2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期中英语试卷

第1页（共1页）2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期中英语试卷GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．HowMuch？UnderstandingOpportunityCostDecisions，decisions!Everydaywecomeacrosssituationsin（1）wehavetomakeachoice.Economistshavelongrealizedthatwhenwemakedecision，weareconsideringourunlimitedwants（2）limitedtime，money，services，andopportunities.（3）wechoose，wenotonlyhavetothinkaboutthecostofoneitemwecanhavenow，butwemusttakeintoaccountthethingwehavetogiveup.Economistscallthis"opportunitycost，"andyoudon'thavetohaveaPhDineconomics（4）（benefit）fromknowinghowtheconceptworksandnowitcanimproveourlifechoices.Asimplechoicebetweenbuyingadinnerinanexpensiverestaurantandata（5）（affordable）foodstandcanillustrateopportunitycost.Themoneyyouspendonthehigh﹣classrestaurantmealiscertaintobemorethanthe（6）atafoodstand.Ifyouchoosetherestaurant，youwillenjoyagoodmealandtheenjoymentoffinedining.However，theextramoneyspentonthemealcomparedtothefoodfromthefoodstand（7）（lose）.Yousacrificecheapermealforacostlierone.Thisisanexampleof"opportunitycost."（8）yougotocollege？Thatwouldtakeatleastfouryearsplustheexpensesfortuition，books，andothersupplies.Duringthattimeyouwouldprobablynotbeearninganymoney.Thelostopportunityofearningmoneyisyouropportunitycostofobtaining（9）collegedegree.Beforeyoumakeyournextpurchase，whetherforahouse，car，collegedegree，orjustcoffee，consider（10）youmustgiveuptomakethatpurchase.SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2．A.naturalB.substitutingC.stableD.disappearE.pieceF.transformingG.returnedH.regrowthI.habitatsJ.flatK.pulledFireThatWasStarted92，000YearsAgoHumanareactivelychanginglandscapesacrosstheglobe，butshapingecosystemsisnotjustamodernactivity.AnanalysisofthenorthernshoresofEastAfrica'sLakeMalawirevealsancientinhabitantsusedfire92，000yearsagotopreventforest（1）.TheseStoneAgehumansburnedforesttomakeroomforagrowingpopulation.TheYale﹣ledstudydiscoveredsettlementsinthearea，alongwithcharcoaldepositsinthecoreofthelake，allowingresearchersto（2）thestorytogether.JessicaThompson，thepaper'sleadauthor，said："ThisistheearliestevidenceIhaveseenofhumans（3）theirecosystemwithfire.ItsuggeststhatbytheLatePleistocene（晚更新世），humanswerelearningtousefireintrulynewways.Theworkbeganin2018.ResearchersfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminedfossils，pollen（花粉）andminerals（4）fromthebottomofthelake.Theanalysisshowedenvironmentchangesthatcouldnotbeexplainedwith（5）factors.Normallyforestalongthelakeshore（6）duringdryperiodsandrecoverwhenthelakereachesnormallevels.Buthereresearchersdiscoveredthatwhenwetterperiods（7）andwaterlevelsbecamenormal，forestsalongtheshoredidnotrecover，andthespeciesrichnesswent（8）SarahIvoryfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversitysaid："Thepollenthatweseeinthismostrecentperiodof（9）climateisverydifferentthanbefore.Specifically，treesarenolongercommonandarereplacedbypollenfromplantsthatdealwellwithfrequentfire."It'snotclearwhypeoplewereburningthelandscape.It'spossiblethattheywereexperimentingwithcontrolledburnstoproduce（10）.Itcouldbethattheirfiresburnedoutofcontrol，orthatthereweresimplealotofpeopleburningfuelintheirenvironmentthatprovidedforwarmth，cooking，orsocialization.