattentiontoD.findfaultwithA.advocateB.promiseC.harvestD.sacrificeA.brainB.boneC.heartD.stomachA.questionB.includeC.serveD.withdrawA.get-togetherB.backgroundC.self-doubtD.breakthroughA.stubbornB.proudC.nervousD.ambitiousA.addB.sendC.reportD.trackA.testB.ideaC.visitD.planA.personalB.professionalC.skepticalD.traditionalA.unreasonableB.dishonestC.uncomfortableD.discontentA.figureB.predictC.recordD.ensureA.healthB.colleagueC.educationD.career第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式InadvanceoftheAlliedlandingsatNormandy,theBritishplannedtheaerialbombingoftheAmiensPrisoninnorthwestFrance.OnFebruary18,1944,18ofthelegendaryMosquitofighter-bombers(蚊式轰炸机)carriedouttheplan___41.___(free)the700FrenchResistancemembers___42.___(lock)upthere.Theweatherthatdaywassobadthatoneofthepilotsthought___43.___atoughtaskitwas.However,thegroupstill___44.___(fly)acrosstheEnglishChannelatjust15metersabovethewaves,thoughfivehadtoturnbackduetoradioandengineproblems.Nowdownto13planes,GroupCaptainCharlesPickardcarriedon___45.___theraid.At12:01pm,thebombersattackedtheprisonwalltoallowtheprisoners___46.___routeofescape.TheywentontodestroytheblockswhereGermanofficerswerestandingguard,manyof___47.___werekilledorwounded.TwoMosquitosalsoattackedthenearbytrainstation,___48.___(buy)theprisonerstimewhiletheGermansoldiersweredistracted.Onlyt