第10课2012原卷练习和分析

需要课程、请联系 ：孙老师100；专业第1020122012年英语等级考试卫生类（B级）试abc2012年卫生类（B级）2012年卫生类（B级）2

(卫生A第三十四篇：WhoWantstoLive第四十篇：SomePeopleDoNotTasteTasteSaltLike(卫生B2第十九篇：ProlongingHuman第二十四篇：SleepLetsBrainFile(卫生c1 Eat阅阅 注意事第二部分：阅读判断(16~2217分)3TinyThehumanbodyistrulyamazing.Itallowsustosensetheworldaroundus,todoworkandhavefun,andtomovefromcetoce.Infact,thehumanbodydoesitsworksowellthatmostpeopledon'tthinkaboutitverymuchuntiltheygetsick.Thegerms(致病菌)thatmakepeoplesickareeverywhere.Youcan'tseethem,butthey'rethere.They'resittingonyourdesk.They'rehidingonyourcomputer'skeyboard.They'reevenintheairthatyouarebreathing.Therearetwotypesofgerms:esandbacteria(细菌).esaregermsthatcanonlyliveinsideanimalsornts.escauseillnessessuchasfluandmeasles(麻疹).Bacteriaarecreatures.Somebacteriaaregood.Theycanhelpyourstomachbreakdownfood.Otherbacteriaaren'tsogood.Theycan-makeyousick.Bacteriacancausesorethroats(喉痛)andearinfections.Howcanyoustopthesetinyinvadersfrommakingyousick?Yourskinisthefirstdefenseagainstgerms.Youcanpreventsomeillnessessimplybywashing,withsoapandwater.Butgermscanstillenterthebodythroughsmallcutsintheskinorthroughthemouth,eyes,andnose.Oncegermsareinsideyourbodyyourimmune(免疫的)systemtriestoprotectyou.Itlooksforanddestroysgerms.Howdoesitdothat?Specialcellspatrolbody.Someofthesecellsactuallyeatgerms!Othercellsmakeantibodies.Anantibodystickstoagerm.Thereisadifferentantibodyforeachkindofgerm.Someantibodieskeepgermsfrommakingyousick.Othershelpyourbodyfindandkillgerms.Afteragermisdestroyed,theantibodiesstayinyourbody.Theyprotectyouifthesamekindofgermcomesback.ThatwayyouwillnotgetthesameillnessYoucankeepyourbodyhealthybyeatinganutritious(有营养的)diettomakeyourimmunesystemstrong.Youcanalsohelpyourimmunesystemfightgermsbygettingvaccinated(接种).VaccinesaremedicinesTheycontaingermsthathavebeenkilledorweakened.Thedeadgermscan'tmakeyousick.Instead,theycauseyourbodytomakeantibodiesIfthesamegermevershowsupagain,thenyourantibodiesattackit.16.escanonlyliveinsidepeopleorA.RightB.WrongC.NotAllbacteriacauseA.RightB.WrongC.NotWashingyourskincanpreventsome A.Right B. C.NotGermscanenterthebodythroughtheRightB.WrongC.NotTheheartcontainsthebody'sstrongestRightB.WrongC.NotAftertheykillgerms,antibodiesstayintheRightB.WrongC.NotVaccinescanmakeyouRightB.WrongC.Not 阅读三篇文章，决定考试的成败 ！ ！6、27四.阅读题型四大原则 围着中心转——（先读有中心词的选项.一般就是答案出现多个数字，特别是数字时，须非常 绝对原则：答案中有all,every,onlyalways等绝对词一般为不正确，如被否定除外，原文中也有这些词除外)！Alloftheabove 5.对错选择NOTtrue,(2)maymight,cancould,likely，sometimes，probablysome……。(3)附近有中文注解或答案中有中文注解特别注意(4)第四部分：阅读理解(31~45345分第一 GeneticEngineering（遗传工程）20分钟完.GeneticengineeringbeganwhentheDNAmolecule(分子),themostbasicunitoflife,wasfirstdescribedin1953byJamesWatsonandFrancisCrick.AnunderstandingofDNAledtothealtering修改ofnormal cell细胞Experimentswithalteringhumancellsbeganin.Inoneofthefirstexperiments,patientswereinjectedwithathatwouldproducealife-savingenzyme,buttheirbodieswouldnotacceptit.In1980patientswithararebutfatalblooddiseasewereinjectedwithapurifiedgenethatwasclonedthroughDNAtechnology.Anotherfailure.Geneticengineeringgotalegalboost(激励)in1980.TheU.S.SupremeCourtsaidthatapatentcouldbegrantedonageneticallyengineered"oil-eating"bacterium(细菌).Thisbacteriumwouldhelpcleanupoilspills.Therulingencouragedcompaniestoinventnewlifeforms,andthreeimportantmedicalproductswerequicklydeveloped.Humaninterferon(干扰素)--apossiblesolutiontosomecancersandviraldisease.Anewlyengineeredbacteriumproducedhumaninterferonasaby-product.Thisnewproductreducedthecostofinterferon.Humangrowthhormone(激素)--forchildrenwhosebodiesdonotgrowtonormalheight.Anexpensivegrowthhormone()waspreviouslyproducedfromhumancadavers,butbychangingthegeneticmake-upofthesingle-cellbacteriumE.coli,andaffordablegrowthhormonecouldbeproduced.Humaninsulin(胰岛素)--forthetreatmentofdiabetes（）.Peoplediabetesusedtorelyonabeef-orpork-basedproductuntil1982.Nowinsulincanbemanufacturedbygeneticallyalteredbacteria.Advancesingeneticengineeringhave ,thoughtheyconstantlymustbeweightedagainstthesafetyofprocedures.ThereisclearlymuchmoretoThispassageismainlythehumangrowththeeffectsofaltering U.S.SupremeCourtGeneticengineeringmaybedefinedthealteringofnormalcellabranchofappliedaprocedurethatholdslittleastudyonlife-savingAccordingtothepassage,humanisahormonethatcausescouldbeusedtotreatisaviralhasbeenInthispassage,thethreegeneticallyengineeredmedicalproductsareasafromearliesttoinasimpleasaInthelastparagraph,theword hastheclosestmeaninghadgreatbecameameasured considered第一 GeneticEngineering（遗传工程）9分---12.GeneticengineeringbeganwhentheDNAmolecule(分子),themostbasicunitoflife,wasfirstdescribedin1953byJamesWatsonandFrancisCrick.AnunderstandingofDNAledtothealtering修改ofnormal cell细胞Experimentswithalteringhumancellsbeganin.Inoneofthefirstexperiments,patientswereinjectedwithathatwouldproducealife-savingenzyme,buttheirbodieswouldnotacceptit.In1980patientswithararebutfatalblooddiseasewereinjectedwithapurifiedgenethatwasclonedthroughDNAtechnology.Anotherfailure.Geneticengineeringgotalegalboost(激励)in1980.TheU.S.SupremeCourtsaidthatapatentcouldbegrantedonageneticallyengineered"oil-eating"bacterium(细菌).Thisbacteriumwouldhelpcleanupoilspills.Therulingencouragedcompaniestoinventnewlifeforms,andthreeimportantproductswerequicklyHumaninterferon(干扰素apossiblesolutiontosomecancersandviraldiseaseAnewlyengineeredbacteriumproducedhumaninterferonasaby-product.Thisnewproductreducedthecostofinterferon.Humangrowthhormone(激素)forchildrenwhosebodiesdonotgrowtonormalheight.Anexpensivegrowthhormone()waspreviouslyproducedfromhumancadavers,butbychangingthegeneticmake-upofthesingle-cellbacteriumE.coli,andaffordablegrowthhormonecouldbeproduced.withdiabetesusedtorelyonabeef-orpork-basedproductuntil1982.Nowinsulincanbemanufacturedbygeneticallyalteredbacteria.Advancesingeneticengineeringhave,thoughtheyconstantlymustbeweightedagainstthesafetyofprocedures.ThereisclearlymuchmoretoThispassageismainly 3thehumangrowththeeffects效果ofaltering修改cells细胞insulinU.S.SupremeCourt围着中心转——（先读有中心词的选项.一般就是答案Geneticengineeringmaybedefined定义(definitionthealteringofnormalcellreproduction3abranchofappliedaprocedurethatholdslittleastudyonlife-saving围着中心转——（先读有中心词的选项.一般就是答案Accordingtothepassage,human 3isahormonethatcausescouldbeusedtotreatisaviralhasbeen4.注意： 绝对原则：答案中有all,every,onlyalways等绝对词一般为 5.对错选择NOTtrue,(2)maymight,cancould,likely，sometimes，probablysome……。 threegeneticallyengineeredmedicalproductsarepresented介绍asaprocess进程fromearliesttoinasimplelist排列asaInthelastparagraph,theword"weighed"权衡;考虑hastheclosestmeaningwith 3分hadgreatinfluencebecameaburden重负measuredaccuraconsideredcarefully仔细考虑的第二 NewAttemptstoEradicate（根除）AIDS20分钟完Anattempttoeradicatetheinafewpatientscontinuesshowpromise有…希望Butresearcherswon’tknowforayearormorewhetheritwillwork,scientistDavidHotoldjournalistshereWednesdayfortheConferenceinesand“Thisisastudythat’sinprogress,”saysHo,headoftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenter,NewYork.Thestudyinvolves20peoplewhostartedcombinationsofanti-HIVdrugsveryearlyinthecourseofthedisease,within90daysoftheirinfections.They’vebeentreatedforupto18months.Fourothershavedroppedoutbecauseofsideeffectsorproblemscomplyingwith(符合)theexactingdrugsystem.ThedrugshaveknockedtheAIDSdowntoundetectablelevelsinthebloodofallremainingpatientsAnd,inthelatestdevelopment,scientistshavenowtestedlymphnodes（淋）andsemen（）fromafewpatientsandfoundnoreproducingthere,Hosays.“Bearinmindthatundetectabledoesnotequalabsent,”Hosays.Hohascalculatedthatthedrugsshouldbeabletowipeoutremaininges–atleastfromknownreservoirsthroughoutthebody–intwotothreeyears.Buttheonlywaytoproveeradicationwouldbetostopthedrugsandseeifthecomes2.5yearsofAndheemphasizedthatheisnoturgingwidespreadadoptionofsuchearly,aggressivetreatmentoutsideoftrials.Nooneknowsthelong-termrisks.ButotherscientistsarelookingatsimilarexperimentsAfederallyfundedstudywillput300patientsontriple-drugtreatments（三种药物混合治疗）andthenseeifsomerespondingwellaftersixmonthscancontinuetosuppress（抑制）theonjustoneortwodrugs,saysresearcherDouglasRianoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Somepatientsinthatstudyalsomaybeofferedthechancetostoptherapyafter18monthsormore,hesays.Accordingtothepassage，theattempttoeradicatetheAIDShasn’tbeenmadecontinuestoshowisappreciatedbyCaliforniawillbesuccessfulintwoandahalfWhichisNOTtrueaboutHo’s20patientswereinvolvedintheThepatientshaveusedseveralanti-HIVThepatientshavebeentreatedforupto16patientswithdrewfromtheBysaying“Bearinmindundetectabledoesnotequalabsent”,Homeans mayexistinthebloodwithoutbeing isundetectableinthe canbedetectedinthe foundinthebloodmeansnoHowcanweprovethatthedrugshavewipedouttheremainingByusingupallthedrugsatBywaitingforthetodie yzingthetreatmentrecordBy thedrugstoseeifthecomesOtherscientists’experimentsaresimilartothesizeofthethecostofthethetimetheexperimentthewaysthepatientsare第二 NewAttemptstoEradicate（根除）AIDS9Anattempttoeradicatetheinafewpatientscontinuesshowpromise有…希望Butresearcherswon’tknowforayearormorewhetheritwillwork,scientistDavidHotoldjournalistshereWednesdayfortheConferenceinesand“Thisisastudythat’sinprogress,”saysHo,headoftheAaronDiamondResearchCenter,NewThestudyinvolves20peoplewhostartedcombinationsofanti-HIVdrugsveryearlyinthecourseofthedisease,within90daysoftheirThey’vebeentreatedforupto18months.Fourothershavedroppedoutbecauseofsideeffectsorproblemscomplyingwith(符合)theexactingdrugsystem.ThedrugshaveknockedtheAIDSdowntoundetectablelevelsinthebloodofallremainingpatientsAnd,inthelatestdevelopment,scientistshavenowtestedlymphnodes（淋）andsemen（）fromafewpatientsandfoundnoreproducingthere,Hosays.