2023届湖南省衡阳县高三3月教学质量诊断性检测英语试题 【含答案解析】

第1页/共1页2023届高三教学质量诊断性考试卷英语注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷(选择题)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthewomanusetoforgettodo?A.Writedownthecalories.B.Countthecalories.C.Readthecalories.2.Whichcolourofacarpetdoesthemanlikebest?A.Blue.B.Red.C.Grey.3.Whydoesthemanfixthecarhimself?A.Hewantstosavemoney.B.Heisgoodatrepairingcars.C.Itiseasyforhimtorepairit.4.WhereisJennyworkingnow?A.Inahospital.B.Inacollege.C.Inadrugstore.5.Howdoesthewomangohometoday?A.Bycar.B.Bysubway.C.Bybus.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段对话，回答以下6-7小题。6.Whatdidthewomanorderatlast?A.Abeefsandwich.B.Ahotdog.C.Chickenbreast.7.Whereisthewoman?A.Inhercar.B.Atthecashier’sdesk.C.Inheroffice.听第7段对话，回答以下8-9小题。8.Howlongwilltheman’sfriendbestayingintheapartment?A.Anothermonthormore.B.Atleasttwomonths.C.Lessthanamonth.9.Whatdoesthewomanwanttheman’sfriendtodo?AMoveout.B.Findajobinamonth.C.Sharethehouseholdexpenses.听第8段对话，回答以下10-12小题。10.Whatdidthewomandoduringtheweekend?A.Shehaddinnerinarestaurant.B.Shewatchedamovieinacinema.C.Shecelebratedhermother’sbirthday.11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Itisboring.B.Itisgreat.C.Itisconfusing.12.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSaturday?A.Buyabirthdaypresent.B.Visitsomefriends.C.Holdaparty.听第9段对话，回答以下13-16小题。13.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Inarestaurant.14.Whyisthemannervous?A.BecausethisishisfirsttimetoChina.B.BecauseheknowsnothingaboutChinesetablemanners.C.Becausehedoesn’tknowwhetherhelikesChinesefoodornot.15.What’stheruleoftablemannersthewomantellsthemantoobey?A.Tomakehimselfathome.B.Tolearntousechopsticks.C.Tochooselessstrongwines16.Whatdoesthemanhavedinnerwith?A.Chopsticks.B.Aknifeandfork.C.Aspoon.听下面一段独白，回答以下17-20小题。17.HowmanybookshasNicholasSparkssoldworldwide?A.Nearly65million.B.Nearly75million.C.Over97million.18.WhatdoestheNicholasSparksFoundationdo?A.Itteachesstudentsresponsibility.B.Itprovidesbookstoruralcommunities.C.Ithelpspoorkidsgetaneducation.19.WithwhomdidSparksfoundtheEpiphanySchool?A.Hiswife.B.Histeacher.C.Thecommunitycommittee.20.WhatcanwelearnaboutSparks?A.Allhisbookshavebeenmadeintomovies.B.Educationchangedhislife.C.HestartedaschoolinNewYork.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIt’snosecretthatsomeoftheworld’sbestskiresorts(胜地)arefoundwithinSwitzerland’soutstandingmountains.Herearesomeofthem.Grindelwald—WengenIfyou’relookingforaSwisspostcardskiexperience,thenGrindelwaldistheplaceforyou.ThebeautifulNorthFaceoftheEigertowersoverthisprettymountainvillage,whichhasalonghistoryofmountainclimbingandskiing.Itsmainskiareacanbeskiedonthesameliftticket!There’snobetterwaytogetupthemountainherethanbytrain.OpeningDate:Nov.26,2022ClosingDate:Apr.16,2023FlimsLaaxFaleraWhatpullsinskiersandsnowboardersfromallovertheworldtoFlimsLaaxFaleraaretheworld-classterrain(地形)parks.There’snodenyingthisskiresortisabighitwithfreestylers,butthere’salsoplentytoattractskiers.OpeningDate:Nov.28,2022ClosingDate:Apr.26,2023EngelbergEngelbergisarisingstarforarangeofgoodreasons,butthehighlightisthemassivefree-ridepotential.ThesecretismostdefinitelyoutasthetownfillsupeveryyearwithScandinaviansinsearchoftheirdrylightsnow.OpeningDate:Oct.152022ClosingDate:May21,2023ZermattZermattisthebestofSwitzerland’sskiresorts.Thisisyourresortifyouhavethemoneytoaffordit!Fantasticrestaurantsareseenalloverthemountain,servingSwisscheesehotpotandothercookingmasterpieces.OpeningDate:Nov.26,2022ClosingDate:Apr.30,20231.Whichskiresortdoyouchooseifyouenjoymountainvillages?A.Grindelwald-Wengen. B.FlimsLaaxFalera.C.Engelberg. D.Zermatt.2.WhatattractspeopletoFlimsLaaxFalera?A.Itsbeautifulsecenry. B.Itspleasantweather.C.Itsterrainparks. D.Itsfreeadmission.3.WhatisthemajorconcernoftravelerswhochooseZermatt?A.Transportation. B.Security.C.Price. D.Location.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最好的四个滑雪胜地。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Grindelwald—Wengen部分中“ThebeautifulNorthFaceoftheEigertowersoverthisprettymountainvillage,whichhasalonghistoryofmountainclimbingandskiing.Itsmainskiareacanbeskiedonthesameliftticket!There’snobetterwaytogetupthemountainherethanbytrain.”（美丽的艾格峰北坡耸立在这个美丽的山村之上，这里有着悠久的登山运动和滑雪历史。它的主要滑雪区域可以在同一电梯票上滑雪！在这里，没有比坐火车上山更好的路了）可知，如果你想在滑雪区欣赏山村的景色，可以来Grindelwald—Wengen。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FlimsLaaxFalera部分中“WhatpullsinskiersandsnowboardersfromallovertheworldtoFlimsLaaxFaleraaretheworld-classterrain(地形)parks.”（吸引世界各地的滑雪者和滑雪板爱好者到FlimsLaaxFalera的是世界级的地形公园）可知，吸引人们来FlimsLaaxFalera的原因是其世界级的地形公园。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Zermatt部分中“ZermattisthebestofSwitzerland’sskiresorts.Thisisyourresortifyouhavethemoneytoaffordit!”（Zermatt是瑞士最好的滑雪胜地，只要你有钱，这里就是你的度假胜地！）可知，当你选择滑雪胜地Zermatt时，需要考虑的是你的经济能力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。BLiJianguo,a49-year-oldteacherattheTianjinVocationalInstitute,issettobenamedasoneofthe“2022mostbeautifulteachers”—anannualpublicawardsponsoredbythePublicityDepartmentoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommitteeandtheMinistryofEducation.Lihasstoodoutbytakingtheleadinthetrainingofstudentsinvocationalskills,gaininganumberofhonorsincludingbeingnamedasanationalrolemodelteacher.Hehasmentored(指导)sevennational-leveltechniqueexpertsandateamof14techniquemasters.Oneofhisstudents,GuoJinpeng,whograduatedfromtheinstitutein2007,becameacollegeteacherattheChengduAutoVocationalandTechnicalSchoolandwasnamedasanationalrolemodelteacherin2019.Li’snominationasoneofthe“2022mostbeautifulteachers”reflectsthatChinaisfocusingontheimportanceofvocationaleducationandaimstofoster(培养)moreleadingpersonnelwiththespiritofcraftsmanshipinthemanufacturingindustry.AtaninternationalvocationalandtechnicaleducationconferenceinTianjinlastmonth,Linotedthatthereisnodifferencebetweenvocationaleducationandordinaryeducation,andvocationaleducationisnotsecondarynorshoulditeverbetreatedaslessthanordinaryeducation.“Vocationaleducationhasthemissionoffosteringaqualityworkforceandtechnicalexpertsforthecountry.Thehardworkingspiritisthekeytobuildinganyordinarypeopleintoleadingpersonnel,”hesaid.Lijoinedtheinstitutein1993andlaterfoundedamachineryengineeringpracticecenter,providingfreetrainingt07,500peopleaweek.In2015,heledateamofteacherstoworkfor40daystorepair124machinetoolsinthecenter.Lihasdevotedhimselftobuildingthecountry’sfirstadditivemanufacturingtechniqueandapplicationcenterattheinstitutetosatisfythethirstforthecountry’shumanresourcesin3Dprinting.4.WhydoestheauthormentionGuoJinpenginparagraph2?A.TomakeacomparisonwithLiJianguo.B.ToshowtheachievementsofLiJianguo.C.Topraisenational-leveltechniqueexperts.D.Topublicizenationalrolemodelteachers.5.WhatisLi’sopinionaboutvocationaleducation?A.Itisagoodwayofwinningawards.B.Itisnotasgoodasordinaryeducation.C.Itshoulddevelopqualifiedandskilledtalents.D.Ithasnothingtodowithhardworkingspirit.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLi’sjobattheinstitute?A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Difficult. D.Creative.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChinaSponsoringAnnualAwardforTeachersB.ChinaAimingtoDevelopMoreLeadingPersonnelC.DifferentEducationTrainingDifferentKindsofStudentsDAVocationalTeachertoBeAwardedasOneofthe“MostBeautifulTeachers”【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了被评为“2022年最美教师”之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出了贡献。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Lihasstoodoutbytakingtheleadinthetrainingofstudentsinvocationalskills,gaininganumberofhonorsincludingbeingnamedasanationalrolemodelteacher.Hehasmentored.sevennational-leveltechniqueexpertsandateamof14techniquemasters.(李老师在学生职业技能培训方面处于领先地位，获得了包括全国模范教师在内的多项荣誉。他是导师。国家级技术专家7人，技术大师14人。)”可推知，作者在第二段提到郭金鹏是为了展示李建国的成就。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Vocationaleducationhasthemissionoffosteringaqualityworkforceandtechnicalexpertsforthecountry.(职业教育的使命是为国家培养高素质的劳动力和技术专家。)”可知，李建国认为职业教育应该培养合格、熟练的人才。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lihasdevotedhimselftobuildingthecountry’sfirstadditivemanufacturingtechniqueandapplicationcenterattheinstitutetosatisfythethirstforthecountry’shumanresourcesin3Dprinting.(为了满足我国在3D打印领域的人力资源需求，李建国致力于在该研究所建设国内首个增材制造技术与应用中心。)”可推知，李建国在学校的工作是有创造性的。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“LiJianguo,a49-ycar-oldteacherattheTianjinVocationalInstitute,issettobenamedasoneofthe“2022mostbeautifulteachers(天津职业学院49岁的教师李建国将被评为“2022年最美教师”之一)”并结合全文信息可知，文章主要介绍了被评为“2022年最美教师”之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出贡献。由此可知，D选项“AVocationalTeachertoBeAwardedasOneofthe“MostBeautifulTeachers”(职业教师被评为“最美教师”)”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。CDefinitionsofadultlearningvary,butitisusuallydefinedasallformsoflearningundertakenbyadultsafterhavingleftinitialeducationandtraining,howeverfarthisprocessmayhavegone.Educationandtrainingareimportantfactorsforachievingthestrategyobjectivesofraisingeconomicgrowth,competitivenessandsocialinclusion.However,withsomeexceptions,theprocessofimplementingeducationandtrainingremainsweak.Mosteducationandtrainingsystemsarestilllargelyfocusedontheeducationandtrainingofyoungpeopleandlimitedprogresshasbeenmadeinchangingsystemstomirrortheneedforlearningthroughoutthelifespan.Anadditional4millionadultswouldneedtoparticipateinlifelonglearning.Recentresearchconfirmstheimportanceofinvestinginadultlearning.Theresearchonadultsindicatesthatthosewhoengageinlearningarehealthier,withaconsequentreductioninhealthcarecosts.ThebigeconomicchallengeinEuropeistoraiseitsgrowthandemploymentperformancewhilepreservingsocialcohesion(凝聚力).Therapidprogressinotherregionsoftheworldshowstheimportanceofcreative,advancedandqualityeducationandtrainingaskeyfactorsofeconomiccompetitiveness.Generallevelsofcompetencemustincrease,bothtomeettheneedsofthelabourmarketandtoallowcitizenstofunctionwellintoday'ssociety.Europeisfacingbigdemographic(人口的)changesthatwillhaveamajorimpactonsocietyandontheeconomyandconsequentlyoneducationandtrainingprovisionandneeds.Overthenext30years,thenumberofyoungerEuropeanswillfallby15%.OneinthreeEuropeanswillbeover60yearsold,andaboutoneintenwillbeover80.Giventhechallengesidentifiedabove,raisingtheoveralllevelofskillsoftheadultpopulationbyofferingmoreandbetterlearningopportunitiesthroughoutadultlifeisimportantforbothefficiencyandequityreasons.Notonlydoeslifelonglearninghelpmakeadultsmoreefficientworkersandmoreactivecitizens,italsocontributestotheirpersonalwell-being.8.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“implementing”inparagraph2?A.Carryingout.B.Takingin.C.Knowingabout.D.Lookingover.9.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A.Adultshavereducedhealthcarecosts.B.Learningisgoodforadults’health.C.Fewadultsneedtoreceivelearning.D.Moreresearchwillfocusonlearning.10.WhatproblemdoesEuropefaceaccordingtothetext?A.Europeansarenothealthy.B.ManyoldEuropeanshavedied.C.TheEuropeanpopulationisaging.D.YoungEuropeansareoutofwork.11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Lifelonglearningisessential.B.Raisingadultpopulationissignificant.C.Weshouldhelpmoreefficientworkers.D.Workcontributestopersonalwell-being.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要介绍了终身教育的好处和推广终身教育的重要性。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文的进一步解释“Mosteducationandtrainingsystemsarestilllargelyfocusedontheeducationandtrainingofyoungpeopleandlimitedprogresshasbeenmadeinchangingsystemstomirrortheneedforlearningthroughoutthelifespan.(大多数教育和培训制度仍然主要侧重于年轻人的教育和培训，在改变制度以反映整个生命周期的学习需求方面进展有限。)”可知，大多数教育系统都在关注年轻人，而关于终身教育的系统却没取得什么进步，即，实施教育和培训的进程仍然薄弱。由此可推知，“implementing”意为“执行，实施”含义，相当于“carryingout”。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Theresearchonadultsindicatesthatthosewhoengageinlearningarehealthier,withaconsequentreductioninhealthcarecosts.(对成年人的研究表明，积极学习的人更健康，因此医疗成本也会降低。)”可知,那些参与学习的成年人更加健康。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Europeisfacingbigdemographicchanges…Overthenext30years,thenumberofyoungerEuropeanswillfallby15%.OneinthreeEuropeanswillbeover60yearsold,andaboutoneintenwillbeover80.(欧洲正面临巨大的人口结构变化……未来30年，欧洲年轻人的数量将下降15%。三分之一的欧洲人将超过60岁，大约十分之一的人将超过80岁。)”可知,未来三十年,欧洲年轻人的数量会减少,而老年人的数量会增多。这表明欧洲正面临人口老龄化问题。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giventhechallengesidentifiedabove,raisingtheoveralllevelofskillsoftheadultpopulationbyofferingmoreandbetterlearningopportunitiesthroughoutadultlifeisimportantforbothefficiencyandequityreasons.Notonlydoeslifelonglearninghelpmakeadultsmoreefficientworkersandmoreactivecitizens,italsocontributestotheirpersonalwell-being.(鉴于上述挑战，通过在整个成人生活中提供更多更好的学习机会来提高成年人的整体技能水平，对效率和公平都很重要。终身学习不仅有助于成年人成为更高效的工作者和更积极的公民，还有助于他们的个人幸福。)”可知，作者想表达终身教育的重要性，终身教育是必不可少的。故选A项。