2023年考研考博-考博英语-大连工业大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-大连工业大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation2.单选题Wealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid（

）totheworld’spoor.问题1选项A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications3.单选题Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（

）whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped4.翻译题TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(percapitaGDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemicandinstitutional)障碍。中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力。5.单选题Asalawyer（

）forhisgoodjudgmentandeloquence,heisofteninvitedtothosegrandbanquetsandmeetsthosedistinguishedpeoplefromallcircles.问题1选项A.notoriousB.notableC.nastyD.notified6.单选题Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apesandmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallstoneasahammer.Stonessuitableoruseasanvilsarenoteasytofind,andoftenachimpanzeemaycarryhaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstem.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby（

）.问题1选项A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.问题2选项A.usetoolstogatherfoodB.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishataskC.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanotherD.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals问题3选项A.Itusesitsbreakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.问题4选项A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclawsB.usingstonesasweaponsC.defendingthemselveswithseaanemonesD.hidingunderseaplants7.单选题Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationforthegreaterjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedState.问题1选项A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.security8.单选题Despitewarningsfromhisparentsandteacher,Stevensonis（

）tocomputergames.问题1选项A.activatedB.adheredC.addictedD.appealed9.单选题Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed10.单选题Ifyou（

）someone,youfeelgreatadmirationandloveforthem.问题1选项A.advocateB.adjoinC.adoreD.addict11.单选题Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.问题1选项A.terminalB.durableC.persistentD.bearable12.单选题Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt13.单选题Theschoolhasbeen（

）asthemeetingplacefortheeveningartclub.问题1选项A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed14.单选题Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（

）nationalandculturalbarriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress15.单选题Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto（

）hathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.问题1选项A.assumeB.consumeC.presumeD.resume16.单选题Itmakesme（

）whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.问题1选项A.furiousB.generousC.mysteriousD.suspicious17.单选题Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.问题1选项A.concealB.consentC.abideD.comply18.单选题The（

）ofelectricalenergyintothermalenergyisaprocessthatiseasilycarriedoutat100%efficiency.问题1选项A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.version19.翻译题

Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations--trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering--havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn’ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLuddites(反对技术进步者）whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigorsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.20.单选题It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（

）theweightofalorry.问题1选项A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintain21.单选题Thedoctortoldthestudentsthata(n)（

）diseasewasonethatcouldbepassedfromonepersontoanother.问题1选项A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent22.单选题Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable23.单选题Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust（

）.3.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof

（

）.4.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof（

）.问题1选项A.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywantB.makingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschoolC.relievingtheteacherfromroutinedutiesD.meetingtheneedsofeachstudent问题2选项A.notdependonteachersB.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteachingC.placearenewedemphasisonscienceD.notorganizetheirinstruction问题3选项A.unknownfactorsB.ageneralhostilitytowardeducationC.itsmisuseD.itsnewnessintheschools问题4选项A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformationB.providemanywaysofteachingthesamethingC.makelearningeasyandfunD.providestudentswithenrollmentexam24.单选题Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（

）aseriesofpolicies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed25.单选题（

）isforbiddeninsomestatesintheUnitedStatesforreligiousreasons,whileitispermittedinsomeotherstates.问题1选项A.ConceptionB.AbortionC.DeliveryD.Perception第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项annoyance“烦恼”；B选项offence“冒犯”；C选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；D选项irritation“恼怒，生气”。句意：记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到非常恼火。选项D更符合语境。2.【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。3.【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项discharged“排出，卸货”；B选项discarded“丢弃，废弃”；C选项disposed“处理，配置”；D选项dumped“倾销，抛售”。句意：当一种产品以低于正常价值的价格引进另一个国家时，就被视为倾销。选项D更符合语境。4.【答案】Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinitsdevelopment.ButwearefullyawarethatChinaisstillthelargestdevelopingcountry.ItspercapitaGDPisnothighintheworldranking,anditslevelofscienceandtechnologylagsfarbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.Theeconomyisimprovinginqualityandefficiency,buttherearestillsystemicandinstitutionalobstaclestodevelopment.Toachievegreaterandbetterdevelopmentandjointheranksofmedium-developedcountriesbythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thekeyforChinaistostayonthepathofreformandinnovation,furtheremancipatethemind,fullyunleashthecreativepotentialofthepeople,invigoratethewholesociety,andcreateasteadystreamofdrivingforcefordevelopment.5.【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B选项notable“显著的，著名的”；C选项nasty“极差的，恶意的”；D选项notified“通知”。句意：作为一个以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，会见来自各界的杰出人士。选项B符合句意。6.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是……”。文章第一段提到动物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击。由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为……”。文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知选项B“使用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。文章第三段最后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意。4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），选项C符合题意。7.【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项sensitivity“敏感性”；B选项creativity“创造性”；C选项stability“稳定性”；D选项security“安全性”。句意：日本工作的稳定性和美国工作的流动性形成对比，对此有几种可能的解释。根据下文的关键词“mobility”可知，选项C正确。8.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项activateto“激活”；B选项adhereto“坚持，依附”；C选项addictto“沉迷于”；D选项appealto“呼吁，吸引”。句意：尽管父母和老师已经警告过他，但史蒂文森仍然沉迷于电脑游戏。选项C符合语境。9.【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。10.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项advocate“拥护”；B选项adjoin“毗邻，连接”；C选项adore“崇拜，爱慕”；D选项addict“沉迷”。句意：如果你崇拜一个人，你会钦佩和爱戴他。根据下文的“admirationandlove”可知选项C最为恰当。11.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。12.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”。句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。13.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项design“设计，构思”；B选项designate“指定，指派”；C选项divert“转移”；D选项diagnose“诊断”。句意：这所学校被指定为晚间艺术俱乐部的会址。选项B符合句意。14.【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项transcend“胜过，超越”；B选项traverse“穿过；C选项abolish“废除，取消”；D选项suppress“抑制”。句意：优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合句意。15.【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。16.【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项furious“生气的，狂怒的”；B选项generous“慷慨的”；C选项mysterious“神秘的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的”。句意：别人不听，然后问些愚蠢的问题，这让我很生气。选项A符合句意。17.【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”。句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚。complywith意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确。18.【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项conversion“转化，变换”；B选项convention“约定，习俗”；C选项conversation“交谈，会话”；D选项version“版本”。句意：把电能转换成热能是一个很容易以100%的效率进行的过程。选项A符合句意。19.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业---卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程---已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的。这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。20.【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retain“保持”；B选项sustain“维持