2021届高考英语人与社会类阅读精讲(四)

2021届高考英语人与社会类阅读精讲（四）万圣节的由来和影响There'snothingparticularlydifferenceaboutthewayCanadianscelebrateHalloween,yetperhapsatleastinmyneighborhood,itseemstobemoreabouttogethernessthananygreatpassiontowearawitch'shatorstringsomenetsaroundthebush.FolkloriststraceHalloweenbacktotheCelticfestivalofSamhain.NicholasRogers,inhisbookHalloween:FromPaganRitualtoPartyNight,saysthefeastmarkedthemidpointbetweentheautumnequinox（秋分）andthefallofwinter,atimeofstock-takingandpreparations.HalloweencametoNorthAmericawithIrishandScottishmigrationinthe19thcenturyandunderwentmanyrepeats.“Halloween'sabilitytoprovideapublicspaceforsocialdevelopmenthelditingoodpositionatatimewhenotherpotentiallywildholidayswerebecomingmoreinstitutionalizedanddomesticated（驯服的），"arguesMr.Rogers.Itchangedfromafamilyaffairtoapartyunitedbyadults.Inpopularculture,HalloweenisviewedasanAmericansecularholiday.AccordingtodigitalcouponcompanyRetailMeNot,73%ofAmericansplantocelebrateitthisyear,andifsaphenomenoninCanadatoo."It'sbecomebiggerandmorecelebratedthaniteverhas，'‘saysChrisAinsworth,whofoundedtheCanadianHauntersAssociation,agroupofhardcoreHalloweenenthusiastswhoturntheirhomesintodetailedhauntedhouseseachyear.In2018,theRetailCouncilofCanadamadenewssayingCanadianswerenowoutspendingAmericansonHalloween,tothetotalof$1billionannually.Theestimatehasremainedstable,saysDianeBrisebois,thecouncilpresident.That’snotbecauseenthusiasmhasdeclinedbutbecausepriceshavebeendrivendown.Somehereareunsatisfiedwiththecommercialinthefestivities.Butinsomewaystheholidayhasalsoreturnedtoitsrootsasacommunity-centeredactivity.Andperhapsthat’swhyeveryonegetssoexcitedaboutHalloweeninToronto,ametropolisthatisknownasa“cityofvillages”.1.WhatdotheCanadiansseemtolikeaboutHalloween?Itenrichespeople'slife.Itmakespeopleexcited.Itprovidespeopleget-together.ItmarksthefalloftheAutumn.2.WhydoestheHalloweenkeepasteadypositionaccordingtoParagraph2?Itgoesthroughreformation.Itcangiveaspaceforsocialdevelopment.Itprovidespeoplewithdifferentideasaboutholidays.Itcanchangeotherholidaysintomorereasonableones.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat .theHalloweenalwaysmakepeopleexcitedpeopleinTorontoliketocelebrateHalloweentheHalloweenisgraduallyreturningitstraditionpeoplearen'tcontentwithcommercialactivitiesinHalloween4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ahealthreport.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Aculturemagazine.文章语言点学习重点词汇和短语词汇和短语释义讲解tracebackto追溯到……【相关短语】datebackto...追溯到 datefrom...始于feastn.盛会；宴会feast作动词,表示“参加宴会;赴宴”【常见表达】aweddingfeast婚宴afeastfortheears视觉盛宴markV.纪念;庆贺标志;意味着mark作名词,表示“记号,符号,标志”【常用搭配】marksth.withsth.用 给 做标记marksb.downas将某人看作;认定某人为stock-taking库存盘点migration迁移，移居［衍生词］migraten.迁移，移居migrantn.移居者immigratev.（从夕卜地）移居immigrantn.（外来）移民者undergo经历,经验；遭受potentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地【衍生词】potentialadj.潜在的，有可能的potentialn.潜力，潜能potentialcustomers潜在的客户institutionalizedadj.