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections：Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage，therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.3．DealingwithDigitalShameSomeargueshamecanbeaforcefultoolforchange.Butwhenit'sweaponizedagainstothersin（1）digitalspaces，thesesamestrategiescanturnintohurtfulbehaviours，likecyberbullyingandonlineharassment（骚扰）.Gettingcalledout，insultedorbulliedisn'texactly（2）.ButtheInternet'sabilitytostrengthenandpermanently（3）thosemessagesis.Andthistoolisnowinthehandsofmostyoungpeople.Here'showexpertsrecommendguidingkidsandteensthroughthisdigitallandscape.1.Thinkbeforeyoupost.Inthedigitalage，whatwesharecanbecome（4）.It'salsoawayof（5）ourselvestoothers，sayswebsafetyexpertNancyWillard.（6），considerwhatyoursocialmediafootprintsaysaboutyou."Writedownthekeywordsthatyouwouldlikeotherpeopletousewhentheydescribeyou，"Willardsays."Then，whenyou're（7）something，[askyourself]，'Doesthatreflectthosequalities？'"2.Workthroughscenarios（可能场景）inadvance．Ifsomeoneattacksyouonline，saysJustinW.Patching，co﹣directoroftheCyberbullyingResearchCentre，youmightfeelthedesire﹣﹣eventheneedtorespond.Instead，parentsshouldconsiderhelpingtheirkids（8）suchsituationsbeforehand."Giventhemasituation，"hesays，"tojustpracticethoseskillsof（9）ormakingajokeofit."3.Stopandstaycalm.It'seasyforadelicatedigitalargumenttomakeyourbloodboil."Ifyou'reupset，realizethatthethreat（10）centreofyourbrainhastakenover，"Willardsays."Unfortunately，whenthishappens，youremotional（11）andyourthinkingcentresgooffline."Buttherearewaystoremaincool.Takesomedeepbreaths.Stepawayfromthekeyboard.Goforawalkoutside.4.Putyourselfintheotherperson'sshoes.Ifyou'rebeingbelittledonline，itmaysaymoreabouttheotherpersonthanitdoesaboutyou，sayspsychologistSherryTurkle."Ifyoucankeepthatinmind，"shesays，"thenthewholeexperiencewillseemless（12）toyou，emotionally."5.Empoweryourselfwithtools.Ifyoufindyourselfbeingcyberbullied，oftenthetechitselfcanprovideanumberofsimplewaystorespond：Blockingthe（13）.Reportinghurtfulexchanges.Takingscreenshots.Savingmessagethreads.Havingthat（14）canhelpifthebehavioursdoescalatebeyondonehurtfuloffensetorepeated，long﹣standingharassment.It'saloteasierforauthoritiestogetinvolvedwhentheycansee（15）what'sgoingon.（1）A.storedB.sharedC.shiftedD.secured（2）A.localB.trueC.easyD.new（3）A.documentB.defineC.distractD.dominate（4）A.internalB.relevantC.permanentD.virtual（5）A.presentingB.adjustingC.restrictingD.devoting（6）A.IncontrastB.InshortC.InfactD.Intheend（7）A.printingB.pilingC.postingD.passing（8）A.substituteforB.appealtoC.recoverfromD.preparefor（9）A.ignoringB.isolatingC.imitatingD.identifying（10）A.responseB.reviewC.reliefD.reserve（11）A.integrationB.regulationC.modificationD.interruption（12）A.conflictingB.confusingC.convincingD.comforting（13）A.offenderB.strangerC.sponsorD.partner（14）A.feedbackB.resourceC.inquiryD.evidence（15）A.equallyB.eagerlyC.exactlyD.extremelySectionBDirections：Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.4．