托福tpo经典加试题总汇

1、托福阅读加试一 本文主要讲述了电报在起步阶段所遇到的。其原因主要是：第一，缺乏；第二，缺乏；第三，当时致力于的研究。本文longdistancecommunication解析：A．fundB．解析：当时egraph 解析： 解析：在19世纪，电报被纳入 解析：随着发展，欧洲国家把egraph纳 ernmentalegraph是非常revolutionary电报发明的意义。电报只产生了littlechange。2、托福阅读加试二 鸟鸣【BirdsSong为了研究它们唱歌的技能是遗传（）和的whiteXcrow（X可能试验一、Researchers首先把刚出生的一只小chaffinch然，听它的song这就证明了chaffinch就有唱歌的本领。带 快就学会了recording里的鸟的（dialect）recordingunreceptive(考了这个词的意思)。说明后单词题：ultimay,rein,proliferate/proliferation,superb,optimal,blur。 chaffinchResearchers首先把刚出生的一只小chaffinchisolate，不让它听到大鸟唱歌song。首先把刚出生的一只小whitenecked词汇 3

naturalselection：Darwinnaturalselectionlongtimeevolution来验证，本文则是用了两个relativelyshortevolution'sexamples来supportnaturalselection。 认为自然选择aretooslowforpeopleto 鱼类证明了这个假说的合理性。自然选择对生物的影响（与的不同）两个例子，guppy在predator多和少里生活，大小不同（offspring一题考），然后讲了现物学家发现在短期可以观察到naturesize,mate,reproductionpredator（掠食者）少的pool中，offspring(后代)发生了很多，所以就不会超负荷。而且长得快。放在上游，并且有很少predator，它们的繁殖速度就慢，而且baby鱼不大并且生长速度慢。finch（雀类）beak（喙）的大小的。causelethalbeakbird（decimation（beaklargesize数量不同的predicatorsof guppy从捕食者多的地方放到捕食者少的poolguppygrowasquicklyaspossibletomateasmanyoffsprings.早代价是liferisks.Rputthepredicationsintotest.这段是描述试验，测试猜测。birdswithsmallbeaksonlyeatsmallseedsbirdswithlongbeakscouldeatlargeseeds长嘴鸟的优势？打碎(breaktheseed)长而硬的break打碎largesize的grain。还有一题问lethal的意思，答案好象是death答案：1.a,2a,3.d,4a,5.c,6b,7.c,89.a,10.b11.a,12.b.13.b,14.a,c,]底格里斯河和 境内。可能在公元前5000 比伦Babylon追溯到公元前4000年。公元前3100美索文化Sumerian埃及文化，一个是两河流域的M屏障。M地不一样，河水土地narrowand第四段：在S文化中最重要的是 fellow中议事。Mesopotamiaculture一种civilization（文明社会）civilizationEgypt但没有一方压倒另一方。Egypt的体制根两河的不一样，一个united联合体制。另外两河的文明很少有tangiblesubstance的。还讲了两河的locallord（）,这人不是fiction的，他对他那个citystate具有很大的influence，文中讲到的是economicThewordastonishinginthepassageisclosestinmeaning(A)important(B)unknown(C)amazing(D)Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?IncorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialAgreatcivilizationaroseinMesopotamia,the“landbetweenrivers”underpharaonicEgyptandanothergreatcivilizationbothdevelopedinMesopotamiabetween3500and3000B.C.AgreatcivilizationaroseinMesopotamiabetween3500andB.C.atthesametimethatancientEgyptwasbeingAsEgyptwasbeingunitedunderpharaonicrule,agreatcivilizationarosethere.ThephraseitssubstancereferstodivinethesuddencollapseofmilitaryThewordobscureinthepassageisclosestinmeaning(A)unclear(B)unique(C)controversial(D)TheauthormentionsNordidtheysharetheEgyptians’concernwiththehereafter,inorderto作者提到也不埃及人关于从今以后的担忧为ToprovideoneexnationfortherelativelyfewphysicalToexinwhyancientSumerianbuiltwithmudbrickandwoodratherthanwithstone.TohelpaccountforthefactthattombsandvaultedchambershavebeenfoundonlyatUr.Tocountertheclaimthatallancientsocietiespaidgreatattentiontotheafterlife.AccordingtothepassageitcanbeinferredthattheCityofUrislocatedinUr城（乌尔城）位于(A)Egypt(B)Persia(C)northernThewordvastinthepassageisclosestinmeaning(A)random(B)verylarge(C)surprising(D)relativelyAccordingtoparagraph2and3,thephysicalcharacteristicsofMesopotamiaaffectedSumeriancivilizationinallofthefollowingwaysForeigninvasionsweremadeCreatingandmaintainingpoliticalstabilitywasmadeContinuityofculturalandictraditionscouldnotbeachieved.