DOurscreensgiveoutallkindsoflight,especiallybluelight.Bluelight,theargumentgoes,canaffectyoureyehealth,yoursleepingpatterns,andyourhealth.Bluelightglasses—technicallytheyshouldbecalled“bluelightblockingglasses”—filterout(过滤)bluelight,lettingintheotherwavelengthsoflight,thustheoreticallyreducingthedangerthatbluelightpresents.Bluelightglassesaredesignedtoreducewhat’sknownasdigitaleyestrain(疲劳),orDES.TherearemanysymptomsassociatedwithDES,includingheadaches,dryeyes,andunclearvision.Howeffectivearebluelightglasses?We’llstartwiththebadnews:thereisnoevidencethatbluelightglasseshaveanyeffectoneyestrainfromdigitalscreens.Infact,oneBritishglassesdealerwasfinedforindicatingthatbluelightglassescanprotectagainstDES,giventhatthere’snoscientificevidenceofthis.What’smorelikelyisthatDESiscausedbyoveruse,ormisuseofeyes.Afterall,thesunisasubstantiallymorepowerfulproviderofbluelightthanourscreens,andithasbeendecidedlyprovedthatDESisn’tassociatedwiththesunatall.ThegeneralagreementisthatDESiscausedbyspendingtoolong,staringtoohard,andsittingtooclosetoourscreens.HealthexpertsgenerallyrecommendtakingbreakstopreventDES,ratherthanrelyingonbluelightglasses.Butthereisonethingthatbluelightglassesmighthelpwith.Somestudieshaveindicatedthatbluelightcanbebadforourcircadianrhythms(生理节奏).Inotherwords,exposuretobluelightcouldmakeithardertofallasleep.Therehaven’tbeenenoughstudiestotellifbluelightglasses,wornforafewhoursbeforebed,couldhelpyousleepbetter,butit’snotoutofthequestion.Thatsaid,thereareinterestingreportsofpeoplelovingtheirbluelightglasses.Evenifit’sjusttheplacebo(安慰剂)effect,thatcanbeincrediblypowerful,andifitworksonyou,keepdoingit.12.WhatcanweknowfromParagraphs1and2?A.Bluelightisbeneficialtohealth. B.It’sadvisabletotakebreakstopreventDES.C.BluelightglassescanprotectagainstDES. D.Bluelightmainlycomesfromthescreens.13.WhatisDESlikelycausedby?A.Poor-qualitysunglasses. B.Improperuseofeyes.C.Theblindingsunlight. D.Thesmallsizeofscreens.14.WhatcanweknowaboutbluelightglassesfromParagraph3?A.Theyreduceeyestrain. B.Theyaffectcircadianrhythms.C.Theymaybehelpfulforsleep. D.Theyhelptoseethingsmoreclearly.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetobluelightglasses?A.Objective. B.Opposed. C.Indifferent. D.Unclear.【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是防蓝光眼镜对缓解数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳可能没用，但可能有助于睡眠。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“HealthexpertsgenerallyrecommendtakingbreakstopreventDES,ratherthanrelyingonbluelightglasses.(健康专家通常建议休息来预防DES，而不是依赖蓝光眼镜。)”可知，建议休息一下以预防DES。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“What’smorelikelyisthatDESiscausedbyoveruse,ormisuseofeyes.Afterall,thesunisasubstantiallymorepowerfulproviderofbluelightthanourscreens,andithasbeendecidedlyprovedthatDESisn’tassociatedwiththesunatall.(更有可能的是，DES是由过度使用或误用眼睛引起的。毕竟，太阳比我们的屏幕提供更强大的蓝光，而且已经明确证明DES与太阳完全无关。)”可知，数字眼疲劳是由使用屏幕时错误的用眼习惯造成的。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Somestudieshaveindicatedthatbluelightcanbebadforourcircadianrhythms(生理节奏).Inotherwords,exposuretobluelightcouldmakeithardertofallasleep.Therehaven’tbeenenoughstudiestotellifbluelightglasses,wornforafewhoursbeforebed,couldhelpyousleepbetter,butit’snotoutofthequestion.(一些研究表明，蓝光对我们的昼夜节律有害。