20120609新托福阅读考题回顾

2012.06.09新托福阅读考题回顾考试日期2012.06.09Passage1Title:罐头的发展和铁路的发展大致内容有罐头技术的普及。刚开始的时候罐头刚发明，很多人不买账，因为价格太贵了而且不好打开，要用工具打开（有题），后来价格降低了，大家就接受了。后来说到railway,交通运输的发展，当铁路通到某处（Chicago等）的时候，它们代替了原来的一些东西。

英文原文阅读：

【老托福96-01】类似保鲜技术的发展

Asidefromperpetuatingitself,the

sole

purposeoftheAmericanAcademyandInstituteofArtsandLettersisto"foster,assistandsustainaninterest"inliterature,music,andart.Thisitdoesbyenthusiasticallyhandingoutmoney.Annualcashawardsaregiventodeservingartistsinvariouscategoriesofcreativity:architecture,musicalcomposition,theater,novels,seriouspoetry,lightverse,painting,sculpture.Oneaward

subsidizes

apromisingAmericanwriter'svisittoRome.Thereisevenanawardforaverygoodworkoffictionthatfailedcommercially—oncewonbytheyoungJohnUpdikefor

ThePoorhouseFair

and,morerecently,byAliceWalkerfor

InLoveandTrouble

Theawardsandprizestotalabout$750,000ayear,butmostofthemrangeinsizefrom$5,000to$12,500,awelcomesumtomanyyoungpractitionerswhoseworkmaynotbringinthatmuchmoneyinayear.Oneoftheadvantagesoftheawardsisthat

many

gotothestrugglingartists,ratherthantothosewhoarealreadysuccessful.

MembersoftheAcademyandInstitutearenoteligibleforanycashprizes.Another

advantageisthat,unliketheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsorsimilarinstitutionsthroughouttheworld,thereisnogovernmentmoneyinvolved.

Awardsaremadebycommittee.Eachofthethreedepartments—Literature(120members),Art(83),Music(47)—hasacommitteedealingwithitsownfield.Committeemembership

rotates

everyyear,sothatnewvoicesandopinionsareconstantlyheard.

ThemostfinanciallyrewardingofalltheAcademy-InstituteawardsaretheMildredandHaroldStraussLivings.HaroldStrauss,adevotededitoratAlfredA.Knopf,theNewYorkpublishinghouse,andMildredStrauss,hiswife,werewealthyandchildless.TheylefttheAcademy-Instituteauniquebequest:forfiveconsecutiveyears,twodistinguished(andfinanciallyneedy)writerswouldreceiveenoughmoneyso

they

coulddevotethemselvesentirelyto"proseliterature"(noplays,nopoetry,andnopayingjobthatmightdistract).In1983,thefirstStraussLivingsof$35,000ayearwenttoshort-storywriterRaymondCarverandnovelist-essayistCynthiaOzick.By1988,thefundhadgrownenoughsothattwowinners,novelistsDianeJohnsonandRobertStone,eachgot$50,000ayearforfiveyears.

【98-10】美国铁路发展类似文章

RailroadsreshapedtheNorthAmericanenvironmentandreorientedNorthAmericanbehavior."Inaquarterofacentury",claimedtheOmahaDailyRepublicanin1883,"theyhavemadethepeopleoftheUnitedStateshomogeneous,breakingthroughthepeculiaritiesandprovincialismswhichmarkedseparateandunminglingsections."

Therailroadsimultaneouslystrippedthelandscapeofthenaturalresources,madevelocityoftransportandeconomyofscalenecessarypartsofindustrialproduction,andcarriedconsumergoodstohouseholds;it

dispatchedimmigrantstounsettledplaces,

drew

emigrantsawayfromfarmsandvillagestocities,andsentmenandgunstobattle.Itstandardizedtimeandtravel,seekingto

annihilate

distanceandspacebyallowingmovementatanytimeandinanyseasonortypeofweather.Initsgrandandimpressiveterminalsandstations,architectsrecreatedhistoricRomantemplesandpublicbaths,FrenchchateausandItalianbelltowers-edificesthatpeopleusedasstagesformanyofeverydaylife'shighemotions:meetingandparting,waitingandworrying,planningnewstartsorcominghome.

Passengerterminals,liketheluxuryexpresstrainsthathurledpeopleoverspots,spotlighttheromanceofrailroading.(Thetwentieth-CenturyLimitedspedbetweenChicagoandNewYorkintwentyhoursby1915).Equallyimportanttoeverydaylifeweretheslowfreighttranschuggingthroughindustrialzones,themorningandeveningcommuterlocalsshuttlingbackionsandurbanterminals,andtheincessantcomingsandgoingsthatoccurredintheclassifications,orswitching,yards.Moreover,inadditiontoitsbeingatransportationpathwayequippedwithamammothphysicalplantoftrackssignals,crossings,bridges,andjunctions,plustelegraphandtelephonelinestherailroadnurturedfactorycomplexes,coatpiles,warehouses,andgeneratingstations,formingalongitsright-of-waywhathas

aptly

beencalled"themetropolitancorridor"oftheAme