从女性主义视角解读《达洛维夫人》中的女性形象

从女性主义视角解读《达洛维夫人》中的女性形象AFeministInterpretationoftheFemaleImageinMrs.Dalloway

AbstractVirginiaWoolfisknownasalegendarywomaninthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Withheruniqueperspectiveandprofoundthinking,Woolfnotonlycontinuouslyexplorednewpossibilitiesinthecreationofnovels,butalsodeeplyexploredtheroleofwomeninsociety,whichmadeasignificantcontributiontothedevelopmentoffeminism.Mrs.DallowayisoneofWoolfsoutstandingworks,whichclearlydemonstrateshisdeepunderstandingoffeminism.Mrs.Dallowayprofoundlyrevealstheoppressionfacedbywomeninthepatriarchalsociety,andWoolfholdsapositiveattitudetowardsfemalevalues,thusprovidinganimportanttheoreticalbasisforfeminism.Fromtheperspectiveoffeminism,byanalyzingthefemaleimagesinMrs.Dalloway,thispaperinterpretsthefeministconsciousnesscontainedinitandfindsthatallthewomenintheworkarefacinginjustice,buttherearealsosomewomenwhoresistoppressionandshowafirmfemaleconsciousness.Woolftriedtofindawayoutforthespiritualliberationofmodernwomenbyexposingthesesocialrealities.Keywords:Mrs.Dalloway.VirginiaWoolf,Feminism1990'sandcontinuestothisday,inpartasaresponsetothebacklashfromthegainssecondwavefeministshadmadeinthe1970*sand80's.Althoughwomanmadegreatadvancesbutequalitywasstillfarinthefuture,"RaceandClassbecameimportantissuesforreflectionandactionwithinthemovement一amovementthathadbeendominatedbywhite,mostlymiddle-classwomenn(Hyun-sook136).Thiswaveoffeminismisnotcenteredononeortwokeystruggles,suchastherighttovoteorreproductivechoice.Whilethemovementseemslessgalvanizedinthiscurrentwave,thereisnodoubtthatthefightforwomen'sequalityisfarfromover."Mobilizingandorganizingacrossage,race,classandourdifferencesaswomenremainsourchallengeincontinuingthefightforequalityforwomen”(Hyun-sook151).DeadFeminismbyFrancoiseDeAuban(1974)emphasizesthecloserelationshipbetweenwomenandnature,andrefutesthetraditionalfeminismthatviewswomeninawayofoppressionandexploitation,whichismoreinlinewiththeactualsituationoftoday!ssociety.Irigarayanpromotesthenecessitytoconstructadvancedgendercultureandraisetheeducationallevelofwomen.Besides,basedonthedevelopmentofsociologyandfeministstudies,gendersociologyemerges,andsocialgenderbecomesthecoreconceptoffeministacademyandtheory.QiaoSulinstatesinherdissertationConstructionofPostmodernismFeministWomenandCultureShiftthattheconstructionofnewfemaleculturewhichbasesontheequalityofgenderdifferencesandinterdependencybythemaximizationofthehumanfreedominoptionandknowledgewillrealizethegoalofFeminism:tocompleteliberationinhumannatureandthecomprehensivedevelopmentofhumanbutnottakingthemalesastheenemyofthefemales.LiteratureReviewThenovelMrs.DallowayisafamousworkofVirginiaWoolfandoneofthefirstattemptsofWesternmoderniststream-of-consciousnessnovels,withmanyinnovationsinsubjectmatter,styleandwritingmethods(Hyun-sook138).Woolfusestheinnermonologuesofseveralcharacterstocreatethefullimagesofseveralprotagonists,whichbreaksthetraditionalchronologicalnarrativepatternandmakesthelanguagepresentapoeticrhythm,creatinganewanduniquenovelart.TheBritishandAmericanliterarycircleshavealreadymaderichresearchachievementsonthiswork,mainlyfromtheperspectivesofbiographies,psychology,sociology,stylisticsandfeminism.LucioRuotola,anAmericanprofessor,wroteinhisessaynFWoolf—ReappraisalandContinuity":"Ifsheintendedtocriticizethesocialsystemandshowthatitisworking,thenMrs.Dallowayshouldbehermediumtocriticizethecurrentpolitics.Inshortstories,however,sheisnotastaticobjectofsatire.nRotolo,basedonthemaincharactersofthenovel,providesthereaderwithasocialpsychologicalexplanation.OtherinfluentialresearchbooksincludeAlexZwerdling'sMrs.DallowayandtheSocialSystemandElizabethAbeFsNarrativeStructureandFemaleGrowth:TheCaseofMrs.Dalloway.Theworkhasalsoattractedmoreandmorescholars1attentioninChina.Asamilestonefigureinthehistoryoffeministpoetics,Woolfspoeticsnotonlyemphasizestheuniquefemaleconsciousness,butalsocallsonwomentobethemselves.Itshowsanopenandnon-politicalcharacteranddoesnotdeliberatelycreateapureandclosed"femaleessence11theory.InhisWoolf,anovelistofStreamofConsciousness,QuShijingdividesthenarrativestructureofthisnovelintofivelevelsofanalysis,includingothers1impressionoftheheroine'sappearance,hermutualviewswithothercharacters,herself-analysisandevaluation,herattitudetowardslife,andherinnermonologueontheissueoflifeanddeath,fromtheoutsidetotheinside,andfromthedeeptothesimple.Inrecentyears,theresearchonMrs.Dallowayhasincreasedsignificantly.ChinaNationalKnowledgeNetalonehascollectedmorethan500journalsandacademicpaperswiththenovelastheresearchobject.AninterpretationoftheFemaleImagesinMrs.DallowayfromthePerspectiveofFeminismTherearemanykindsoffemaleimagesinMrs.Dalloway.andtheimagesonMrs.Dallowaycanbesummedupastwokinds.Inthenovel,wecanseeboththeaffectionateandkindMrs.DallowayandthestrugglingMrs.Dalloway.Inaddition,therearemanynewimagesofwomeninthenovel,includingtheunrestrainedSally,theambitiousMrs.Bruton,andthefreeandindependentElizabeth.Mrs.Dalloway-aTraditionalFemaleImageTheaffectionateandkindDallowayClarissaaspirestoanautonomouslifeasawifeandmother,andshehasonlyonedaughterratherthanagroupofchildren,whichshowsthatsheismoreautonomousthanothertraditionalwomen.Andyet,afterbecomingawifeandmother,shestillfelt"stillavirgin,likethesheetsthatwerewrappedaroundhercouldnotbeundone/1returningtotheatticnlikeanunretiring/andshefeltherlonelinessandwisdomdeeply.nChastityHemphasizesthefreedomandperfectionofwomen.Itallowswomentoexpressthemselvesfreelyandwithoutbeingboundbyrules.Inthisway,arealClarissawillemerge,allowinghertobecompletelyrelaxedandfreetopursueherdreams.ThestrugglingDallowayMrs.Dallowayisanincomprehensiblecharacterwhorefusestosocializewithothersandhasastrongself-controlthatdoesnftletherfeelingsgetintheway.Althoughtheyseemtorespecteachother,inrealitytheirrelationshipislikethatofstrangers."Herbedwillgetnarrower,Hrevealingherpost-marriageapathytowardsex.Shedoesn'twanttobetheonehurtbyromanticlove,andshehasastrongsenseofbeingcontrolled.Shecravesprivacyandindependence,evenbetweencouples:nEveryonehasapartofdignityandapartofloneliness,andevenbetweencouplesthereisagulf,andyouhavetorespectit."Becauseyoudon'twanttogiveitupyourself/Clarissathoughtasshewatchedhimopenthedoor,nyoudon'twanttoacceptitagainstyourhusband'swisheswithoutlosingyourindependenceandself-respect-afterall,it'spriceless.nMrs.Dallowayisanambitiouswomanwhodesiressuccessandisabletomakeindependentdecisionsandseekstability.Shebelievesthatapersonhasnorighttowastetimeandshouldtrytodosomethingtobecomeatrueself.ShekeptrememberingheroldflamePeterandtheirfailures.Thebanquetssheorganizesarenotonlyanopportunitytoshowwomen'screativityandaffirmwomen'svalue,butalsoastagetobringpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundstogethertoinspiremutualresonanceandmakeeachother1slivesmorecolorful.Mrs.Dallowayassertsthat"feastingisakindofgiving:combining,creatingnisachallengingactivitywhoseconnotationscannotbedescribedinwordsand,asaresult,aredifficultforwomentounderstand.SallyandOthers-NewFemaleImageThenaturalandunrestrainedSallySallySettonwasabravewomanwhostoodupforherrights,especiallytherighttovote,unafraidofsocialpressure.Shewasnotwillingtosubmittotraditionalsocialconcepts,butbravelychallengedherrightsandworkedhardtorealizeherdreams.Sheisawomanwhodarestochallengethetradition,bravelypursuesherideal,andbravelypursuesherdreamwithoutfearofsocialpressure.Becauseofherwildandindomitablecharacter,Clarissaisrespectedbyeveryone,whichalsorekindlingtheirchildhoodfriendship.WoolfspraiseforSallywasunparalleled:almosteveryoneexcepthisfatherwasimpressedbyherenthusiasm,hardworkanddedicationtoherart.Tothisday,someelderlylocalwomenstillrefertoClarissaasnherfriendintheredcloak,theveryclevergirl.”TheambitiousMrs.BrutonMrs.Brutonhadastrongsenseofpatriotismandnationalpride,andshewaseagertoworkwiththeyoungmenandwomenofEnglandtomakeCanadaacolony.Shehopestogaingreaterpoliticalpowerandcontrolthereligiousworldtofulfillherambitions.However,becausesheisawoman,shehastorelyonmenforthesepowersandisultimatelyrelegatedtoasecondaryposition.Hadshebeenaman,shewouldhavebeenatruepatriotoftheBritishEmpire,leadingtroopsandbeatingbackrebelswithherclankofsteel.Butnowshewasleftwithnanimaginarypoleofthesortherancestorsmighthaveheld,andshehelditsleepily,asifshewereleadinganarmytowardsCanada".ThefreeandindependentElizabethElizabeth,thedaughterofMrs.Dalloway,symbolizedtheenergyandenthusiasmofanewgeneration.Onesunnymorning,shesteppedoutofherhouse,tookthecitybusandsailedthesealikeapirate,lettinghermindflyfreeandforgettingherladylikeimage.Woolfbelievesthatwomenshouldembracechallengesandhavethecouragetopursuetheirdreams,insteadofjustdoingwhatmencandolikeElizabethinthe"Perfecthousewife"，topursuetheirdreams,torealizetheirvalue,tochangetheirdestiny,torealizetheirdreamsandtorealizetheirvalue.MissKillmanisanexcellenthistorian,whodeeplystudiessocialissues,historicalevents,andtheimportantroleofwomeninsociety.SheisabletohelpElizabethunderstandandcopewiththechallengesofourtime,andtoshowwomen'svaluesbytellingtheseevents.MissKillmanwasdeeplydisgustedbyClarissa'ssocialways:nShewastedyourlifebyconcealingsadnessandhappiness,andhadaburningdesiretoconquerherandexposeher.Ifshecanknockherout,itwillbeeasier/1ConclusionFeministtheoryprovidesanewgenderdimensionforthestudyofliteraryworks,andfeminismisalsoanimportantgoalofVirginiaWoolfslifestruggle.VirginiaWoolfisamodernwriterfulloffemaleconsciousness.Herworksdeeplyreflectherfirmbeliefinfeminism.Throughliterarycreation,sheexposedtheoppressionandexploitationofwomeninthepatriarchalsocietyandcalledonwomentobravelypursuefreedomandliberationinordertoachievematerialandspiritualautonomy.ThroughthecomparativestudyofseveralfemaleimagesinMrs.Dalloway,thispaperobservestheconnectionanddifferenceofdifferentfemaleimages,interpretstheawkwardsituationofwomeninthepatriarchalsocietyoftheVictorianeraandtheauthorexpectstosavemankindbythesoothingpowerofwomenandrealizetherealmofbisexualharmony.Fromtheresearchresultsofthispaper,wecanseethatsheexploreshowpeopleenjoyaquietlifefromanemotionalperspectiveandexposestheinjusticeswomenfaceinsociety.Thisnovelnotonlyinjectednewbloodintothemodernistnovel,butalsomadeanimportantcontributiontothedevelopmentoffeministliterature.Becauseofthediscriminationandoppressionofthesocietyforalongtime,womenhaveinexplicablefearfortheirlivesandfuture.Theopen,equalandfreesocialenvironmentonthesurfaceactuallyhidesthespiritualoppressionofwomen.Byexposingthissocialreality,theauthortriestofindawayoutforthespiritualliberationofmodemwomen.WorksCited陈柳青.《达洛卫夫人》中的女性主义意识论分析，黑龙江教师发展学院学报，2020:108-110o魏玉洁，赵培玲.阁楼中的存在瞬间：《达洛卫夫人》的存在主义女性主义解读，外语与翻译，2019:71-75o赵冬梅.从女性主义角度解读《达洛维夫人》中的女性形象，外语学干IJ.2014(02):130-133oCho,Moo-Seuck."VirginiaWoolfsFeminismandBiblicalImagesintotheLighthouse."JournalofKoreanWomen'sStudies,2000,16(2):75-104.Hyun-sook,Kim.^FeminisminVirginiaWoolfsworks一FocusedonARoomofOnersOwn&TotheLighthouse.992009,13:127-154.SkjeieH,StetsonMB,MazurAG.("ComparativeStateFeminism.ContemporarySocio/ogy.”1995,26(3):339.WoolfV,WrightGP.Mrs.Dalloway.AmsterdamUniversityPress,2005,85(3).弗吉尼亚・伍尔夫被誉为英国文学史上的传奇女性，她以其独特的视角和深刻的思考，不仅在小说创作上不断探索新的可能性，还深入探究女性在社会中的角色，为女性主义的发展做出了重大贡献。《达洛维夫人》是伍尔夫的杰出作品，它清晰地展示了他对女性主义的深刻理解。《达洛维夫人》深刻地揭示了女性在男权社会中所面临的压迫，并且伍尔夫对女性的价值观持肯定态度，从而为女性主义提供了重要的理论基础。本文从女性主义的角度切入，通过分析《达洛维夫人》中的女性形象，解读其中蕴藏着的女性主义意识，发现作品中的女性都面临着不公正的对待，但是他们其中也不乏有反抗压迫的女性，表现出坚定的女性意识。伍尔夫试图通过揭露这些社会现实，为现代女性的精神解放寻找出路。关键词：达洛维夫人，弗吉尼亚・伍尔夫，女性主义ContentsTOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"Introduction i\o"CurrentDocument"IntroductiontoVirginiaWoolf. i\o"CurrentDocument"IntroductiontoMrs.Dalloway ii\o"CurrentDocument"IntroductiontoFeminism iv\o"CurrentDocument"LiteratureReview viiiAninterpretationoftheFemaleImagesinMrs.DallowayfromthePerspectiveofFeminism ix\o"CurrentDocument"Mrs.Dalloway-aTraditionalFemaleImage ixTheaffectionateandkindDalloway ixThestrugglingDalloway x\o"CurrentDocument"SallyandOthers-NewFemaleImage xiThenaturalandunrestrainedSally xiTheambitiousMrs.Bruton xiThefreeandindependentElizabeth xii\o"CurrentDocument"Conclusion xiii\o"CurrentDocument"WorksCited