文化和艺术传统的一致性得不到Sumerianarchitecturecouldnotproducelong-lastingLookatthefour[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Clickonasquare[■]toaddthesentencetothepassage.Despitetheseachievements,scholarsknowmuchlessaboutSumerian言Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?选第四方块Accordingtoparagraph4,whatevidenceisusedtosupporttheclaimthattheideaofdivineownershipwasnot“amerepiousTheideaofdivineownershiporiginatedwiththekingsofSumeriancity-state.Theideaofdivineownershipwasthereasonwhyalargepartoftheharvestwasofferedtothegod.Theideaofdivineownershipeventuallycametore“theocraticTheideaofdivineownershipservedasthebasisfortheeconomicorganizationofSumeriansociety.，Thewordconsiderableinthepassageisclosestinmeaning(A)substantial(B)fixed(C)valuable(D)12，Intheabovepassage,allofthefollowingweretrueofthelocalgodEXCEPT哪项不是关于当地的神的事实Thelocalgodownedeverythingandeveryoneinthecity-Thelocalgodrepresentedthesubjectsofthecity-statetootherThelocalgodcommunicatedwiththepeopleofthecity-statethroughahumanruler.Thelocalgodsometimesfoughtagainstthelocalgodsofrivalcity-states当地的神有时候同竞争的13，fillinatableAncientEgyptianSumerian 3.a, 13.a,f/c,d,1Itisanastonishingfactthathumancivilizationshouldhaveemergedintothelightofhistoryintwoseparatecesatjustaboutthesametime.Between3,500and3,000B.C.whenEgyptwasbeingunitedunderpharaonicrule,anothergreatcivilizationaroseinMesopotamia,the“landbetweentherivers.”Andforclosetothreethousandyears,thetworivalcentersretainedtheirdistinctcharacters,eventhoughtheyhadcontactwitheachotherfromtheirearliestbeginnings,andtheirdestinieswereinterwoveninmanyways.ThepressurethatdtheinhabitantsofbothregionstoabandonthepatternofNeolithicvillagelifemaywellhavebeenthesame.ButthevalleyoftheTigrisandEuphratesrivers,unlikethatoftheNile,isnotanarrowfertilestripprotectedbydesertoneitherside.Itresemblesawide,shallowtroughwithfewnaturaldefenses,crisscrossedbytwogreatriversandtheirtributaries,andiseasilyencroacheduponfromanydirection.Theword

the is inmeaningWhichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.AgreatcivilizationaroseinMesopotamia,the“landbetweentherivers”underpharaonicrule.EgyptandanothergreatcivilizationbothMesopotamiabetween3500and3000AgreatcivilizationaroseinMesopotamiabetween3500and3000B.C.atthesametimethatancientEgyptwasbeingAsEgyptwasbeingunitedunderpharaonicrule,agreatcivilizationarosethere.ThephraseitssubstancerefersthepoliticalhistoryofancientdivinethesuddencollapseofmilitaryThewordobscureinthepassageisclosestinmeaningTheauthormentionsNordidtheysharetheEgyptians’concernwiththehereafter,inordertophysicalremainsofancientSumeriansociety.ToexinwhyancientSumerianbuiltwithmudbrickandwoodratherthanwithstone.TohelpaccountforthefactthattombsandvaultedchambershavebeenfoundonlyatUr.Tocountertheclaimthatallancientsocietiespaidgreatattentiontotheafterlife.