外研社初一英语期中知识点整理

人称主语be动词宾格形容词性物主代词我Iammemy你youareyouyour他heishimhis她sheisherher它itisitits我们weareusour你们youareyouyour他们theyarethemtheir注：be动词（am,is,are）三种形式I-amyou-arehe/she/it–iswe/you/they-are特殊疑问词5W:when（何时）where（何地）who（何人）what（何物）which（何个）when（什么时候）WhenisyourEnglishlesson？英语课是什么时候？where（哪里）Whereareyoufrom？你来自哪里？who（谁）Whoisthatgirl？那个女孩是谁？what（什么）Whatisyourname？你叫什么名字？which（哪个）Whichseasondoyoulikebest？你最喜欢季节是哪个？1H:how（怎样）how(怎样)Howareyou？你怎么样？特殊疑问词短语whattime：问时间点Whattimeisit？whatcolor：问颜色Whatcolorisit？whatweather：问天气What’stheweatherliketoday?whatsubject：问学科Whatsubjectdoyoulikebest?Howold：问年纪Howoldareyou？6.Howmany：问数量（后接可数名词）Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom？7.Howmuch：问数量（后接不可数名词）Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle？问价格Howmuchisthis？8.Howfar：问旅程9.Howoften：问频率10.Howlong：多长11.Howsoon：多久a/an区分a用于以辅音语素开头单数名词前e.g.apencilan用于以元音语素开头单数名词前e.g.anapple；anEnglishbooksome/any区分some，any后接可数名词复数或不可数名词some用于必定句中e.g.Ihavegotsomeapples.any用于否定或疑问句中疑问句：Haveyougotanyapplesinthefridge？否定句：Wehaven’tgotanyapples.Therebe（is/are）句型：存在句，意为…(某地)有…(某物)。Thereisabirdonthetree.Therearefiftystudentsinmyclass.复数变形1.多数单词直接加se.g.apples2.以o结尾单词，无生命加se.g.photo-photos有生命加ese.g.tomato-tomatoes3．以ch.sh.x.s结尾单词多加eswatch-watches;dish-dishes;box-boxes;class-classes3.以y结尾单词，变y为I,加ese.g.country-countries4.以f结尾单词，变f为v,加ese.g.leaf-leaves;wolf-wolves5.特殊变形：child-children；man-men；woman-women;tooth-teethTony’s…两种使用方法Tony’s…=Tonyis…Tony是…Tony’s…名词全部格一个形式：Tony…指示代词单复数形式this(这)——these（这些）that（那）——those（那些）缩略形式Iam=I’mIhavegot/wehavegot=I’vegot/we’vegotyouare=you’rethereis=there’sthereare=there’rewhatis=what’sheis/sheis/itis=he’s/she’s/it’s对应China–ChineseAmerica–AmericanEngland–EnglishAustralia–AustralianCanada–Canadian同音异义词police（警察）-please（请）no（不）-know（知道）two（二）-too（也）-to（去，到）buy（买）-by（经过）meat（肉）-meet（见面，见到）there(那里)-their（他们）right（右边，正确）-write（写）方位in在…里面on在…上面between在…之间nextto在…旁边﹌near靠近…behind在…后面infrontof在…前面ontheleft在…左边ontheright在..右边inthemiddleof在…中间时间与介词搭配on+星期onMonday;onMondaymorningat+时间点atseveno'clockin+早/中/晚inthemorning;intheafternoon;intheevening通常疑问句陈说句变通常疑问句A句中有be动词（am，is，are）或情态动词（can），将be动词或情态动词放于主语（句子主体）前，其余照抄。Iamanewstudenthere.-Areyouanewstudenthere?Heisfourteenyearsold.-Ishefourteenyearsold?SheisfromAmerica.–IsshefromAmerica？Theyareatthesamehospital.–Aretheyatthesamehospital?Hecanplaythepiano.–Canheplaythepiano?Thereissomemeatinthefridge.–Isthereanymeatinthefridge?B句中有实义动词（具备实际意义动词），句首加助动词do/does，句中原有实义动词变为原形。（对you/复数提问时用do，对单数提问时用does）Igohomeonfooteveryday.–Doyougohomeonfooteveryday?-Mybrotherdoeshomeworkatseveno’clock.-Doesyourbrotherdohomeworkatseveno’clock?Welikepandas.–Doyoulikepandas?注意三点:句中假如有some，要改成any句中I(We)，my要改成you，your句末句号变为问号。通常疑问句回答有两种：Yes/No，但假如提供了选择（即出现了or）时，需选择一个情况作答。Doyoulikecoffee,blackorwhite?通常疑问句怎么问就怎么答，怎么答就怎么问。Arethey…?–Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Isthere…?–Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Areyou…?–Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.–Yes,weare./No,wearen’t.注意：you需要变成I/WeIsyourmotherateacher？–Yes,she（mym