“Bearinmindthatundetectabledoesnotequalabsent,”Hosays.Hohascalculatedthatthedrugsshouldbeabletowipeoutremaininges–atleastfromknownreservoirsthroughoutthebody–intwotothreeyears.Buttheonlywaytoproveeradicationwouldbetostopthedrugsandseeifthecomesback.OnWednesday,Hosaidhewouldn’taskanypatienttoconsiderthatstepbefore2.5yearsoftreatment.Andheemphasizedthatheisnoturgingwidespreadadoptionofsuchearly,aggressivetreatmentoutsideoftrials.Nooneknowsthelong-termrisks.Butotherscientistsarelookingatsimilarexperiments.Afederallyfundedstudywillput300patientsontriple-drugtreatments（三种药物混合治疗）andthenseeifsomerespondingwellaftersixmonthscancontinuesuppress（抑制）theonjustoneortwodrugs,saysresearcherDouglasRianoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Somepatientsinthatstudyalsomaybeofferedthechancetostoptherapyafter18monthsormore,hesays.hasn’tbeenmade 3continuestoshowisappreciatedbyCaliforniawillbesuccessfulintwoandahalfWhichisNOTtrueaboutHo’sstudy320patientswereinvolvedintheThepatientshaveusedseveralanti-HIVThepatientshavebeentreatedforupto16patientswithdrewfromtheA. mayexistinthebloodA. mayexistinthebloodwithoutbeingdetected.equal等于absent没有”,Homeans3B.C.NoD.isundetectableinthecanbedetectedintheblood.foundinthebloodmeansnoAIDS.Howcanweprovethatthedrugshavewipedoutthe3分ByusingupallthedrugsatBywaitingforthetodie yzingthetreatmentrecordBy thedrugstoseeifthe comesback.Otherscientists’experimentsaresimilartothesize规模ofthethecost成本ofthethetimetheexperimentthewaysthepatientsare第三篇 GrossNationalHappiness15分钟完 15Inthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleincountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist()culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutanto modern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNationalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreasespeoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’sifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalGNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinacultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Twenty-fivepercentofthelandhas enationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalso eademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,BhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldevisionandBhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.WhowasJigmeSingyeAABuddhistAAApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforTomakeitspopulationTokeepitseparatefromtheToencourageitspeopletogetTokeepitstraditionandAcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPspendingmorespendinglesssellingmoreprovidingmoreAccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifhavenewhaveagood,stablecanchangetheirhavemoreToday,manycountriestryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasureusingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirworkingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasuretakingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocial需要课程、请联系 ：孙老师100；阅阅 注意事2

(卫生A第三十四篇：WhoWantstoLive第四十篇：SomePeopleDoNotTasteTasteSaltLike(卫生B2第十九篇：ProlongingHuman第二十四篇：SleepLetsBrainFile(卫生c1 Eat耗时65得分3+9+9+15=36+15=完形填空 A MigrantWorkers(A级)第十二篇：Dreams（A级）\ Profile（A级第十五篇：LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears（A级完形填空：B Once-dailypillcouldsimplifyHIV1Treatment(B级) Exercise(B级) OldAndActive(B级 ManyWomenWhoBeatCancerDon’tChangeHabits(B级)第十篇：HospitalMistreatment(B级)完形填空：C第一篇：BetterControlofTBSeenIfaFasterCureisFound(C级) Goingon