换句话说，暴露在蓝光下会让人更难入睡。目前还没有足够的研究来证明睡前戴上几个小时的蓝光眼镜是否能帮助你睡得更好，但这也不是不可能的。)”可知，蓝光眼镜可能有助于睡眠。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“We’llstartwiththebadnews:thereisnoevidencethatbluelightglasseshaveanyeffectoneyestrainfromdigitalscreens.(我们从坏消息开始：没有证据表明蓝光眼镜对数字屏幕造成的眼疲劳有任何影响。)”及最后一段的“Evenifit’sjusttheplacebo(安慰剂)effect,thatcanbeincrediblypowerful,andifitworksonyou,keepdoingit.(即使这只是安慰剂效应，它也会非常强大，如果它对你有效，那就继续做下去。)”可知，作者既陈述了蓝光眼镜可能真的没什么用，但是也认为如果自己觉得有用也可以继续戴，因此作者对于蓝光眼镜持客观的态度。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.____16____Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork?Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksalallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.____17____Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.___18___Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.____19____Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.___20___Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.E20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．【16题详解】根据前文becausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项“然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。【17题详解】根据前文Risk-takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。【18题详解】根据前文Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。【19题详解】根据前文scientistssaythatyourWillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。【20题详解】根据下文Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作”承接下文。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnedayIwasapproachingseveralmassivecreatureswhenIcametoasuddenstop.Itwaswellbeyondmethatthesehugeanimalsshouldbelimitedbyonlysomeropes.Itwas____21____thattheanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs.However,_____22_____,theydidnot.Ispotteda____23____closebyandwonderedwhytheelephantsjust____24____wheretheywereandhadnointentiontobreakaway.“Well,”hereplied,“asthey’revery_____25_____wetiethemwiththesame____26____ropeandit’senoughto____27____themfortheirage.Astheygrowup,they’re_____28_____toholdthebeliefthattheycanneverrunaway.Theythinktheropesareboundto_____29_____holdthem,sotheydonotstruggletobreakfree.”Iwas____30____.Thelargeanimalscouldeasilymoveawayfromtheir_____31_____buttheyfelttheycouldn’t,sotheywere_____32_____rightthere.Inourlifeanumberofpeopleare_____33_____withthesamewrongself-limitingbelief—I’mnotexcellentenoughorwhytryitifI’mnotgoingto____34____it.However,weoughtn’tto____35____ourcapability,talentandpotential.Instead,weshouldbelieveinourselves.Afterall,weneedtochangewiththetimesandthinkoutsidethebox.21.A.important B.obvious C.necessary D.hopeful22.A.atthattime B.fromthenon C.inthatcase D.forsomereason23.A.trainer B.teacher C.doctor D.businessman24.A.slept B.ate C.stood D.relaxed25.A.thin B.young C.weak D.ill26.A.size B.color C.style D.length27.A.attract B.train C.cheat D.hold28.A.encouraged B.conditioned C.taught D.forced29.A.still B.even C.just D.hardly30.A.thrilled B.interested C.shocked D.disappointed31.A.owners B.thoughts C.habitats D.bonds32.A.stuck B.killed C.sold D.fed33.A.laughedat B.toldoff C.broughtup D.reliedon34.A.mean B.catch C.get D.make35.A.control B.underestimate C.ignore D.develop【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者看到大象被细绳绑住但不逃脱的原因的解释，提到了生活中也有一些类似的人，他们低估自己的能力、才能和潜力，认为自己不会成功。