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheCityofUrislocatedinnorthernneartheconfluenceofTigrisandThewordvastinthepassageisclosestinmeaningveryrelatively 2 physicalofMesopotamiaaffectedSumeriancivilizationinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTForeigninvasionsweremadeCreatingandmaintainingpoliticalstabilitywasmadeContinuityofculturalandictraditionscouldnotbeachieved.Lookatthefour[■]thatindicatewherethesentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Clickonasquare[■]toaddthesentencetothepassage.Despitetheseachievements,scholarsknowmuchlessaboutSumerianlifethantheywouldlike.WherewouldthesentencebestAccordingtoparagraph4,whatevidenceisusedtosupporttheclaimthattheideaofdivineownershipwasnotamerepiousTheideaofdivineownershiporiginatedwiththekingsofSumeriancity-state.Theideaofdivineownershipwasthereasonwhyalargepartoftheharvestwasofferedtothegod.Theideaofdivineownershipeventuallycametore“theocraticTheideaofdivineownershipservedasthebasisfortheeconomicorganizationofSumeriansociety.Thewordconsiderable

inIntheabovepassage,allofthefollowingweretrueofthelocalgodEXCEPTThelocalgodownedeverythingandeveryoneinthecity-Thelocalgodrepresentedthesubjectsofthecity-stattootherThelocalgodcommunicatedwiththepeopleofthecity-statethroughahumanruler.ThelocalgodsometimesfoughtagainstthelocalgodofSUMERIANCIVILIZATIONastonishing=sentencesimplificationAgreatcivilizationaroseinMesopotamiabetween3,50and3,000B.C.atthesametimethatancientEgyptwasbeingitssubstancerefersto-thepoliticalhistoryofancientobscure=Egyptian’sconcernwiththeafterlifereasontoprovideoneexnationfortherelativelyfewphysicaremainsofancientSumerianthe“cityofUr”neartheconfluenceofTigrisanEuphratesvast=veryEXCEPT問題=continuityofculturalandictraditionscouldnotbachieved.不是事简单的=theideaofdivineownershipasthebasisfortheeconomicorganizationofSumerianconsiderable=EXCEPTThelocalgodsometimesfoughtagainstthelocalgodsofrivalcity-stated.fillinatableAncientEgyptianSumerianCivilization5、托福阅读经典加试三 盐但是的盐是细盐，要粗盐还要进口，另外自然来了，那个专import.购盐，以获得它。补偿金enable商人从东地中海eastern aintain（it**定的。其他三个选项是：发牌照；定价格； 他的市场。(有考到词汇题ruthlessly无情地;答案应该是without 还有了自己的舰队，也是为了让大家conform6、托福阅读加试:蜜蜂（貌似很少考到蜜蜂的沟通模式讲蜂。分为honeybee和workerbee。讲了termite白蚁与很多Species不同，他们是发现蜜蜂找到窝以后跳舞是指示foodtype，后来发现morethannectardancepollendance，有一道题问这个的，nectar是跳圆圈舞，pollen是跳8字舞。但是一直有科学家怀疑这个说法直到1989machinebees模仿。最后发现了蜂带回来的资讯和wind无关（这里有考题问direction,distanceFlowersprovidefoodforbees.Thebeescollecttinygrainsofpollenandasweetliquidcallednectarfromthetheyvisit.Theymakehoneyfromthenectar,andusebothhoneyandpollenasfood.Duringtheirfood-gatheringflights,beesspreadpollenfromoneflowertoanother,thuspollinating(fertilizing)thentstheyvisit.Thisenablesthentstoreproduce.ThehoneybeeAtypicalhoneybeecolonyismadeupofonequeen,tensofthousandsofworkers,andafewhundreddrones雄峰.HoneybeesliveinhivesThehiveisastoragespace,suchasahollow空的treeorabox,whichcontainsab蜂窝 compartments隔间calledcells.Workerbeesbuildthe bofwaxproducedbytheirbodies.Thewaxoozesthroughsmallpores(holes)inthebodyandformstinywhiteflakesontheoutsideoftheTheyalsocollectastickysubstancebeeglue,fromcertainkindsoftrees.ThebodyofthehoneyAbeehasfiveeyes-threesmallonesthatformatriangleontopofitshead,andalargecompoundeyeoneachsideofitsHoneybeeswerethefirstinsectsknowntobeabletodistinguishcolors.Beeshavethreekindsofcolor-sensitivecellsintheireyes.Thesevisualcellsareespeciallysensitivetoblue,yellow,andultravioletrays,whichhumanscannotThestingofaworkerbeeisstraight,withbarbs(hooks)it.Whenthebeethruststhestingintoflesh,thebarbsholdtight,andthestinger蛰针pullsoutofthebee'sbody.7、TOEFLiron,silicon（硅）,还有两个忘记了。呼吸，等等。随后，还对比了在沙漠和在极地生活的同一种动物的异同。defensesystem，defensesystemmodificationof

