2022年职称英语(卫生类)补全短文文章及译文4

2022年职称英语(卫生类)补全短文文章及译文4WhatIsInsulin-dependentDiabetes?

Whenyoueat,yourbodytakesthesugarfromfoodandturnsitintofuel.____1____Yourbodyusesglucoseforenergy,soitcandoeverythingfrombreathingairtoplayingavideogame.Butglucosecan’tbeusedbythebodyonitsown—itneedsahormonecalledinsulintobringitintothecellsofthebody.

Mostpeoplegettheinsulintheyneedfromthepancreas,alargeorgannearthestomach.Thepancreasmakesinsulin;insulinbringsglucoseintothecells;andthebodygetstheenergyitneeds.Whenapersonhasinsulin-dependentdiabetes,it’sbecausethepancreasisnotmakinginsulin.Sosomeonecouldbeeatinglotsoffoodandgettingalltheglucoseheneeds,butwithoutinsulin,thereisnowayforthebodytousetheglucoseforenergy.____2____

Youmayhaveheardolderpeopletalkabouthavingdiabetes,maybepeopleofyourgrandparents’age.Usually,thisisadifferentkindofdiabetescallednon-insulin-dependentdiabetes.ItcanalsobecalledType2diabetes,oradult-onsetdiabetes.____3____

Whenakidisdiagnosedwithjuvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,hewillhavethattypeofdiabetesforhiswholelife.Itwon’teverchangetonon-insulin-dependentdiabeteswhenhegetsolder.

Scientistsnowthinkthatapersonwhohasjuvenilediabeteswasbornwithacertaingeneorgenesthatmadethepersonmorelikelytogettheillness.____4____Manyscientistsbelievethatalongwithhavingcertaingenes,somethingelseoutsidetheperson’sbody,likeaviralinfection,isnecessarytosetthediabetesinmotionbyaffectingthecellsinthepancreasthatmakeinsulin.

Butthepersonmusthavethegene(orgenes)fordiabetestostartoutwith—thismeansyoucan’tgetdiabetesjustfromcatchingaflu,virus,orcold.Andthistypeofdiabetesisn’tcausedbyeatingtoomanysugaryfoods,either.Diabetescantakealongtimetodevelopinaperson’sbody—sometimesmonthsoryears.Anotherimportantthingtorememberisthatdiabetesisnotcontagious.____5____

词汇：

viral病毒(性)的;病毒引起的infection感染

sugary糖的;含糖的;甜的;太甜的contagious触染的;传染的

insulin胰岛素diabetes糖尿病glucose葡萄糖

hormone激素，荷尔蒙pancreas膜(腺)

onset开头juvenile少年的

解释：

1.insulin-dependentdiabetes：胰岛素依靠型糖尿病

2.onitsown：独立地，靠自己的力气

3.non-insulin-dependentdiabetes：非胰岛素依靠型糖尿病

4.adult-onsetdiabetes：成人型糖尿病

5.juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes：少年型(胰岛素依靠型)糖尿病

6.tosetthediabetesinmotionbyaffectingthecellsinthepancreasthatmakeinsulin：通过对胰腺中生成胰岛素的细胞的影响而导致糖尿病的发作

练习：

AGenesaresomethingthatyouinheritfromyourparents,andtheyareinyourbodyevenbeforeyou’reborn.

BThissugar-fueliscalledglucose.

CItmaybepossibletobeatinsulinresistancethroughlifestylechanges.

DYoucan’tcatchdiabetesfrompeoplewhohaveit,nomatterhowcloseyousittothemorifyoukissthem.

ETheglucosecan’tgetintothecellsofthebodywithoutinsulin.

FWhenapersonhasthiskindofdiabetes,thepancreasusuallycanstillmakeinsulin,buttheperson’sbodyneedsmorethanthepancreascanmake.

答案与题解：

1.B文章第一句讲，人进食后，身体便会从食物中获得糖并将其转化成燃料。接下来应首选对这种糖燃料加以解释的句子。

2.E前两句讲到，患胰岛素依靠型糖尿病的病人，其胰腺不能生成胰岛素，因此，尽管某人进食大量食物并猎取所需的全部葡萄糖，但没有胰岛素，身体就无法利用这些葡萄糖猎取能量。也就是说，没有胰岛素，葡萄糖就不能进入身体的细胞内。

3.F此段的前几