2019译林版高中英语必修一Unit1 Back to school 知识清单（教师版）

。。。阅读单词认读well-roundedadj.全面发展的；面面俱到的individualn.个人adj.单独的，个别的workshopn.研讨会，讲习班；车间，作坊biologyn.生物学buttern.黄油puddingn.甜点；布丁rugbyn.橄榄球运动calligraphyn.书法，书法艺术重点单词识记senioradj.中学的；级别高的；高级水平的；老年的n.级别(或地位)较高者；较……年长的人；高水平运动员pathn.道路；小路；成功的途径thinkingn.思维，思想；想法positiveadj.积极乐观的；良好的，正面的opportunityn.机会，时机acquirevt.获得，得到effortn.努力，费力的事；试图resourcen.资源；资料；谋略facilityn.设施，设备；场所attituden.态度，看法goaln.目标；进球得分charactern.品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字aheadadv.(时间、空间)向前；提前junioradj.地位(或级别)低的；青少年的n.职位较低者；青少年运动员independentadj.自主的，有主见的；自立的focusn.焦点，重点vt.&vi.集中tipn.指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费basevt.以……为基础(依据)n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营remindvt.提醒，使想起aimn.目的，目标vi.&vt.力争做到；目的是；针对stylen.风格；方式；样式techniquen.技巧，技艺；技能materialn.材料；素材adj.物质的，实际的；客观存在的postern.海报；(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人secondaryadj.中学的；次要的exchangen.&vt.交换；交流；兑换hostn.主人；东道主；主持人vt.主办；主持toughadj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的核心词汇拓展potentialn.潜力；可能性adj.潜在的，可能的→potentiallyadv.潜在地，可能地challengen.&vt.挑战；质疑→challengingadj.有挑战性的advancen.进步，进展；前进，行进vt.&vi.发展，进步→advancedadj.先进的，高级的amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→amazedadj.惊讶的→amazevt.使惊讶→amazementn.惊讶confidencen.信心，信任；把握→confidentadj.自信的equaladj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人(物)linkingv.与……相等vt.比得上→equalityn.平等；相等→equallyadv.同样地；相等地；公平地balancevt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性n.均衡，平衡；平衡能力→balancedadj.平衡的；均衡的improvevt.&vi.改进，改善→improvementn.改进responsibleadj.有责任，负责；可靠的→responsibilityn.责任detailn.细节；具体情况→detailedadj.详细的proposaln.提议，建议，动议→proposevt.提议professionaladj.职业的，专业的n.专门人员，专业人士→professionn.职业，专业→professorn.教授，讲师alarmn.闹钟；恐慌；警报器vt.使惊恐，使害怕→alarmedadj.惊恐的→alarmingadj.使人惊恐的contributionn.贡献；捐款；捐赠→contributev.捐献；贡献→contributorn.捐献者；投稿人fortunatelyadv.幸运地，幸亏→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunen.运气；命运optionn.可选择的事物，选择；选修课→optionaladj.可选择的attractvt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→attractiveadj.吸引人的→attractionn.有吸引力的事物核心短语速记liein存在于，在于riseto能够处理makeadifference起作用，有影响makethemostof充分利用，尽情享受takeadvantageof利用lastbutnotleast最后但同样重要的lookforwardto盼望，期待asaresultof由于stickto坚持；固守，维持overtime随着时间流逝，久而久之can’twaitto迫不及待地takepartin参与，参加intime迟早；最后；及时payattentionto注意abandonvt.放弃；抛弃；遗弃abundantadj.大量的；充足的；丰富的accessibleadj.易接近的；随和的accompanyvt.陪伴；伴奏accomplishvt.完成；实现accumulatevi.积累；积聚achievementn.成就adaptationn.适应；改编addictedadj.入了迷的；上了瘾的adoptvt.采纳；收养Ican’twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.(what引导宾语从句)我迫不及待地想要向你们描述高中生活的模样。Tofullyrealizeyourpotential，itisimportantforyoutomakethemostofourschoolresources.(Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.)要想全面发挥自己的潜能，充分利用我们学校的资源很重要。Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits,usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.(完全倒装)同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。AsLao-Tzuwiselysaid,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”(as引导非限制性定语从句)正如老子睿智的箴言所说的那样：“千里之行，始于足下。”IlikeitsomuchthatIstilluseitasmyalarm!(so...that...引导结果状语从句)我那么喜欢它以至于我仍旧用它作闹钟！IfoundMathsquiteeasyandenjoyablebecausethematerialwaslessadvancedintheUKthaninChina.(find＋宾语＋宾补)我觉得数学很简单，学起来很愉快，因为英国的教材没有中国的难。 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。makethemostof,challenge,improve,focus,exchange,positiveAsanewseniorhighschoolstudent,youwillmeetalotof1.challenges.Thefollowingaresometipstohelpyouleadameaningfullife.Firstly,itisimportantforyouto2.makethemostofamazingresourcesintheschooltorealizeyourpotential.Atthesametime,makegreateffortstogetoverdifficultiesandseizeeveryopportunity3.toimproveyourability.Themoreknowledgeyouacquire,themoreconfidenceyouwillhave.Secondly,keepinmindthatgoodstudyhabits,usefulskillsanda4.positiveattitudeareofequalimportance.Planyourstudycarefullyand5.focusonyourlessonsinclass.Afterclassyou’dbetter6.exchangewordswithyourclassmatestoimproveyourcommunicationskills.Inaword,learntobalancebetweenyourstudyandhobbiesandworkoutareasonableplan.Soon,youwillbeawell-roundedindividual!