【高考】英语一轮复习-Unit-5-Meeting-your-ancestors精练-新人教版选修8

2019【高考】英语一轮复习-Unit-5-Meeting-your-ancestors精练-新人教版选修8PAGEPAGE4Unit5李仕才[基础回顾]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itisassumedthatstressismainlycausedbytoomuchwork.2．Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhavethealternativeofbringingyourown.3．Shehaskeptupphysicaltrainingforseveralyearswithoutinterruption(interrupt)．4．Themoreweareawareofthesignificance(significant)ofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.5．Ifyoustudyinasystematic(system)way,youwon'tleaveanythingout.Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错1．Ihadnoalternativebutreporthimtotheheadteacher.report前加to2．Assumedthattheweatherisfavorable,farmerswillhaveagoodharvest.Assumed→Assuming/Assume3．Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butanyhowhefellbehind.anyhow→somehow4．I'mverysorrytointerruptwithyou,butIhavesomethingveryimportanttotellyou.去掉with5．Thesignificanceattachingtoanationaldayisverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.attaching→attachedⅢ.佳句写作1．他们急匆匆地到达公司，结果了解到他们被开除了。(onlyto作结果状语)答案：Theyhurriedtothecompany，onlytolearnthattheywerefired.2．看看我们现在所处的困境。要是我们接受了他的建议就好了。(ifonly)答案：Lookatthetroubleweareinnow.Ifonlywehadtakenhisadvice.3．看，我的妈妈正在切碎包饺子的肉。(cutup)答案：Look，mymotheriscuttingupthemeatformakingdumplings.4．假设他在七点回来的话，我们就开会。(assume)答案：Assume/Assumingthathecomesbackatseven，wewillhaveameeting.5．尽管下大雨，医护人员还是迅速地赶到事故现场。(inspiteof)答案：Inspiteoftheheavyrain，thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccident.[技能提升]Ⅰ.阅读理解TheancientMayancivilizationcollapsedduetoacentury­longdrought,newresearchsuggests.MineralstakenfromBelize'sfamousunderwatercave，knownastheBlueHole，aswellaslagoons(环礁湖)nearby,showthatanextremedroughtoccurredbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,rightwhentheMayancivilizationended.Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorth－buttheydisappearedagainafewcenturieslater,andthatdisappearanceoccurredatthesametimeasanotherdryperiod,thesediments(沉积物)reveal.Althoughthefindingsaren'tthefirsttotieadroughttotheendoftheMayanculture,thenewresultsstrengthenthecasethatdryperiodswereindeedthecause.That'sbecausethedatacomefromseveralspotsinaregioncentraltotheMayanheartland,saidstudyco­authorAndreDroxler,anEarthscientistatRiceUniversity.FromA.D.300toA.D．700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanpeninsula.TheseancientMesoamericansbuiltgreatpyramids,masteredastronomy,anddevelopedbothawritingsystemandacalendarsystem,whichisfamousforpredictingthattheworldwouldendin2012.ButinthecenturiesafterA.D.700,thecivilization'sbuildingactivitiesslowedandtheculturefellintowarandunrest.Theevidenceforadroughthasbeengrowinginrecentyears.A2012studyinthejournalScienceanalyzeda2,000­year­oldstalagmite(石笋)fromacaveinsouthernBelizeandfoundthatsharpdecreasesinrainfallcoincidedwithperiodsofdeclineintheculture.Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole，Droxlersaid.Tolookforsignsofdrought,theteamdrilledthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon,aswellasoneintheRhomboidreef.Thelagoonsweresurroundedonallsidesbythickwallsofcoralreef.Duringstormsorwetterperiods,excesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams，overtopstheretainingwalls,andisdepositedinathinlayeratthetopofthelagoon.Fromthere,allthesedimentsfromthesestreamssettletothebottomofthelagoon,pilingontopofeachotherandleavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate.TheteamfoundthatduringtheperiodbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,whentheMayancivilizationcollapsed,therewerejustoneortwotropicalcyclones(气旋)everytwodecades,asopposedtotheusualfiveorsix.Afterthat,theMayamovednorth,buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico.[语篇解读]玛雅文化如何消失是一个神秘话题。新研究发现：古玛雅文化的消失可能与长达一个世纪的干旱有关。1．WhathappenedafteranextremedroughtbetweenA．D.800andA.D.1,000?A．TheMayansweresufferingaheavyflood.B．TheMayanssuddenlydisappearedfromtheearth.C．TheMayanswereoftenattackedbytropicalcyclones.D．TheMayansmovedtoplacesinwhatisnowcalledMexico.解析：D[细节理解题。根据第二段“Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorth”和最后一段“Afterthat,theMayamovednorth，buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico”可知D为正确选项。]2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A．TheachievementsoftheMayancivilization.B．ThepredictiontheMayancivilizationmade.C．TheeffectstheMayancivilizationhadonhumans.D．ThebackgroundwheretheMayancivilizationbegan.解析：A[段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“FromA．D.300toA.D.700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanpeninsula”以及后面举的例子可知本段主要介绍玛雅文明的繁荣。]3．WhydidtheteamdrillthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon?A．TolearnhowtheBlueHolecameintobeing.B．Toknowwhatliesonthebottomofthelagoon.C．Tostudytherecordofthehistoricalclimate.D．Toseehowexcesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams.解析：C[细节理解题。根据第七段第一句“Tolookforsignsofdrought”和最后一句“leavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate”可知C为正确选项。]4．WhatdidAndreDroxlerthinkoftheanalysisofthe2,000­year­oldstalagmite?A．Amazing. B．Ridiculous.C．Reasonable. D．Unreliable.解析：D[推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole,Droxlersaid”可知来自一个洞穴的数据，很难对整个地区做出正确的预测。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·河北衡水中学一模)WhileIwaswaitinginlineatacoffeeshopearlier,awomandrovealongsidethequeueinamobilityscooter(踏板车).Therewasonlya__1__spacebetweenthelineofpeopleandthetables,whichshe__2__todrivealong.Shedroveovermyfootanddidn't__3__sayingnothingatall.Igotannoyedandexpectedshewouldhave__4__，butthenIjustdecidedto__5__itandgotdowntoselectingwhichpastry(点心)togowithmycoffee.TheladyandIendedupsittingatadjacent(邻近的)tables.Shewasontheendofarowsothatshecouldparkher__6__.Afterabouthalfanhour，whenshehad__7__hercoffee,shegotupandbackontoherscooter.It__8__start.Shetriedtoturnthekeyseveraltimes__9__shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom.Anengineer__10__within5minutes.Theplacemusthavebeenlocal.Icouldn't__11__overhearing(偷听)theirconversation,anditturnedoutshehadjust__12__thescooterthatmorning.Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit.Shefeltreally__13__aboutdrivingit.__14__，shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed,norits__15__，andthiscombinationmadeitquite__16__todriveitthroughnarrowgaps.Suddenly，Ifelt__17__forthelady.Itreallydidn't__18__meatallthatshe'ddrivenovermyfoot.Ihadmadeanassumption,__19__，thatapersondoingthatshouldapologize.Nexttimeyou'reaboutto__20__someone，pauseforasecondandremindyourselfthatpeoplehavejudgedyouwithoutknowingwhatwasgoingoninyourmindoryourlife.[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者在被一个第一次骑踏板车的女性轧到脚，又目睹了对方骑车时的不安以及无法启动车子的遭遇后，开始变得同情对方并最终原谅对方的故事。1．A.private B．vastC．public D．narrow解析：D[考查形容词辨析。由第二段最后一句中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，人群与桌子之间的空间狭小。D项意为“狭窄的”，符合语境。A项意为“私有的，私人的”；B项意为“巨大的”；C项意为“公共的”，均与语境不符。]2．A.attempted B．promisedC．declined D．guaranteed解析：A[考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，人群与桌子之间的空间很狭小；又根据下文中的“drivealong”以及“Shedroveovermyfoot”可知，她试图从中穿过。A项意为“试图”，attempttodosth.意为“试图做某事”，符合语境。B项意为“承诺”；C项意为“拒绝”；D项意为“保证”，均与语境不符。]3．A.callback B．giveupC．lookback D．cheerup解析：C[考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，她从作者的脚上面开了过去，没有回头看一下，并且什么都没有说。A项意为“回电话”；B项意为“放弃”；C项意为“回头看一下，回顾”；D项意为“使振作起来”。]4．A.ignored B．apologizedC．explained D．forgiven解析：B[考查动词辨析。根据第三段最后一句中的“thatapersondoingthatshouldapologize”可知，作者当时很生气，希望她能道歉。A项意为“忽视，不理会”；B项意为“道歉”；C项意为“解释”；D项意为“原谅”。]5．A.dismiss B．makeC．replace D．inspect解析：A[考查动词辨析。根据该句“Igotannoyedand...andgotdowntoselectingwhichpastry(点心)togowithmycoffee.”并结合语境可知，前后表示转折，作者起初很生气，希望这位妇女能道歉，可一会儿之后，便不再理会这件事，开始认真挑选自己的点心了。A项意为“不予理会，不予考虑”；B项意为“制作”；C项意为“代替”；D项意为“视察，检查”。]6．A.truck B．bikeC．car D．scooter解析：D[考查名词辨析。根据文章第一句“...awomandrovealongsidethequeueinamobilityscooter(踏板车)．”可知，她坐在最后一排的目的是可以停放她的踏板车，此处与开头的“scooter”照应。]7．A.poured B．finishedC．ordered D．purchased解析：B[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“shegotupandbackontoherscooter”并结合语境可知，此处应指她喝完了咖啡然后起身去骑踏板车。A项意为“倾，倒”；B项意为“完成”；C项意为“命令，订购，点(酒菜等)”；D项意为“购买”。]8．A.needn't B．shouldn'tC．wouldn't D．mustn't解析：C[考查情态动词辨析。根据下文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom”以及第二段第一句“Anengineer__10__within5minutes.”可知，踏板车坏了，启动不了。由此可知，C项“wouldn't”符合语境。A项意为“不必”；B项意为“不应该”；D项意为“禁止”，均与语境不符。]9．A.so B．untilC．unless D．before解析：D[考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，她在给卖踏板车的地方打电话之前，又尝试转动了几下钥匙。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“直到”；C项意为“除非”；D项意为“在……之前”。]10．A.brokein B．turnedupC．ranaway D．settleddown解析：B[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom”可知，在给卖踏板车的地方打电话之后，工程师在五分钟之内就到了。A项意为“闯入，打断”；B项意为“出现，露面，到达”；C项意为“逃跑”；D项意为“定居，安定下来”。]11．A.tolerate B．allowC．resist D．postpone解析：C[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“overhearing(偷听)theirconversation”并结合语境可知，作者忍不住偷听了他们的谈话。A项意为“容忍”；B项意为“允许”；C项意为“抵制”；D项意为“推迟”。can't/couldn'tresistdoingsth.意为“忍不住做某事”，符合语境。]12．A.collectedB.stolenC．fixed D．abandoned解析：A[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，她那天上午刚从店里取了车，这是她第一次把它骑出来。A项意为“收集，领走”；B项意为“偷”；C项意为“固定，修理”；D项意为“放弃，遗弃”。]13．A.concerned B．excitedC．confident D．nervous解析：D[考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed”并结合常识可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车，所以她应该是很紧张。A项意为“担心的，忧虑的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；C项意为“有信心的”；D项意为“紧张的”。]14．A.Doubtfully B．CertainlyC．Fortunately D．Surprisingly解析：B[考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车出门，当然会不习惯它的车速。A项意为“怀疑地”；B项意为“当然，肯定”；C项意为“幸运地”；D项意为“吃惊地”。]15．A.width B．lengthC．weight D．height解析：A[考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed”和下文中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，她既不习惯车速，也不习惯它的宽度。width意为“宽度”，与下文中的“narrowgaps”照应，符合语境。]16．A.cool B．convenientC．stressful D．desperate解析：C[考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，她那天早上是第一次骑踏板车出门，她既不习惯它的车速，也不习惯它的宽度，这让她在狭小的空间里驾驭踏板车很有压力。A项意为“凉爽的，冷静的，酷的”；B项意为“方便的”；C项意为“有压力的”；D项意为“令人绝望的，极度渴望的”。]17．A.pleasure B．regretC．appreciation D．sympathy解析：D[考查名词辨析。根据语境并结合上文描述这位女士骑车时的艰难可知，当了解到实情后，作者突然对这个妇女的遭遇感到同情。A项意为“快乐”；B项意为“后悔”；C项意为“感激，欣赏”；D项意为“同情”。]18．A.strike B．botherC．satisfy D．motivate解析：B[考查动词辨析。作者在知道了这位妇女的情况之后，很同情她，也不再恼火她轧到了自己的脚。A项意为“给人印象，让人觉得”；B项意为“烦扰，使恼怒”；