A47﹣year﹣oldFrenchmanhadanunfortunateexperiencewhilewalkingaroundCannes.Hereheistotellusallaboutit.TheBlackHoleIworkinthephilosophydepartmentattheuniversity.Justlastweek，Ihadsomedrinkswithsomefriendsinabar.Afterafewglassesofwine，butnottoomany，mindyou，Ifelt.Itwasaboutsixintheevening，anditwasstartingtogetdark.Ithadbeenrainingheavilythepastfewdays，butthatnightitwaspleasantsoIdecidedtowalkhome.However，I'djustturnedthecornerintomystreetwhenallofasudden，"whoosh"，Ifelldownanuncoveredmanhole.FlyingItwasanincredibleexperience.ItwasasifIwasflyingthroughtheair.Icouldfeelthecold，wetsidesofthedrain.Eventuallymybackwasrubbingalongtheside，until"splash"，Ifellintoapoolofrunningwater.AWaterRideNowIwasmovingquitefast.Thecurrentwasverystrong﹣﹣Iguessitwasbecauseofalltheheavyrainthathadfloodedthedrain.Luckilythewaterwasn'tverydeepsoIcouldkeepmyheadabovewater.TherewasnothingIcoulddo，soIlayback，withmyhandsbehindmyhead，asifIwasonslideinawaterpark，andjustletmyselfgo.Itwasquitepleasantreally，exceptfortheoccasionalmouthfulofsickeningwater，andahorriblesmell.Whenwasitgoingtoend？Iwasabouttofindout.TheEndoftheOrdealAllofasudden，Icouldseealightattheendofthetunnel.Itstartedoffquitesmall，butthenitgotbiggerandbigger.AfewsecondslaterIwasshotupviolentlyoutofthedrain，andontothebeach，rightbelowtheluxuriousMajesticHotel.Ilaythereforafewsecond，shaken，butunharmed.ThenIpickedmyselfup，walkeduptothehotelandtoldthemwhathadhappened.Ofcourse，atfirstitwashardtoconvincethemthatthisdirty，wetmiddle﹣agedmanwithahorriblesmellonhimwasinfactadignifieduniversityprofessor.Anyway，theyeventuallybelievedmeandallowedmetocleanmyselfinoneoftherooms.RecoveryMiraculously，Iwasuninjuredaftermy30﹣minutesride.Iamcurrentlyintheprocessofchargingthelocalcouncilwithfailingtowarnthepublicabouttheunmarkedmanhole.Meanwhile，thetownmayorhasblamed"unusuallystrongrainfall"forthesituation.（1）Whydidthemanfallintotomanhole？A.Hewaswalkingtoofast.B.Hehaddrunktoomuchwine.C.Themanholewasuncovered.D.Theheavyrainblockedhisvision.（2）Theunderlinedword"ordeal"probablymeans.A.sufferingB.spinningC.overflowD.offence（3）Whatcanbelearnedabouttheman？A.Heblamedhismisfortuneontheunusuallyheavyrain.B.Hewasluckyenoughtogespottedbyahotelemployee.C.Hehadtoswimagainstthestrongcurrenttosurvive.D.Heisengagedinalegalcaseagainstthelocalauthorities.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle？A.AFrenchman'sNightEncounterB.ARidedowntheDrainC.WatchoutforHiddenDangersD.DefendOne'sDignityinToughSituations5．Wouldyouliketomakeourreaderssmile？Enterthisfunnystory﹣writingcompetitionandyoucouldseeyourstoryprintedinTheWeekJuniorandpublishedinaspecialdownloadablebook.Thingscanfeelquitestrangeandseriousatthemoment.Sometimesweallneedabreakfromrealitytoescapeintoastorythatmakesuslaughoutloud.That'swhereyoucomein.GuyBass（authorofStitchHeadandSkeletonKeys）wantyoutogivehimthegiggles.Usuallyit'sGuy'sjobtomakehisreaderslaugh，butnowhe'sturningthetablesashesearchersforthefunniestyoungwriterswhocangivehimAWRITELAUGH.He'slookingforninefunnystorieswrittenbychildrenagedfromfiveto13，topublishinaspecialbook.WhatyouwinTherearethreeagecategories：5﹣7years，8﹣10years，and11﹣13years.Therewillbeafirst，secondandthird﹣placedwinnerineachcategory.TheWeekJunior'seditorialteamwillbeselectingoneofthewinningstoriestopublishinthemagazine.Eachoftheninewinnerswillhavetheirstoryincludedinaspeciale﹣bookthatwillbeavailableonline.Alsoupforgrabsarestacksoffunnybooks，andayear'ssubscriptiontoTheWeekJuniormagazinefortheoverallwinner.HOWTOENTERStoriesshouldbenomorethan500wordslong.Theycanbeonanytopic，buttheymustmakethejudgeslaughoutloud.Askaparentorguardiantosendyourentrytoawritelaugh@littletiger.co.ukDon'tforgettoincludeyournameandage.Beforeyouenterthecompetition，makesureyourparentorguardianhasreadthetermsandconditions.ThedosingdateforentriesismidnightonFriday31December.Notsurewheretostart？Guyhasaskedlotsofhisauthorfriendstosupplyhintsandtipstohelpgetyourcreativejuicesflowing.Visit/masterclasses/awritelaughtowatchvideofromGuyBass，LizPichon，A.F.Harrold，SwapnaHaddowandmanymore!*Team&Conditions：AWriteLaugh（the"Competition"）isorganizedbytheLittleTigerGroup.Toviewthefulltermsandconditionsandrulesforentrypleasegotolittetiger.co.uk/a﹣write﹣laughPrivacy：Anypersonaldatarelatingtoentrantswillnotbedisclosedtothirdpartywithouttheindividual'spermission.Wewillonlyusetheinformationyouprovidetodetermineyouradmissibilityandtocontactyouinrelationtoyourentry.DatarelatingtoentrantswillbekeptbyLittleTigerGroupforareasonableperiodoftimeafterthecompetitioncloses，toassistLittleTigerGrouptooperatethecompetitioninasteadymannerandtodealwithanyinquiriesonthecompetition.（1）Toenterthecompetition，theentrantsmust.A.sendhis/herstorytoawritelaugh@littletiger.co.ukB.handinhis/herentryonFriday31DecemberC.useideasfrom/masterclasses/awritelaughD.writeashortfunnystoryonthetopicgivenbyGuyBass（2）Whataretheprizesforthewinners？A.Allthefirst﹣placedwinners'storieswillbepublishedinTheWeekJunior.B.Thewinnerswillseetheirstoriesincludedinane﹣book.C.Thewinnerswillhavethechancetotalkwithfamousauthors.D.ThewinnerscansubscribetoTheWeekJunioratadiscount.（3）Accordingtothetermsandconditions，.A.personaldatawon'tbedisclosedunderanycircumstanceB.LittleTigerGroupownsthecopyrightonallthestoriesC.personaldatawillbeusedinrelationtothecompetitionD.LitterTigerGroupwillremovealldatarightafterthecompetition6．Youcantellalotaboutpeople'sgeneralstateofmindbasedontheirsocialmediafeeds.Aretheyalwaystweeting（发微博）abouttheirbiggestannoyancesorpostingpicturesofparticularlycutekitties？Inasimilarfashion，researchersareturningtoTwitterforcluesabouttheoverallhappinessofentiregeographiccommunities.Whatthey'refindingisthatregionalvariationintheuseofcommonphrasesproducespredictionsthatdon'talwaysreflectthelocalstateofwellbeing.Butremovingfromtheiranalysesjustthreespecificterms﹣﹣good，loveandLOL﹣greatlyimprovestheaccuracyofthemethods."We'relivinginacrazyCOVID﹣19era.Andnowmorethanever，we'reusingsocialmediatoadapttoanewnormalandreachouttothefriendsandfamilythatwecan'tmeetface﹣to﹣face."KokilJaidkastudiescomputationallinguisticsattheNationalUniversityofSingapore."Butourwordsaren'tusefuljusttounderstandwhatwe，asindividuals，thinkandfeel.They'realsousefulcluesaboutthecommunitywelivein."Oneofthesimplermethodsthatmanyscientistsusetoanalyzethedatainvolvescorrelatingwordswithpositiveornegativeemotions.Butwhenthoserecordsarecomparedwithphonesurveysthatassessregionalwell﹣being，Jaidkasays，theydon'tpaintanaccuratepictureofthelocalzeitgeist（时代精神）.Beingabletogetanaccuratereadonthemoodofthepopulationisnolaughingmatter."That'sparticularlyimportantnow，inthetimeofCOVID，wherewe'reexpectingamentalhealthcrisisandwe'realreadyseeinginsurveydatathelargestdecreaseinsubjectivewell﹣beingin10yearsatleast，ifnotever."Tofindoutwhy，JaidkaandherteamanalyzedbillionsoftweetsfromaroundtheUnitedStates.AndtheyfoundthatamongthemostfrequentlyusedtermsonTwitterareLOL，loveandgood.Andtheyactuallythrowtheanalysisoff.Whythedisconnect？"Internetlanguageisreallyadifferentbeastthanregularspokenlanguage.We'veadaptedwordsfromtheEnglishvocabularytomeandifferentthingsindifferentsituations."saysJaidka."Take，forexample，LOL.I'vetweetedthewordLOLtoexpressirony，annoyanceandsometimesjustpuresurprise.WhenthemethodsformeasuringLOLasamarkerofhappinesswerecreatedinthe1990s，itstillmeantlaughingoutloud.""Thereareplentyoftermsthatarelessmisleading，"saysJaidka."Ourmodelstellusthatwordslikeexcited，fun，great，opportunity，interesting，fantasticandthosearebetterwordsformeasuringsubjectivewell﹣being."（1）Theresearchersturntosocialmediafeedsto.A.helpwiththeanalysisofpeople'ssubjectivewell﹣beingB.locatethemost﹣frequentlyusedwordsC.provethedisconnectbetweenlanguageandemotionsD.makethepredictionmethodmoreeffective（2）Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytofillintheblank"Fantastic!".A.Howcomehecanaffordsuchaluxurycar？B.I'veleftthebookonthebusagain.C.Agoodmovie，definitelyworthseeing!D.WhydoIhavetodothechoresagain？（3）HowdidJaidkaknowtheanalysiswasn'taccurate？A.Itdidn'treflectthemoodoftheentiregeographiccommunity.B.Itdidn'tmatchtheassessmentresultofthephonesurveys.C.Itdidn'tconsiderthefeaturesofInternetlanguage.D.Itdidn'ttaketheregionalvariationsintoaccount.（4）WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJaidkamostprobablyagreewith？A.Face﹣to﹣facecommunicationisneededtoensurehappiness.B.Internetuseistoblameforthedecreaseinsubjectivewell﹣being.C.Internetlanguageshouldbeabandonedasasourceofscientificanalysis.D.Lessmisleadingwordsshouldbeusedinassessingsubjectivewell﹣being.SectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.7．NotAllWasteHastoGotoWasteMostoftheworld's2.22billiontonsofannualtrashendsupinlandfillsoropendumps.VeenaSahajwalla，amaterialsscientistandengineerattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinSydney，Australia，hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem：wastemicrofactories.Therelittletrashprocessors﹣﹣someassmallas500squarefeet﹣﹣houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththenewtechnology.（1）Sahajwallalaunchedtheworld'sfirstwastemicrofactorytargetingelectronicwaste，ore﹣waste，in2018inSydney.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now，herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedmicrofactorytechnology.（2）Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation，avoidingthelong，ofteninternational，high﹣emissiontreksbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory，gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials，extractelementsandproducenewproducts.（3）Herinventionevolvesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent."Thekidsdon'tlookliketheparents，"shesays.Forexample，themicrofactorycanbreakdownoldsmartphonesandcomputermonitorsandextractsilica（fromtheglass）andcarbon（fromtheplasticcasing），andthencombinethemtogether.Thisgeneratesacommonmaterialwithmanyindustrialuses.（4）In2019，just17.4percentofe﹣wastewasrecycled，sotheyabilitytore﹣formoffersacrucialnewdevelopmentinthechallengerecyclingcomplexelectronicdevices."[We]candosomuchmorewithmaterials，"saysSahajwalla.A.Traditionalrecyclinghasnotworkedforeveryrecyclingchallenge，especiallytherecyclingof，e﹣waste.B.Shesaysthesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateon，renewableenergy，unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.C.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas"thefourthR"，adding"re﹣form"tothecommonphrase，"reduce，reuse，recycle."D.Electronicscontainsvariouspoisonouschemicalsandmaterialsthatarereleasedintothe，environmentiftheyarenotdealtwithproperly.E.Thenewall﹣in﹣oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.F.Traditionally，recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts﹣﹣likemelting，downplastictomakemoreplasticthings.SummaryWriting8．Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BirdsongandMentalHealthPeopleoftenturntonatureasahealthywaytocopewithstress.Peoplealsoconsideritrelaxingtolistentoaudiorecordingsofrunningwater，wavesorsingingbirds.Soundcanhaveanextensiveeffectonoursenseofwell﹣being.Accordingly，scientistshavelongsoughttounderstandtheeffectsofcertainsoundsonpeople.Inarecentstudy，scientistsevaluatedtheeffectthathearingbirdsonghadonhikers.Theymonitoredanumberofhikingtrailsinapublicparkwithaudiorecordingdevices.Thishelpedthemcreateabirdcountinthearea.Theythensurveyedvisitorstothosetrailsabouttheirimpressionofbirddiversity.Theyalsoaskedforareportonthevisitors'senseofwell﹣being.Thenextpartofthestudytookplaceonthesametrails.Butthescientistsusedhiddenspeakerstoplayrecordingsofbirdssinging.Thatgavetheimpressionthatthereweremorebirdsinthearea.Theythensurveyedvisitorswhohadheardtherecordings.Theresultsofthestudyindicatedthattherewasadirectrelationshipbetweenhearingbirdsongandanincreasedsenseofwell﹣being.Thisresultbuildsonpriorinvestigationsintotheeffectsoflisteningtorecordingsofnaturalsoundsonpeople.Thosestudieshaveshownthatrecordingsofnaturalsoundscanhelpwithstressreliefandtheabilitytofocus.However，thereasonbehindthebenefitisnottotallyclear.Perhapslisteningtobirdsongisconnectedtoasenseofcalm.Afterall，weencounterbirdsonginthepeacefulpartofthemorningorfollowingastorm.Oritmightrelatetoasenseofsafetyprojectedbysingingbirds.Theysingwhentherearenopredatorsnearby.Whateverthereason，listeningtobirdsongcanimproveourmentalhealth.Theauthorsofthehikingstudyhadaninterestingobservation.Itwastheperceptionofbeinginnaturewithadiversityofsingingbirdsthathelped.Therefore，theysuggestedthatparkmanagersencouragevisitorstoenjoynaturequietlyasthatprovidedthegreatestbenefit.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．成功人士对进步的定义是距离目标达成又近了一步。（define）10．原来火灾是由天花板上外露的电线引起的。（turnout）11．对他们来说，最重要的是知道自己一直在无怨无悔为推广国产品牌而奋斗。（What）12．在这个游客罕至的被叫做现代桃花源的古老村落待的时间越长，他们就越着迷于当地人独特的生活方式。（fascinate）GuidedWriting13．Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设最近你所在学校颁布了一项新举措，即"教师不得在手机上布置作业或要求学生利用手机完成作业"。与此同时，在700名师生中展开了广泛调查，结果如下。请就校方这一新措举发表你的看法，并说明理由。态度赞许不赞许无所谓比例85%9%5%

2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期中英语试卷参考答案与试题解析GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．HowMuch？UnderstandingOpportunityCostDecisions，decisions!Everydaywecomeacrosssituationsin（1）whichwehavetomakeachoice.Economistshavelongrealizedthatwhenwemakedecision，weareconsideringourunlimitedwants（2）againstlimitedtime，money，services，andopportunities.（3）Everytime/Whenwechoose，wenotonlyhavetothinkaboutthecostofoneitemwecanhavenow，butwemusttakeintoaccountthethingwehavetogiveup.Economistscallthis"opportunitycost，"andyoudon'thavetohaveaPhDineconomics（4）tobenefit（benefit）fromknowinghowtheconceptworksandnowitcanimproveourlifechoices.Asimplechoicebetweenbuyingadinnerinanexpensiverestaurantandata（5）moreaffordable（affordable）foodstandcanillustrateopportunitycost.Themoneyyouspendonthehigh﹣classrestaurantmealiscertaintobemorethanthe（6）oneatafoodstand.Ifyouchoosetherestaurant，youwillenjoyagoodmealandtheenjoymentoffinedining.However，theextramoneyspentonthemealcomparedtothefoodfromthefoodstand（7）willbelost（lose）.Yousacrificecheapermealforacostlierone.Thisisanexampleof"opportunitycost."（8）Shouldyougotocollege？Thatwouldtakeatleastfouryearsplustheexpensesfortuition，books，andothersupplies.Duringthattimeyouwouldprobablynotbeearninganymoney.Thelostopportunityofearningmoneyisyouropportunitycostofobtaining（9）acollegedegree.Beforeyoumakeyournextpurchase，whetherforahouse，car，collegedegree，orjustcoffee，consider（10）whatyoumustgiveuptomakethatpurchase.【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了经济学中的机会成本的概念，并用买饭和上大学这两个例子进行阐释说明，提醒人们在做购买决定时要更加理性。【解答】（1）which.考查定语从句。句意：我们每天都会遇见我们不得不做出选择的情况/形势。根据situation"情况，形势"作先行词时定语从句的关系词应该使用inwhich或where，题干中已经给出了in，故填which。（2）against.考查介词。句意：我们总是拿我们无限的欲望来对抗有限的时间、金钱、服务以及机遇。根据句意可知"无限的欲望"和"有限的资源"之间存在对照/博弈关系，故填against。（3）Everytime/When.考查连词。句意：我们每次在进行选择时，我们不仅要考虑我们当前所拥有的某样东西的成本，我们还要考虑我们不得不放弃的东西。根据逗号前的主谓结构可知前面为一个句子且为从句，根据句意可知是时间状语从句，可以填入连接词"when"，若要强调"每一次"的概念也可以填入"everytime"，故填Everytime/When。（4）tobenefit.考查不定式。句意：并且你不需要拥有一个经济学博士学位，来使你从了解这个概念是如何运作的中获益，现在这可以改善我们的人生选择。根据句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填tobenefit。（5）moreaffordable.考查形容词比较级。句意：一个简单的关于是在一个昂贵的餐馆买晚饭还是在一个更加负担得起的食品摊买饭就阐释了机会成本。根据句意是在昂贵的和便宜一些的餐馆间做选择，故需要用到形容此形容词的比较级，故填moreaffordable。（6）one.考查代词。句意：你在一个高级餐厅花的钱当然会比在一个食品摊上花的那份钱多。根据句意可知，"花的钱"是这个句子中重复的部分，根据英文一般忌重复的原则，后一次重复需要用到代词，one原则上不可以替代不可数名词，如果名词用一份等词量化时则可以，故填one。（7）willbelost.考查时态语态。句意：如果你选择了餐馆，你会享受到好的饭菜和很棒的就用乐趣，然而，与食品摊位相比，你在你在餐馆额外花的钱将会失去。根据句意此句仍承接前句的假设，故主句仍需要用到将来时态，又因为钱做主语，则需要用到被动语态，故填willbelost。（8）Should.考查情态动词。句意：你应该去读大学吗？根据本段大部分内容是在分析读大学的成本和收获可知，此处提出问题要不要读大学，故填Should。（9）a.考查冠词。句意：你所失去的赚钱的机会就是你去获取大学学位的机会成本。显然，Degree"学位"为可数名词，又因为此处为泛指概念，故填a。（10）what.考查宾语从句。句意：在你做出你的下一次购买决定前，无论是买房、车、大学学位还是咖啡，考虑为了这次购买你必须要放弃的东西。祈使句中动词consider后面为宾语从句，从句中的空缺处充当宾语且有意义，表示"……的东西"，故填what。【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2．A.naturalB.substitutingC.stableD.disappearE.pieceF.transformingG.returnedH.regrowthI.habitatsJ.flatK.pulledFireThatWasStarted92，000YearsAgoHumanareactivelychanginglandscapesacrossthe