2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes;thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouse.Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（）.3.Causesoffashionsare（）.4.Presentdaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?问题1选项A.satisfiedwiththeirappearanceB.concernedaboutappearanceinoldageC.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashionD.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion问题2选项A.confidenceinlifeB.personaldressC.individualhairstyleD.personalfuture问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.CareaboutappearanceinformalsituationsB.FashioninformalandinformalsituationsC.IgnoringappearanceininformalsituationsD.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations2.单选题Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.（1）.Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.（2）tocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.（3）.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?（4）.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.（5）.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.问题1选项A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.问题2选项A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.问题3选项A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.问题4选项A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.问题5选项A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.3.单选题Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastotterImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughtitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn't,ofcourse.Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.1.Theauthorofthestoryhasbeeninsleepforthelastfewweeks.2.Awomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymindbecausesheremindedmeofmychildhood.3.Thewomanwassellingskirtswithdesignsofsquaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.4.TheauthorcouldspeaksomeLaotianthoughshedidnotspeakitwell.5.BargainingisacustominAsiaandtheauthordidnotknowhowtodoit.6.Theauthorhadwantedtobuyoneskirt,butsheendedupwiththreebecausetheskirtsweresocheapandpretty.7.Theauthorfelthappyafterthepurchasebecauseshehadpaidfortheskirtsatthepricesetsothatthewomancouldmakesomemoneythroughthislargepurchase.8.TheauthorsurelycomesfromanotherpartofAsiabecausesheknowshowtobehavewellinlocalculture.9.Thewomaninthemarketactuallyunderstoodtheauthorperfectlyandknewverywellthatshelikedthoseribbons.10.Theauthorcriedeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsbecauseshewasdeeplymovedbythewoman'sgenerousspirit.问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F4.写作题Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whatshouldbeinpeople'sdiet,tohavewhatonejustwantsortojusteathealthyfood?"Writeaspeechforthedebateandclarifyyourownviewpointtowardswhateveryourpositionwillbe(justoneposition).Butbesurethatyourargumentwillbesupportedwithampleexamplesorevidence.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyourspeech.Thelengthofyourspeechisexpectedtobebetween250and300words.WriteyourspeechontheANSWERSHEET.

5.单选题Oneofthegreatthingsaboutcoveringtechnologyisthatifyouhangaroundlongenough,yougettowritethesamestoriesalloveragain.In1987,whenIfirststartedonthetechbeat,desktopPCswereabigdeal.Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.Watchingthisnewmarketunfoldisabitlikeseeingoneofthosemovieswherethey'vetakenanoldclassicandremadeitwithnewstarsbutthesamescript.Now,asthen,asmallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone.Now,asthen,theplatformremainssomewhatprimitivebutisevolvingrapidly,Hardwaremakersaretryingtofigureoutwhichuserinterfaceworksbest.Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.Now,asthen,anewecosystemisarising,withdisruptivetechnologycreatingnewpowerhousesandthreateningthesurvivalofmarketleaders.ThemoststrikingGroundhogDaymomentformeinvolvesApple.Backin1984,AppleleaptwayaheadinthePCmarketwhenitreleasedtheoriginalMacintosh,thefirstpopularcomputertoemployagraphicaluserinterface.IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwithsomethingthatcouldcomparetotheMac,intheformofWindows3.0.Sixyears!Forallthattime,Applehadthemarkettoitself.Nevertheless,Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.Cuttothemobilephonemarket,today.InJune2007,AppleintroducedtheiPhone,adevicethatwassofarbeyondeverythingelseinthemarketthatevennow,twoandahalfyearslater,nothingcanbeatit.Tobesure,NokiaandResearchinMotionstillholdagreatershareofthesmartphonemarketthanAppledoes,buttheiragingsoftwareplatformslookobsoletenexttoApple's.Thequestionis,willAppledowiththeiPhonewhatitdidwiththeMac?Willitleapouttoatechnologicalleadandthenfindawaytoclutchdefeatfromthejawsofvictory?OrhasApplelearnedfromitspreviousexperienceandfiguredoutawaytoturnitssuperiordesignandwonderfultechnologyintomarketdomination?ProbablyApple'sbiggestblunderwiththeMacwasrefusingtoletothercompanieslicenseitssoftware.Thethingis,AppleCEOSteveJobsisacontrolfreakwhobelievesinkeepingthesoftwaretightlycoupledtothehardware.Inhismind,thisistheonlywaytoguaranteethatyou'llgivecustomersaterrificexperience.Microsofttooktheoppositeapproach,lettinganyPCmakerlicensetheWindowsoperatingsystem.There'satradeoffhereMicrosoftcouldn'tcontroltheuser'sexperience.Butitsdecisionledtogreaterdiversityofmachines,andlowerprices.Formostoftheworld,cheapmachinesthatwere"goodenough"trumpedApple'sprices,perfectionist,andcontrol-freakapproach.1.Whatcanweinferfromthecoveringtechnologymarket?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theoriginalMacintosh（）.3.Astothemobilephonemarkettoday,（）.4.AppleCEOSteveJobsholdstheideathat（）.5.WhatcanwelearnfromMicrosoft'sapproach?问题1选项A.DesktopPCsaredominatingthemainstream.B.Thereexistsintensetechnologicalcompetition.C.Softwaremakershavereplacedthehardwaremakers.D.Marketleadersarereluctanttothemarketevolvement.问题2选项A.wasintheformofWindows3.0B.wasareplacementofWindows3.0C.haslostitspopularitytoWindowsD.isthemostpopularcomputerbynow问题3选项A.AppleiPhoneholdsthemostshareB.iPhone'ssoftwareplatformisobsoleteC.NokiaisexceedingAppleinplatformD.iPhonestillkeepstheleadinsoftware问题4选项A.thereleaseofMacwasatotalfailureB.softwareandhardwaremustbeboundC.othercompaniescanlicenseitssoftwareD.Microsofthasnoguaranteetocustomers问题5选项A.TheWindowsoperatingsystemisfreeforall.B.Ithasnoconsiderationonuser'sexperience.C.IthaswonavictoryoverApple'sapproach.D.Itledtolowerprofitsandfiercecompetition.6.单选题Bringingupchildrenishardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhoodcompanions.Ms.Harristakestobeattheassumptionwhichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.Ms.Harris'sattackonthedevelopmentalists,“nurture”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomesorthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arcnomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenseorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughasitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs.Hamsargues,bekeentoappearliketheircontemporaries.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoor:Theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheirchildrenassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople'schild-rearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.1.AccordingtoMs.Harris,（）.2.Whichofthefollowingviewswouldthedevelopmentalistsagreewith?3.WhichofthefollowingstatementssummarizesthemainpointofParagraphthree?4.Theword"ditched"(Para4)couldbestbereplacedby（）.5.Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?问题1选项A.parentshavenotinvestedenoughtimeandenergyintheirchildrenB.children'spersonalityisshapedbypeopletheymixwithoutsidethehomeC.inthelongrun,parentswillaffecttheirchildren'spersonalityD.natureratherthannurturehasasignificanteffectonchildren'spersonalitydevelopment问题2选项A.Childrentendtoassumetheirparents'personalityB.Childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersthanbytheirparents.C.Identicaltwinsrearedinthesamehomearesimilarinpersonality.D.Identicaltwinsunderthesameparentdevelopseparatepersonalities.问题3选项A.Parentalinfluenceismoreimportantthantheinfluenceofthepeergroups.B.Tomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescenceishard.C.Childrensubjecttopeergroupinfluenceoftenlearnhowtobehonest,hard-working,orgenerous.D.Peersandparentshavesimilarinfluenceonachild’spersonalitydevelopment.问题4选项A.provedB.emphasizedC.comparedD.ignored问题5选项A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris'swork.B.TocounterMs.Harris'swork.C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris'swork.D.TocriticallycommentonMs.Harris'swork.7.单选题Whilethemissionofpublicschoolshasexpandedbeyondeducationtoincludesocialsupportandextra-curricularactivities,theacademicschedulehaschangedlittleinmorethanacentury.Reclaimingtheschooldayforacademicinstructionandescapingthetime-boundtraditionsofeducationarevitalstepsintheschool-reformprocess,saysareportreleasedtodaybytheNationalEducationCommissiononTimeandLearning.Thecommission'sreport,titled"PrisonersofTime,"callsthefixedclockandcalendarinAmericaneducationa"fundamentaldesignflaw”indesperateneedofchange."Timeshouldservechildreninsteadofchildrenservingtime,"thereportsays.Thetwo-yearcommissionfoundthatholdingAmericanstudentsto"world-classstandards"willrequiremoretimeforclassroominstruction."Wehavebeenaskingtheimpassibleofourstudents---thattheylearnasmuchastheirforeignpeerswhilespendinghalfasmuchasincoreacademicsubjects,"itstates.TheCommissioncomparedtherelationshipsbetweentimeandlearninginJapan,Germany,andtheUnitedStatesandfoundthatAmericanstudentsreceivelessthanhalfthebasicacademicinstructionthatJapaneseandGermanstudentsareprovided.Onaverage,Americanstudentscanearnahighschooldiplomaiftheyspendonly41percentoftheirschooltimeonacademics,saysthereport.Americanstudentsspendanaverageofthreehoursadayon“core”academicssuchasEnglish,math,science,andhistory,thecommissionfound.Theirreportrecommendsofferingaminimumof5.5hoursofacademicseveryschoolday.Thenine-membercommissionalsorecommendslengtheningtheschooldaybeyondthetraditionalsixhours."Ifschoolswanttocontinueofferingimportantactivitiesoutsidetheacademiccore,aswellasservingasahubforfamilyandcommunityservices,theyshouldkeepschooldoorsopenlongereachdayandeachyear,"saysJohnHodgeJones,superintendentofschoolsinMurfreesboro,Tenn.,andchairmanofthecommission.ThetypicalschoolyearinAmericanpublicschoolsis180days.Elevenstatesallowschoolyearsof175daysorless,andonlyonestaterequiresmorethan180days."Foroveradecade,educationreformadvocateshavebeenworkingfeverishlytoimproveourschools,"saysMiltonGoldberg,executivedirectorofthecommission.“But…ifreformistotrulytakehold,thesix-hour,180-dayschoolyearshouldberelegatedtomuseums—anexhibitfromoureducationpast"1.Comparedwiththeacademiccoursesmorethanahundredyearsago,theacademiccoursesnow（）.2.Theresearchesbythecommissionmentionedinthepassagearemostconcernedabout（）.3.Asismentionedinthepassage,schoolsintheUnitedStatesdothefollowingEXCEPT（）.4.AmericanstudentsdifferfromthoseinJapan,Germanyinthat（）.5.ExecutivedirectorofthecommissionMiltonGoldbergwouldmostprobablyagreethat（）.问题1选项A.includesomeextra-curricularactivitiesB.focusmoreoneducationofsocialsupportC.demandstudents'morecontributionoftimeD.remainmoreorlesswhattheyusedtobe问题2选项A.thetimeattributedtoacademiclearningB.thecomponentsofschooleducationC.thechangesineducationintherecentcenturyD.thefashionofeducationmanagement问题3选项A.providingimportantoutside-academicactivitiesB.servingsocialunitssuchasfamilyandcommunityC.arrangingsix-hourteachingandlearningeverydayD.havingcompetitionwithschoolsofothercountries问题4选项A.theystayatschoolforashortertimeeverydayB.theydonotlearnasmuchastheircounterpartsabroadC.theydevotelesstimetoacademiclearningD.theyearnahighschooldiplomamoreeasily问题5选项A.whattheeducationreformadvocateshavedoneisnotgoodenoughB.thetimeofschooldayandschoolyearshouldbeextended.C.visitingmuseumscanimprovestudents'academiclearningability.D.socialsupportandextra-curricularactivitiesshouldbecancelled.8.单选题TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidityThereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurersandgovernments.Thebehaviorsunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviorarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviorandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace. Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavorcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehavior---ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviorofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm，fair,transparent,andconsistent.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause（）.3.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?5.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?问题1选项A.Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.B.Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.C.Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.D.Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.问题2选项A.themedicalprofessionisbasedontrustB.thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicineC.themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernmentD.cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools问题3选项A.Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.B.Badschoolenvironmentisthe