最终作者说明，我们应该相信自己，需要与时俱进，跳出思维定势。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，这些动物可以很容易地从绑在它们前腿上的这些细绳子中逃脱。A.important重要的；B.obvious显而易见的；C.necessary必需的；D.hopeful有希望的。根据前文“thesehugeanimalsshouldbelimitedbyonlysomeropes”可知，对于大型动物而言，轻松地从束缚它们的细绳逃脱是显而易见的。故选B。【22题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：然而，因为某种原因，他们没有。A.atthattime当时；B.fromthenon从那之后；C.inthatcase假如那样的话；D.forsomereason因为某种原因。结合前文“theanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs”及“theydidnot”可知，这些大型动物摆脱束缚它们脚地绳子很容易，然而它们没有，所以这里指不知什么原因，故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现一位驯象师就在附近，不明白为什么大象只是站在原地，没有打算逃跑。A.trainer训练员；驯兽师；B.teacher老师；C.doctor医生；D.businessman商人。结合下文作者向该人询问动物不逃走的原因，可推知该人是熟悉动物知识的人，应当是动物园中的驯兽师。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现一位驯象师就在附近，不明白为什么大象只是站在原地，没有打算逃跑。A.slept睡觉；B.ate吃；C.stood站立；D.relaxed放松。结合下文“hadnointentiontobreakaway”可知，此处指大象仅仅站在自己被拴住的地方。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“好吧,”他回答说，“因为它们很小，我们用同样大小的绳子把它们绑起来，这样在它们长大后就足够绑住它们了。”A.thin瘦的；B.young小的；年轻的；C.weak虚弱的；D.ill生病的。结合下文“Astheygrowup”可知，此处指当它们还小的时候，它们就被用同样的绳子绑起来。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.size大小；尺寸；B.color颜色；C.style风格；样式；D.length长度。结合前文“smallropes”可知，这里指绳子的型号，尺寸。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.attract吸引；B.train培训；C.cheat欺骗；D.hold扣留。根据下文“holdthem”可知，此处指这些绳子可以绑住它们。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着他们的成长，它们习惯于坚信自己永远不会逃跑。A.encouraged鼓励；B.conditioned使习惯于；C.taught教导；D.forced迫使。根据前文可知，在大象小的时候，它们就被用绳索绑住，所以到它们长大后，它们就习惯了自己永远无法逃走的想法。短语：beconditionedtodo“习惯于做某事”，故选B。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们认为绳子一定仍然会绑住他们，所以它们不会挣扎着挣脱。A.still仍旧；B.even甚至；C.just恰好；D.hardly几乎不。根据前文“holdthebeliefthattheycanneverrunaway”可知，大象小时候被绳子束缚着，所以它们长大后认为，绳子依然会束缚住它们。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很震惊。A.thrilled激动的；B.interested感兴趣的；C.shocked震惊的；D.disappointed失望的。结合前文驯兽员给作者讲大象不逃脱的原因，作者应该是感到吃惊的。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大型动物可以很容易地摆脱它们的束缚，但是它们觉得它们不能，所以它们被困在了那里。A.owners主人；拥有者；B.thoughts想法；C.habitats栖息地；D.bonds绳索；镣铐。过根据前文“theanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs”可知，此处指这些大型动物可以很轻松地摆脱绳子地束缚，故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大型动物可以很容易地摆脱它们的束缚，但是它们觉得它们不能，所以它们被困在了那里。A.stuck困住；B.killed杀死；C.sold出售；D.fed饲养。根据前文“hadnointentiontobreakaway”可知，它们没有打算逃走，说明它们应该是被困在原地。故选A。【33题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：在我们的生活中，有许多人都是带着同样错误的自我限制信念长大的——我不够优秀，或者如果我不能成功，为什么要尝试呢?A.laughedat嘲笑；B.toldoff斥责；C.broughtup抚养；D.reliedon依赖。结合前文讲述大象被绳子束缚的事实，可知此处指我们中的许多人也像大象那样被抚养长大。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的生活中，有许多人都是带着同样错误的自我限制信念长大的——我不够优秀，或者如果我不能成功，为什么要尝试呢?A.mean表示……含义；B.catch抓住；C.get得到；D.make使得。结合前文大象认为它们无法逃脱束缚它们的绳子，所以也不尝试，自然无法摆脱，只能被困在原地。此处指不能成功，为什么要尝试呢？短语：makeit“成功”，故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们不应该低估我们的能力、才能和潜力。A.control控制；B.underestimate低估；C.ignore忽视；D.develop发展。根据前文“I’mnotexcellentenough”可知，我们认为我们不够优秀，这是对我们自己能力的低估。故选B。第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。YoungChineseconsumersarebecomingfansofhome-madebrandsandturningtheirbackonforeignproducts.Accordingtoa