2018年考研英语二真题及答案

SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11or,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity."Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.1.A.B.C.D.2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.ratherB.suchC.regardlessD.owing10.A. B. C. D.11.A. B. C. D.12.A.begin B.rest C.learn D.lead13.A. B. C. D. D.self-15.A. B. C.re D.16.A. B. C. D.17.A. B. C. D.18.A. B. D.19.A. B. C. D.20.A1.

B. C. D.2.做...[B]等待做...[C]寻求，力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意“人们要满足他们的好奇3.,4.解析：固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语sbtosth意为“让承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。5.结合四个选项，[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正6.7. 8.who引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句9.10.111213.解析：跟前文的drives7.解析：whether SectionⅡReadingReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendidit eacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype,thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequaytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducation esone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lack mechanicalacademicpracticalpioneeringThereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkids arefinanciallyarenotacademicallyhaveastereotypedhavenocareerWecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschool areentitledtomore“educationalarereluctanttoworkinmanufacturingC.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesD.usedtohavebigfinancialTheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesfor helpscreatealotofmiddle-skillmaynarrowthegapinworking-classisexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedindicatestheovervaluingofhigherTheauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribed Cpractical这是一道细节题，根据题干可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出第十三统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，MrKoziatek是NewHampshire高中的一名老师，在这所校学不是本的识或是了试也是为机化，是了际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是Cpracticalability.Barenotacademically不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是Barenotacademicallysuccessful。其Cusedtohavemorejob这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和highschoolgraduates回到原文定位致第五段第三Dindicatetheovervaluingofhigher这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“theheadlongpushButthatisnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.合用感彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’sschoolwake-upcall。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld'senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.SomegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbyernmentsandfarsightedBusinesstofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoriesabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.Trumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource,ButthatmessagedidnotywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricitygeneration-andwheretechgiantslike arebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'tbloworthesundoesn'tshine?"hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorage-capacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoarecingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesareing.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintimetohaveameaningful WhatWashingtondoes-ordoesn'tdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeofaglobalshiftinTheword"plummeting"(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningAccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinisprogressingisasextensiveasinfacesmanyhasprovedtobeItcanbelearnedthatin.windisawidelyusedenergywindenergyhasrecedfossiltechgiantsareinvestingincleanthereisashortageofcleanenergyWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphsItsapplicationhasboostedbatteryItiscommonlyusedincarItscontinuoussupply ingaItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewable willbringtheUSclosertootherisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSisnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitsC这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择Cfalling。Aisprogressing地进步。所以答案是A。Awindisawidelyusedenergy爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。Citscontinuoussupplyisinga选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除；BD答案CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUS点看最后一句，最后一句提到做或不做什么都maymeanlessandless...所以可以看不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C，不是真正支持可再生能源的Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagopaidevenmorethanthattoacquirethemessagingservice,whichdoesn’thaveanyphysicalproductatall.Whatofferedwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’misedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupofthegroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsofowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedCompetitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketce,toberecedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andand,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey’resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.JustassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproduceAccordingto acquiredfor digitaluserphysical32.Linkingphonenumbers messupcustomerposearisktomisleadtheEuropeanshouldservethenewmarketmayworsentheeconomicshouldnotprovidejustonelegalcannotkeeppacewiththechangingCompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardly userstheyarenodefinedastheyarenotfinanciallytheseservicesaregenerallytheservicesarepaidforbyTheantsogyisusedtoawin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalatypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalthebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheir［B］user解析：细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前花了的友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B项为正确答案。答案［C］posearisk 解析：细节题。根据题干linkingthephonenumber定位第二段第一句。该句提到向欧洲承诺不会把用户的号与的认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知［D］cannotkeeppacewiththechanging解析：细节题。根据题干competitionlaw定位到第三段第一句。