其原理就是dryicemakesthemoisturezeintoiceparticlesand示这个说法。这种cloudseedinglocal 中的Greece创造了一种文明，些歷史人物和位址，单词怪怪的，不过题目不是很。样，主要是在生理结构上，然后说marsupialisarsupial在美洲竞争不过其他动物了，所以只有澳洲的说南美和再次连接起来之后，很多食肉动物南下，把marsupial都吃了。o动物不进化，但是事实证明他是最近才来到的，然后说o动物适应能力好，什么都吃，人扔的都吃，所以他 amajorroleinfuturenetaryRobotswillsurelyy(B)Robots,whichwillsurelyy(C)Becauserobotswillsurelybe D．Surelyrobots,whichwillbe Unliketheowl,batscannotseeverywell,buttheydo ithearsveryverygoodtotearingverywellD．verygoodhearingparativelyfewcluesintheUnitedSlateshavecompetingnewspaperstoday,amajorchangefrom1900 morethantwonewspapers.A.becausethenmostlargecitieswhendidmostlargecitiesthenmostlargecitiesthathadD．whenmostlargecitieshadWitchhazelextract, distilledfromthebarkandtwigsofthewitchhazelshrub,hasbeenutilizedinmedicine.whentobe(C)whichisD．hasbeentouchinginO.Henry’sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.MostItmostlyIsitWhatisThefaceoftheMoonischangedbycollisionswithmeteoroids,newcraterstoappear.D．havecauseSocialscientistsbelievethat fromsoundssuchasgruntsandbarksmadebyearlyancestorsofhumanbeings.theveryslowdevelopmentoflanguagedevelopedverylanguagewhich,,wasveryslowtodevelopD．language,veryslowlydevelosubstancesincludevariousformsofsilica,pumice,andNaturalabrasivesAbrasionoccursinnaturalC．Naturallyoccurringabrasivenaturaloccurrenceofintheupperpartoftheirlong1thinlegsall9wdeertorunswiftlyandjumpfar.MusclesareTherearepowerfulThepowerfulmusclesPowerfulGeophysicistshavecollaboratedwitharchaeologistsandanthropologiststostudythemagneticpropertiesofpotteryandfirecesatsites--byearlyhumans.whichweretechnicallyproficient;italsoexplorespsychologicalNotonlyisBarbaraAstman’sNotonlyBarbaraAsiman’sBarbaraAstman1sartwork,,whichisnotBarbaraAstman’sartworknotAlthoughCanada’sParliamentcaneitheradministeroren lawsinitiate,itdoeshavethepowertomakelawsandvoteontheallocationoffunds.WillaCatherconsideredhernoveloflifeinnineteenth-centuryNebraska,MyAntonia,washerbestherbestherbestworkitbeingherbestFirstdesignatedin1970,EarthDayhas eanannualinternationaleventconcernsaboutenvironmentalissuessuchaspollution.dedicatedtoraisingB．dedicatedraisingC．dedicatestoraiseD．thatdedicatestoraisingIn1992AlbertGore,Jr.,thesonofaformerUnitedStatessenator,becameViceoftheUnitedStates.whowastheforty-andtheforty-theforty-hewastheforty-AlthoughChristopherColumbusfailedinhis(A)originalgoal,thediscoveries(B)hedidmakewereas(C)ImportantthantheroutetoAsiaheexpected(D)tofind.MarthaGraham,a(A)leadingfigureinmoderndance,madeshe(B)debutin(C)1920with(D)theDenishawnSchool.IntheUnitedStates,thefederal ernment(A)isresponsibleto(B)regulatingtheworkingconditions(C)infactories(D).Jupiteris(A)agaseousnetwith(B)anatmospherecomposedmost(C)ofhydrogenand(D)helium.Throughouthercareer(A)GeorgiaO’Keeffepaid(B)meticulousattentiontohercraft;herbrusheswerealways(C)clean,hercolorsfreshandHydrogenthenine(A)mostabundantelementintheEarth’scrust(B),isan(C)odorless,colorless,andtasess(D)gas.Salamandersarefrequently(A)tobefind(B)inmoist(C),wooded(D)engineshavebeenreced(A)inmost(B)casesby(C)moreeconomicalandefficiency(D)devices,suchastheelectricm16.AlthoughChristopherColumbusfailedinhis(A)originalgoal,thediscoveries(B)hedidmakewereas(C)ImportantthantheroutetoAsiaheexpected(D)tofind.MarthaGraham,a(A)leadingfigureinmoderndance,madeshe(B)debutin(C)1920with(D)theDenishawnSchool.IntheUnitedStates,thefederal ernment(A)isresponsibleto(B)regulatingtheworkingconditions(C)infactories(D).Jupiteris(A)agaseousnetwith(B)anatmospherecomposedmost(C)ofhydrogenand(D)helium.Throughouthercareer(A)GeorgiaO’Keeffepaid(B)meticulousattentiontohercraft;herbrusheswerealways(C)clean,hercolorsfreshandHydrogenthenine(A)mostabundantelementintheEarth’scrust(B),isan(C)odorless,colorless,andtasess(D)gas.Salamandersarefrequently(A)tobefind(B)inmoist(C),wooded(D)engineshavebeenreced(A)inmost(B)casesby(C)moreeconomicalandefficiency(D)devices,suchastheelectricmotor.Traditionally(A),theofJulyiscelebrated(B)intheUnitedStateswithpoliticalspeeches, ics,andmostimportantofall(C),adisyed(D)offireworksatnight.Thestyleofused(A)incartoonanimationrangefromrelatively(B)realisticrepresentationsofeverydaylifetothemostromanticandimpossibleOrdinary(A)beaverdamsvary(B)inlengthfromafewfeet(C)toahundredfeelormorethan(D).IntheUnitedState,ialelections(A)areheld(B)onceevery(C)fouryear(D).Traditionally(A),theofJulyiscelebrated(B)intheUnitedStateswithpoliticalspeeches, ics,andmostimportantofall(C),adisyed(D)offireworksatnight.Thestyleofused(A)incartoonanimationrangefromrelatively(B)realisticrepresentationsofeverydaylifetothemostromanticandimpossibleOrdinary(A)beaverdamsvary(B)inlengthfromafewfeet(C)tohundredfeelormoreIntheUnitedState,ialelections(A)areheld(B)onceevery(C)fouryear(D).br>28.Exceptof(A)thehandtoe,thefeet(B)ofthe(C)gullarefully(D)webbed.Teachingmachinesaredevicesthatcanstoreinstructionally(A)information,presentdisys,receive(B)responsesfromalearner(C),andactonthose(D)responses.ChallottePerkinsGilmanIsknownprimarily(A)asanauthorofshort(B)stories,butshealsowroteaninfluentialbookargued(C)forequal(D)economicopportunitiesforwomen.Insomeareas(A)oftheUnitedStates,unfavorableclimateor(B)soilmakefarming(C)animpossible(D)task.Naturalistshaveidentified(A)atleastfourhundredofspecies(B)of lsandsixhundredtypesofbirds(C)inthestateof(D)California.Insteadoftooth(A),thebluewhalehasarow(B)ofbonytesinits(C)mouththatfunctionsas(D)afood-collectingdevice.Murresareblack-and-whitedriving(A)birdsthatmateeveryfiveorsixyearsandlay(B)onlyasingle(C)eggattime(D).Abarcodeconsists(A)apatternoflines(B)andbarsthat(C)acomputercantranslateintoinformation(D).Hummingbirdsare(A)theonly(B)birds(C)thatcanflytoFluorine,agreenish-yellowgasthatisslightlyheavy(A)thanairispoisonous(B)andcorrosiveandhasapenetratinganddisagreeable(D)odor.TheEverglades,alargeswamparea(A)isan(B)uniquewilderness(C)extendingovermuch(D)ofsouthernFlorida.Eachyear(A)millionsoftons(B)offertiletopsoilthatcould(C)producegoodcropswashed(D)awaybyrains.Sincethe(A)1950's,folk'musichashad(B)asignificant(C)influenceonmany(D)popularvocalandinstrumentalmusic.Questions1-Beforethe1500’s,thewesterninsofNorthAmericaweredominatedbyfarmers.Onegroup,theMandans,livedintheupperMissouriRivercountry,primarilyinpresent-dayNorthDakota.Theyhadlargevillagesofhousesbuiltclosetogether.ThetightarrangementenabledtheMandanstoprotectthemselvesmoreeasilyfromtheattacksofotherswhomightseektoobtainsomeofthefoodthesehighlycapablefarmersstoredfromoneyeartothenext.Thewomenhadprimaryresponsibilityforthefields.Theyhadtoexerciseconsiderableskilltoproducethedesiredresults,fortheirnorthernlocationmeantfleetinggrowingseasons.Winteroftenlingered;autumncouldbeusheredinbyseverefrost.Forgoodmeasure,duringthespringandsummer,drought,heat,hail,grasshoppers,andotherfrustrationsmightawaitthewarygrower.Undersuchconditions,Mandanwomenhadtogrowmaizecapableofweatheringadversity.Theybeganasearlyasitappearedfeasibletodosointhespring.clearingtheland,usingfiretoclearstubblefromthefieldsandthennting.Fromthispointuntilthefirstgreencorncouldbeharvested,thecroprequiredlaborandvigilance.Harvestingproceededintwostages.InAugusttheMandanspickedasmalleramountofthecropbeforeithadmaturedfully.Thisgreencornwasboiled,dried,andsed,withsomeofthemaizeslatedforimmediateconsumptionandthereststoredinanimal-skinbags.Laterinthefall,thepeoplepickedcorn.Theysavedthebestoftheharvestforseedsorfortrade,withtheremaindereatenrightawayorstoredforlateruseinundergroundreserves.Withappropriatebankingoftheextrafood,theMandansprotectedthemselvesagainstthedisasterofcropfailureand panyinghunger.Thewomenntedanotherstaple,squash,aboutthefirstofJune,andharvesteditnearthetimeofthegreencornharvest.Aftertheypickedit,theyslicedit,driedit,andstrungtheslicesbeforetheystoredthem.Onceagain,theysavedtheseedfromthebestoftheyear’scrop.TheMandansalsogrewsunflowersandtobacco;thelatterwastheparticulartaskoftheoldmen.TheMandansbuilttheirhousesclosetogetherinorderguardtheirsofprotectthemselvesagainsttheallowmoreroomforgrowingsharefarmingTheword"enabled"inline4isclosestinmeaningTheword"considerable"inline8isclosestinmeaningWhydoestheauthorbelievethattheMandanswereskilledTheydevelopedeffectiveTheydevelopednewvarietiesofTheycouldgrowcropsinmosttypesofTheycouldgrowcropsdespiteadverseTileword"consumption"inline18isclosestinmeaningWhichofthefollowingprocessesdoestheauthorimplywasdonebybothmenandwomen?ClearingntingHarvestingD)harvestingTheword"disaster"inline22isclosestinmeaningtoAccordingtothepassage,theMandansptheirfoodbyTheword"it"inline25referstoWhichofthefollowingcropswascultivatedprimarilyby(A)CornThroughoutthepassage,theauthorimpliesthatthennedforthevaluedwereopentowereveryD)harvestingTheword"disaster"inline22isclosestinmeaningtoAccordingtothepassage,theMandansptheirfoodbyTheword"it"inline25referstoWhichofthefollowingcropswascultivatedprimarilyby(A)CornThroughoutthepassage,the