提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇advancev.促进；前进；预付；提前；提出(想法、理论、计划)n.前进；进步，进展(advancedadj.先进的；高级的)•advanceon/towardssb./sth.向某人/物前进•inadvance预先；事先；预付makeanadvance/advancesin在……方面取得进步Weallknowthatourcountryhasmadegreatadvances(advance)inastronomy.约翰和伯纳德面带灿烂的笑容向附近的市场前进，去卖他们的爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)JohnandBernardadvancedtowardsthenearbymarkettoselltheirpopcorn,withabrightsmileontheirfaces.如果你能提前告知我你是否有空，我将不胜感激。盼望着收到你的来信。(2019·全国Ⅲ，书面表达) I’dappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowwhetheryouareavailableornotinadvance.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的(amazevt.使惊讶；使惊愕amazedadj.惊讶的；惊喜的amazementn.惊讶)beamazedat/by/that...对……感到惊讶inamazement惊讶地toone’samazement令某人吃惊的是Toheramazement,allthepeoplepresentatthesportsmeetingwereamazedat/bytheamazingnewsthatsuchalittleboydefeatedhisadultopponentinoneround.(用合适的词或amaze的适当形式填空)令我们吃惊的是，这位高中生在短时间内完成了这一艰巨的任务。Whatamazeduswasthattheseniorhighschoolstudentfinishedthetoughtaskinashorttime.(what引导主语从句，amazev.)Itwasamazingthattheseniorhighschoolstudentfinishedthetoughtaskinashorttime.(it作形式主语，amazing)Toouramazement,theseniorhighschoolstudentfinishedthetoughtaskinashorttime.(amazement)equaladj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物v.与……相等，等于；比得上(equalityn.平等；相等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地)beequalto(doing)sth.等于/胜任(做)某事equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.在(做)某事上比得过某人/物bewithoutequal＝havenoequal无与伦比AsfarasI’mconcerned,heisequaltoaccomplishingthetoughtask,fornooneequals(equal)him.Inotherwords,heiswithoutequal.(用合适的词或equal的适当形式填空)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我胜任作为博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)Firstly,nobodycanequalmeinoralEnglish.EquallyimportantisthatIamgoodatcommunicatingwithothers.SoIholdthefirmbeliefthatIamequaltothejobasavolunteerforthefair.balancen.均衡，平衡；天平；余额vt.平衡；权衡；使相等(balancedadj.平衡的；均衡的)keep/lose(one’s)balance保持/失去(某人的)平衡keepabalancebetweenAandB在A和B之间保持平衡balance...against权衡，比较Beforegoingonadiet,you’dbetterbalancetheadvantagesagainstthedisadvantages.Inmyopinion,you’dbetterkeepabalanced(balance)dietforthebenefitofyourhealth.(用合适的词或balance的适当形式填空)我得到的建议是我应该在工作和休息之间保持平衡。IgotaproposalthatIshouldkeepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxation.focusvt.&vi.集中；聚焦n.中心点；焦点，重点(focusedadj.注意力集中的；目标明确的)•focus(...)on/upon...(把……)集中于……•thefocusof...……的焦点/中心Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking”.(2020·全国Ⅰ)Withherattentionfocused(focus)onthestyle,sheforgotallaboutotheraspects.这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。Itshowsacommonphenomenonnowadaysthatchildrenarethefocusoffamilies,shoulderingthehopeoftheirparents.basevt.以……为据点(或总部等)；以……为根据n.基部；基地；根据；基础(basisn.原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础basicadj.基本的；基础的)base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上bebasedon/upon以……为根据(基础)onthebasisof在……的基础上onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期Chinesecharactersareawritingsystemwhichisbasedon/uponpictures,andknowingthiscanhelpyoulearnsomebasic(base)developmentofChinesecharacters.(用合适的词或base的适当形式填空)Onthebasis(base)ofwhatyoushow,Ifirmlybelievethatyoucanbequalifiedfortheposition.Thenovelwasbasedonatruestoryanditattractedmanyreaders.Basedonatruestory,thenovelattractedmanyreaders.(过去分词短语作状语)Thenovelbasedonatruestoryattractedmanyreaders.(过去分词短语作定语)remindvt.提醒；使想起(remindern.引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物)remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remindsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事remindsb.that...