约定俗成的;成惯例的viewas把……看作……；认为……是……【相关短语】inviewofsth.鉴于；考虑到；由于abird's-eyeview（ofsth.）鸟瞰;俯视comeintoview进入视野secular世俗的;现世的;非宗教的phenomenonn.现象，事件复数形式为phenomenaenthusiastn.热情者，热心者enthusiasmn.热情enthusiasticadj.热心的;热情的beenthusiasticaboutsb./sth.对 热情anenthusiasticwelcome热烈欢迎haunted（被认为）闹鬼的，有鬼魂出没的hauntv.时常萦绕心头，使困窘outspend花费超过 范围out-前缀，构成动词，表示“超越，超过”outnumber在数量上压倒outgrow长得比 快outlive活得比 长stableadj.稳定的；沉稳的【常见表达】astablerelationship稳定的关系stableprices稳定的价格decline（太阳）落下；（在品格、价值上）降低；衰落，谢绝decline作名词，表示“下降;减少;衰退;衰落”indecline/onthedecline下降语法和长难句1.NicholasRogers,inhisbookHalloween:FromPaganRitualIoPartyNight,saysthefeastmarked主语状语谓语宾语从句主语谓语themidpointbetweentheautumnequinox（秋分）andthefallofwinter,atimeofstock-takingandpreparations.宾语 定语 同位语（第一段第三句）【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。says后接宾语从句。【译文］NicholasRogers,在他的Halloween:FromPaganRitualtoPartyNight书中说道,这场盛宴意味着秋分过半,储备的日子——冬天,即将来临。2.“Halloween'sabilitytoprovideapublicspaceforsocialdevelopmenthelditingoodposition主语 定语 谓语宾语宾补atatimewhenotherpotentiallywildholidayswerebecomingmoreinstitutionalized时间状语定语从句引导词 主语 系动词 表语anddomesticated（驯服的），”arguesMr.Rogers.（第二段第二句）【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time。【译文】Rogers先生争论道:“在其他潜力十足的节日变得更习俗化和本土化情况下，万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间的能力使它一直处于有利地位。”Andperhapsthat'swhyeveryonegetssoexcitedaboutHalloweeninToronto,ametropolis主系表语从句同位语that isknownasa“cityofvillages”.（最后一段最后一句）定语从句引导词系动词表语【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。why引导表语从句;that引导定语从句。【译文】也许这就是每个人都对多伦多的万圣节如此感兴趣的原因,多伦多...个被称为“乡村之城”的大都市词汇巩固练习一、根据英文提示，填写单词正确形式［训练词汇正确运用及词性转换能力］China's70thbirthday (mark)withagrandceremonyattheTiananmenSquare.Swallowsbegintheir (migrate)southinautumn.Clearlythisisa (potential)dangeroussituation.Thelawshould (view)asawayofmeetingcertainsocialgoals.BobDoleseemedlessthan (enthusiasm)abouttheproposedmove.二、根据汉语提示，完成句子［训练词汇、短语在语境中的写作应用］6.It'ssaidthatthesetomatoes (追溯到)thesouthernUkraineduringtheearly19thcentury.7.Thisnewseriespromisesa (盛宴)ofspecialeffectsandsetdesigns.Thememoryofthatdaystill (萦绕着)me.Theinjuredmanwasina (稳定的)condition.Anincreaseincarshasresultedinthe (下降)ofpublictransport.答案速查：1-4CBCD词汇巩固练习wasmarkedmigrationpotentiallybeviewedenthusiastictraced/datebacktofeasthauntsstabledecline【背景知识】万圣节前夜源自古代凯尔特民族（Celtic）的新年节庆，又名万圣夜。其英语名称中的“Hallow”源于中古英语的“halween”，与“holy”词源很接近，意思是在纪念所有圣人（AllHallows）的那一天要举行的弥撒（Mass）。欧洲传统上认为万圣节前夜是灵异世界最接近人间的时间。现在，万圣夜已经变成一年中最流行和最受欢迎的节日之一，许多人都以极大的热情来庆祝这一节日。万圣夜在11月1日的前一夜，其实是赞美秋天的节目。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了万圣节的由来、影响以及加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。【语篇结构】结构划分具体信息第一段万圣节的历史。第二段万圣节的影响。第三段一第四段加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。【试题解析】题目答案详解1C细节理解题。［定位句］...yetperhapsatleastinmyneighborhood,itseemstobemoreabouttogethernessthananygreatpassiontowearawitch'shatorstringsomenetsaroundthebush.（第一段第一句）［翻译大意］……然而，至少在我的社区里，万圣节更是一种聚会,而不是热衷于戴女巫帽子或在灌木丛里扎一些网。［解析］根据定位句可知，加拿大人更喜欢在万圣节与家人或者朋友聚会。A选项意为“它丰富了人们