xvAFeministInterpretationoftheFemaleImageinMrs.DallowayIntroductionVirginiaWoolf,afamousBritishfemalewriter,isknownasthepioneerofmodernismandfeministwritersinthe20thcentury.ShecreatedthisgreatnovelMrs.DallowaywhenWesternfeminismandtheideaofgenderequalityrose.Sinceitspublication,thenovelhasbeenanalyzedbyscholarsathomeandabroadfromavarietyofperspectives,mostofwhichfocusonthestreamofconsciousnesstechniquesandthethemeofdeath.IntroductiontoVirginiaWoolfVirginiaWoolf,bominVictorianEngland,isoneofthemostoutstandingfemalewritersinthe20thcentury.Sheplaysapivotalroleinthehistoryoffeministthoughtintheworld(Woolf85).BeforeWoolf,Britishfemalewritersmainlyfocusedonwomen'srightsandfateattheemotionallevel,whileWoolfchosetoreflectwomenfswayoflivingandreflecttheirsocialstatusandpredicamentthroughliterarycreation.Woolfwasabrilliantwriterwithacreativemind.Sherejectedtraditionalliteraryformsandsoughtnewwaysofexpression.Inherworks,theplotsarerefinedasmuchaspossible,ratherthandepictingcomplexhumannature,andmoreabouttheinnerstrugglesandstrugglesofhercharacters,makingherapioneerofcontemporarystream-of-consciousnessliterature.Inadditiontoheroutstandingachievementsinfiction,Woolfisalsoconsideredapioneerofthefeministmovementandcontributedgreatlytothedevelopmentoffeminism.Forexample,inherfamousworkARoomofOnefsOwn(1929),Woolfexpressedherconcernforthedifficultsituationthatfemalewritershadtosufferwhencreatinginapatriarchalsocietyandherpursuitofequalrightsbetweenmenandwomen.Shebelievedthatthelanguageofliterarycreationatthattimewasalsodistinctlygenderedandmasculine,sowhenfemalewriterscreatedliterature,theywouldfindthattherewasnoready-madeappropriatesentencepatternforthemtouse.Inviewofthis,Woolfpointedoutthatfemalewritersmustdeveloptheirownliterarylanguage,style,themes,etc.,soastoestablishthefemaleliterarytradition.AsarepresentativeworkofWoolfsstream-of-consciousnessnovels,Mrs.Dallowayalsoclearlyembodiesherfeministviews.IntroductiontoMrs.DallowayMrs.DallowayisoneoftheoutstandingworksofstreamofconsciousnessbyVirginiaWoolf,anEnglishwriter.ThenovelwaswrittenintheaftermathofWorldWarLwhentheentiresocietywasintheshadowofwar.Insuchasocialenvironment,Mrs.Dalloway.likemanygirls,wasfulloflongingforthefutureandmanybeautifulpursuitswhenshewasyoung.However,althoughsheisintheupperclasssocietyinBritain,thesurfacewasbright,butinfact,shewaslikethedecorationoftheupperclass.Thecontradictionbetweenrealityandideallife.Thechoicebetweenfightingorcompromisinglefthermiserable,lostandhelpless.ItcanbesaidthatboththeyoungClarissaandthemarriedMrs.Dallowayliveinstruggleandcompromise.Therearetwoplotlinesinthenovel.OneisaboutadayinthelifeofClarissaasshepreparesforadinnerparty.Inthenovel,Clarissa'smemory,associationandinnermonologueareusedtorealizethetransitionoftimeandspaceoverthepast30years,anddeeplyshowherdeathandlonelinessconsciousnessinthepredicamentofsurvival,aswellasherself-lossandexternaloppressionandrestraint.AnotherclueisthemedicalexperienceofSeptimus,whosufferedfromshell-shockcausedbythewar.Septimusfinallycommittedsuicideoutoffearofbeinglockedupinamentalhospital,whichrevealsthepersecutionofthesocialsystem.WhenClarissahearsthenewsofSeptimus1suicideatadinnerparty,thetwothreadsintertwine,andClarissafeelsasifshehaddiedherself,revealingtheirspiritualidentity.WoolfwroteofthebookinherdiaryonJune19,1923nIdescribelifeanddeath,sanityandinsanity;Iwanttocriticizethesocialsystemandshowtheextremewayitworks.;Here,WoolfrevealsdifferentlevelsofsurvivaldilemmasthroughthedifferentperspectivesofClarissathesaneandSeptimusthederanged.Inpreviousstudiesonthisnovel,Clarissa'ssurvivaldilemmaandthesearchforthemeaningoflifemainlyfocusedontwoaspects:torevealthedilemmaofwomeninthepatriarchalsocietyoftheVictorianerawhentheybothdesirefreedomandequalityandcannotgetridofthebondageoftraditionalsystemandcustoms;ItusesHeidegger'ssurvivaltheoryondeathtoanalyzeClarissa'sloneliness,solitudeandlingeringshadowofdeath.However,doesnotdigintotheexistencepsychologyofClarissa'spredicament,anddoesnotrevealtheuniversalsignificanceofthecharacter'spredicamentbeyondtime,spaceandclass.Septimus1experiencedidnotrevealtheessenceofcontrolandoppressioninthesociety,nordiditanalyzethemanifestationofpowerruleatthemicrolevel.Therefore,thispaperattemptstoexploreClarissa'sexistentialdilemmaandsociologicalsignificancefromtheperspectiveofexistentialpsychology.Clarissa'ssurvivaldilemmaismainlymanifestedasdeathconsciousness,emptinessandloneliness,aswellaspainandtroubleininterpersonalcommunication.Fromtheperspectiveofexistentialpsychology,thisdilemmacanbeattributedtothelossofself.Thispaperfocusesontheself-lossinClarissa'slifeandanalyzesthefactorsthatsuppresspeople'sfreedomandindependencefromtheinterpersonalrelationshiplevel.ThroughtheexperienceofSeptimus,theshadowcharacter,thispaperprobesintothehumanevilandinstitutionaloppressioninthesociety,andtracesbackthedeepcausesthatsuppresspeople'sfreedomandindependence.IntroductiontoFeminismFeminismisaglobalmovementtopromoteequalitybetweenmenandwomenthattracesitsrootstothehumanismandindustrialrevolutionofthe18thcenturyandhasaninfluenceacrossEurope,theUSandbeyond.(Cho,Moo-Seuck78).Feminismadvocatesinmanyfields,includingoccupation,education,childwelfare,contraception,artificialinsemination,familyrolechange,socialdiscrimination,socialinjustice,andcallsfortheestablishmentofafairsocialparticipant.(113)Inherfamous"AVindicationoftheRightsofwomen”(1792),MaryWollstonecraftemphasizedthatwomen'sstatuswasnotcomparabletothatofmen,Butbecauseoftheirlackofeducation.Shefirmlybelievedthatbothmenandwomenshouldhaverationalthinking,andbasedonthis,buildasocialorderwithrationalityatitscore.Later,feministmovementcanberegardedasthree"waves”(Hyun-sook,Kim129).PrideandPrejudicewaspublishedbeforefirst-wavefeminism,whichbeganinthe1890s,focusedtheirstrugglesprimarilyongaininglegalrightssuchastherighttovote(women'ssuffrage)andpropertyrights.ElizabethCadyStantonwasakeywomaninthefightforsuffrage.nThefirstknownpublicationsbywomenthatreferredtoademandforequalitybetweenmenandwomenwerepublishedinthe15thcentury,butwhatisreferredtoasfirst-wavefeminismreallybeganinearnestinthelate1800fsandearly19001sn(144).PrideandPrejudicewa