提醒某人……Almostalltheparentsremindtheirchildrentomake(make)anefforttoimprovetheirstudylevel.Takethenoteasareminder(remind)incaseyouforgettobuysomeawardsforthekidswhileshoppingthere.老师的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句著名的谚语。Whattheteacherhadsaidremindedmeof/aboutthefamoussaying,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”aimn.目标；目的vt.&vi.瞄准；(向某方向)努力；对准；目的在于(aimlessadj.无目的的aimlesslyadv.无目的地)takeaimat瞄准……withtheaimof有……的目的aimat瞄准；目的在于aimtodo.../atdoing...旨在做……；力求达到……beaimedat目的是；旨在EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraise(raise)publicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019·北京,书面表达)IwaswalkingaimlesslyinthestreetwhenIcameacrossJohn,wholedanaimlesssortoflifewithoutanyaim.(aim)为了充分利用这些设施,政府已经采取了一系列相关的措施。Withtheaimof/Aimedatmakingthemostofthefacilities,thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofrelatedmeasures.exchangen.&vt.交换；互换；交流；兑换exchangeAforB拿A换Bexchangesth.withsb.与某人交换某物inexchange(for)作为(对……的)交换exchangestudent交换生Heexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhatwasleft.I’veofferedtocookfortheminexchangeforaweek’saccommodation.在活动中，我们将和这些交换生就我们的学习方法交换看法。(话题写作之学校生活)Intheactivity,wewillexchangeideasaboutthelearningmethodswiththeexchangestudents.attractvt.吸引，使喜爱；引起注意(attractionn.吸引，吸引力；有吸引力的事物或人attractiveadj.有吸引力的；引人注意的)attractone’sattention吸引某人的注意attract...to...把……吸引到……touristattraction旅游景点TherearemanytouristattractionsinQufu，whicharesoattractivethateveryyearmanytouristsareattractedtotheseplaces.(用合适的词或attract的适当形式填空)作为Youth的长期读者，我被其青少年专栏所吸引。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)AsaregularreaderofYouth，Iamattractedbyitscolumnsonteenagers.asaresultof由于asaresult＝asaconsequence结果resultfrom由……引起resultin导致；造成积极的思考和行动会促成成功。(2019·北京)Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.由于我的努力工作，我赚了足够的钱，给母亲买了一份礼物，实现了我的梦想。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)Asaresultofmyhardwork,Iearnedenoughmoney,boughtmymotheragiftandrealizedmydream.Inreality,theoperator’snotworkinghardenoughresultedinhisfailure.→Inreality,theoperator’sfailureresultedfromhisnotworkinghardenough.Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits,usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。介词短语或out,in,down,up,away,here,now,then,there等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。such＋be＋主语Infrontofourschoolstands(stand)atowerwhichisfamousforitslonghistory.Suchwas(be)AlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.TheGrandHotelwasbuiltin1990.AnditsitsontheseasidealongtheSouthCoastHighway.AsLao­Tzuwiselysaid,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”正如老子睿智的箴言所说的那样：“千里之行，始于足下。”as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，且位置灵活。which引导非限制性定语从句代指整个主句的内容时，不可位于句首，意为“这一点”。as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被thesame,such,so等修饰。在such...as...定语从句中，as引导限制性定语从句，且as在从句中作宾语，而在such...that...中，that引导结果状语从句，that不作任何成分。Aswasexpected,hegotagoldenopportunityandstarredinaTVseries.Hedidnotfinishtheworkaheadoftime,whichmadehisbossveryangry.常言道：“好的开始是成功的一半。”Asthesayinggoes,“Agoodbeginningishalfthebattle.”这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的那支一样。ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍CharacterA.n.性格B.n.特色，特性C.n.人物，角色D.n.符号，文字Therearemanyfamouscharactersinhistory.Whodoyouadmiremost？CIt’svitalthatasuccessfulmoviepaymuchattentiontoitsthemeandthefigures’character.AThewholecharacteroftheschoolhaschangedsincehebecamethepresident.BThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartformknownasChinesecalligraphy.DtipA.n.小费B.n.技巧；提示C.n.尖；尖端D.vt.付小费E.vt.弄翻；使倾斜Sorry,yournameisjustonthetipofmytongue.CAfterIhadmyhaircut，Igavethehairdresseratip.AHerearesometipsonhowtomakefriends.BThewindblewandtheplantsbegantoshake,tippingtheirleaves.EShetippedthewaitertwodollarsforhisexcellentservice.D快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Therewillbeariseinthedemandforhealthcareprofessionals.专业人士IraisedthealarmassoonasIsawthesmoke.警报Areyousureyou’rephysicallytoughenoughforthisjob？强壮的核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Individuals’contributioncanmakeabigdifferencetotheenvironmentalprotection.Youshouldstopfocusingon/uponwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoimprovethesituation.Doyoubelievethisisoneofthemostattractive(attract)placesI’vebeento?Hethinkstoreadtheoriginalworkisbetterthantoseethefilmbased(base)onit.Theactivityaimstoget(get)kidstoformagoodhabitoflearning.Itisamazing(amaze)thattheonce-ruinedplacehastakenonanewlook.Thepictureremindedmeof/abouttheolddaysIspentwithmybestfriendsinasummervacation.Keepingabalanced(balance)dietisofgreatimportanceforthejuniorandseniorhighschoolstudents.Theprofessionalputforwardtheproposalthatweshouldbeopentotheoutsideworldandbringinadvanced(advance)technologyfromothercompanies.I’msureyoucanhavefunhereandhavealotofexperiencestoexchangewithyourfriends.单句写作——应用文增分练 (2021·全国甲)——关于中国传统文化征求建议我校将召开一次主题班会，旨在介绍中国传统文化。(aim)OurschoolwillholdathemeclassmeetingaimedatintroducingtraditionalChineseculture.我急切地想和你就这个话题交换一下意见。(exchange)I’meagertoexchangeideaswithyouonthetopic.众所周知，中国的传统文化主要包括剪纸、书法、京剧和中国画等。(as引导非限制性定语从句)Asisknowntoall,traditionalChineseculturemainlyincludespapercutting,calligraphy,BeijingOpera,Chinesepaintingandsoon.会议的焦点是讨论中国传统文化的哪些方面会吸引外国朋友。(focus,attract)ThefocusofthemeetingisdiscussingwhichaspectsoftraditionalChineseculturewillattractforeignfriends.由于您的帮助，我相信我将为会议做好充分的准备工作。(asaresultof)IbelieveIwillmakefullpreparationsforthemeetingasaresultofyourassistance.微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写positiveadj.积极乐观的；正面的amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的confidencen.信心；信任；把握fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸亏lookforwardto盼望，期待动作描写focusvt.&vi.集中remindvt.提醒；使想起alarmvt.使惊恐，使害怕exchangevt.交换；交流；兑换环境描写pathn.道路；小路[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)——身残志坚的男孩成功跑完越野赛幸运的是，听了我的话，David又变得积极乐观起来。他站起来，向起跑线走去。看着他脸上坚定的表情，我被他的勇气和信心所感动。他专注地跑着，尽管他被远远地甩在了后面。他瘦小的身体左右摇晃着，但最后他成功地到达了终点线。所有的孩子都对他的毅力和决心感到惊讶。Fortunately,hearingmywords,Davidbecamepositiveagain.Hestoodupandadvancedtowards/onthestartingline.Lookingathisdeterminedface,Iwastouchedbyhiscourageandconfidence.Hefocusedon/uponhisrunningthoughhewasleftfarbehind.Hissmallbodyrockedfromsidetoside,buthereachedthefinishinglinesuccessfullyatlast.Allofthekidswereamazedathisperseveranceanddetermination.词形变化填空（每小题2分,共14分）Withthehelpoftheadvancedtechnology,wecancompletethetaskinadvance.(advance)Weshouldbalanceworkandlifeandhaveahealthyandbalanceddiet.(balance)Muchtomyamazement,hewasabletorecitethewholepoemfromamazingmemory.(amaze)Exposedtosuchachallengingtask,shedidn’tloseheart,butbravelyacceptedthechallenge.(challenge)Hegaveheraconfidentsmileandhisconfidencewasagreatcomforttoher.(confident)Theyounglawyerwasequaltothejob,buthedidn’tgetequalityinwages,whichlethimdown.(equal)Shesaidthemediacompaniesmusttakemoreresponsibilityandberesponsibleforthesociety.(responsible)Pleasedescribethesituationindetailbecausedetailedinformationcanhelpusmakeaccuratepredictions.(detail)Theexpertfeltalarmedatthenewsthatglobalwarmingincreasedatanalarmingrate.(alarm)MrGreencontributedalotofmoneytotheproject；thatistosay,hiscontributionwasgreat.(contribute)Mostofthevisitorsareattractedbytheattractivetown,whichisafamoustouristattraction.(attract)Fortunately,Iworkedwithsomebrilliantdirectorsandmadealargefortune.(fortune)It’stypicalofJohntoproposeplansforhisboss,andhisproposalsareoftenaccepted.(propose)Inthelecture,theprofessorsaidthathisprofessionwastocultivatemoreprofessionalsforthecountry.(profession)选词填空（每小题2分,共12分