该句“竞争法场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。答案［D］theservicesarepaidforby解析：根据题目中的because可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，bethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem…，与选项对应，可得出［D］theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers。答案［D］therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheir题定位到最后一段的第一句，Theproduct…isdata，andwe…convertourlivestodata…。此andtheirusers.Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld, mendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;develoadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalso mends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting,”hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiesyourday-particularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtonactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailynswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailynsdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heSriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemore“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain.”saysPillay.ThekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisseizeeveryminutetolistyouimmediatemakespecificdailyKeeptoyourfocusThestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsstudentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlydetailednsmaynotbeasfruitfulasdistractionsmayactuallyincreasedailyschedulesarcindispensabletoAccordingtoNewport,idleness adesirablementalstateforbusyamajorcontributortophysicalaneffectivewaytosavetimeand0.anessentialfactor plishinganyPillaybelievesthatourbrain’sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandcanbringaboutgreatercanresultinpsychologicalwell-isdrivenbytaskisaimedatbetterbalanceinThistextismainlyapproachestogettingmoredoneinlessWaystorelievethetensionofbusyThekeytoeliminatingThecauseofthelackoffocus答案［D］keeptoyourfocus解析：细节题。根据题干的masteringtheartofdeepwork定位到第二段首句。该句“有关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知，D项为正确答案。答案［B］detailednsmaynotbeasfruitfulas1980s以及Harford定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句另一种短时间做事情的方法是怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选B项。答案［D］anessentialfactor plishinganyNewportidleness可定位到倒数第三段，idlenessisnotitisas…as…，isnecessarytogettinganyworkdone。再对应选项，可直接选出［D］anessentialfactorplishinganywork答案［A］canbringaboutgreater解析：根据题目中的Pillaybelieves可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息，可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句，明确theytendtobemoreefficient。然后对应选项得出［A］canbringaboutgreaterefficiency。答案［A］approachestogettingmoredoneinless旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现，第一段CalNewport的观点focuswithoutdistraction话题，第二段就提到了approachestomasteringthdartofdeepwork，此刻anotherapproach。所以本题选［A］approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime。PartReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.BeJustsayAskforanFindthe＂meName,ces,skipthesmallPayauniqueFivewaystomakeconversationwithConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanew alinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefitmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousayswanttotalkwiththis”-thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething-thefirstword-butitjustwon’tcomeout,itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.lknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:justgetitout.Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon’ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingyounow!Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingwilljustflow.Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple"hi","hey"or"o"-dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsandsay"hi".It’saproblemallofusface;youhavelimitedtimewiththe thatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof“hi”,“o”,”howareyou?”and“what’sgoingon?”,youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable.Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorealquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.Whenyoumeeta forthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouand haveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you’llfindallofasuddenthatthe esaloteasier.Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheYouallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmetthe ,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn’tthatawkward!So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapsthecestheyhavebeento.thecestheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingstheyhate-whateveryoutalkabout.Whenyouremembersuchthingsyoucanautomatically einvestorintheirwellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.That’sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everyisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!说。所以选B：Justsayit去说42F。该小标题下第一段第一句话就说了你时间有限“youhavelimitedtime”，然后说到如果陷到寒暄当中“hi，o，howareyou，whatisgoingon”会让没法令人印象深talk跳过寒暄point”来开展“buildtheconversation”，所以选D：findthe“metoo”s找到共同点A。第一段先举例，说你跟人讲心事时，别人分心干别的。然后下一段“So”表明结地点“ces”和好恶的事情“things”等细节，所以选E：Name，ces，things

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Afifthgradergetsaassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough,hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads—everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionaythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreading”atthedinnertable.ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet—notevenafteringoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleonthenet.Nowadays,hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsciencefictionandreferencebooks:recently,herevealedthathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausetheyexinhowtheworldworks.“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesknowledgetoexplore”,GatesSectionIVSupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelnandwillnotbeabletovisitProfessorSmith.WritehimantoApologizeandexinthesituation,SuggestafutureYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERDonotsignyouownnameatt