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考研常考易词汇辨abandondesertleavegiveup“放弃”abandonv.强调或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。Thestudyshowedadeepfearamongtheelderlyofbeingabandonedtothecareofstrangers.研Shewasdesertedbyherhusband.Mysecretaryhasthreatenedtoleave.我的以辞职相要挟。giveup普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。Theygaveupwithoutafight.他們不战而降。abideadhereconformcomply“遵守”abidev.后接by表示“遵守,同意”。Cardriversmustadheretotherulesofdriving.汽车必须遵守驾驶规则Allindividualsarerequiredtoconformtothelawsmadebytheirernments.每个人都应该遵Ourcomplieswithernmentalregulationsonpayingtaxes.我们公司遵守有关纳Weaimtohelpthelessableinsocietytoleadanindependentlife.我們的是帮助社会上能I'mperfectlycapableofngitmyself,thankyou.谢谢,我完全有能力自己做这项工作He'sverycompetentinhiswork.abolishcanceleliminatedisposeerase,excludeextinguish都有“取消,除掉”的意思。abolishv.指对法律、习俗、制度的;完全破坏。cancelv.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消;删去(字、句)。Themeetinghasbeencancelledbecauseoftheflu.会议由于流感而取消了。Thelosingteamwaseliminatedfromfurthercompetition.失利的那个队被淘汰了,不能参Afteryour ic,pleasedisposeofthelitter.野餐后请清除掉。Ierasedthemusiconthetapebeforerecordingonthetapeagain.我在往磁带上之前先Therestaurantexcludesanyonewhoisnotproperlydressedfromentering.衣冠不整者不得extinguishv.熄灭,扑灭(火);使沉默,使暗淡。Firefightersextinguishedabigfire.消防队员扑灭了大火。Therewasanabsurdideathattheearthwasflatandmotionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点Itisridiculoustojudgeaforeigncultureonlybyitsfood.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价sillya.愚蠢的,傻的,指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。asillylittleboy傻小子abundanta数量)充足的,常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等,含有“过多”之意。Oilisinabundantsupplyinthiscountry.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。Therewasampletimetogettotheairport.plentifula.丰富的,充足的,常用于食物、收获、财产等,不能用于时间、空间、思想等方theYorkshiredialect约克郡方言theSichuandialectaccessassess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。accessn.接近,进入。Thepeoplelivingintheseapartmentshaveaccesstothatswimmingpool.住在这些公寓Iassessedhowmuchitwouldcosttobuildanewapartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓 ,event,occurrence,happening这些名词均有“事故、”之意Ididn'tmeantobreakititwasanaccident.我不是故意打碎它的——这是个意外。既可指小或附带,又可指政治上具有影响的或事变。Therewasashootingnearherelastnight.昨夜这附近发生了枪击Theelectionwasthemaineventof2004.那次是2004年的主要大事 modateaffordfurnish都有“提供”的意思。Thisho Themodatedthecustomer'swishandsentthedeliveryovernight.公司满足Thetallbuildingaffordsabeautifulviewoftheocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽Readingfurnishesthemindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge,itisthinkingthatmakeswhatplishmentattainmentachievement“成就”plishmentn.成功,成就;才艺,修养。Climbingthathighmountainwasan plishmentforthehikers.对于登山运动员来说,Beingabletopaintwellisjustoneof plishments.画画得好只是许多才能ascholarofthehighestattainments造诣极高的学者 accordinglyconsequentlyhencesothereforethus这些连接副词均有“因此,所以”accordingly用词,强调根据某种原因而得出的结果,其前可用冒号或分号,但不用逗Thecostofmaterialsrosesharplylastyear.Accordingly,weweredtoincreaseourprices.去年材料成本大幅度提高,因此我们被迫加价。Thisposesathreattoagricultureandthefoodchain,andconsequentlytohumanhealth.这会Wetheyaretryingtohidesomething,hencetheneedforanindependentinquiry.我ItwasstillpainfulsoIwenttoseeadoctor.He'sonly17andthereforenoteligibletovote.他只有17岁,因此沒有投票的资格Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thusallowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhighereducation.大学扩招了,这样就使人能有机会接受高等教育。accuse, Theaccusedhimoftheft.指控他犯有罪Thechargedhimwithmurder.指控他犯了谋杀罪acknowledgeadmitconfessrecognizeconcede这些动词均含“承认”之意。acknowledge通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错。Heiswidelyacknowledgedtobethebestyerintheworld.普遍认为他是世界最佳Don'tbeafraidtoadmittoyourmistakes.Afterhoursofquestioning,theconfessed.经过数小时的审问后,嫌疑犯终于Nobodyrecognizedhowurgentthesituationwas.谁也沒形势有多么紧急Hereluctantlyconcededthepointtome.acquireattainobtaingainearnachievesecure都有"获得,取得"的意思,在考研屡ItisthroughlearningthattheindividualacquiresmanyhabitualwaysofreactingtoAninvestorgainsbybuyingstocksthatgoupinvalue.投资者通过所买价格上涨而得Howmuchdoyouearnaweek?你一星期挣acutecriticalcrucialurgent"严重的,重要的"意思。acutea.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。Itiscriticalthatyoustudyhardfortheexamoryouwillfailit.为了考好你必须用习,cruciala.意为"决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的",最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。Wehaveanurgentneedforhelp;wearerunningoutofwater.我们急需要帮助,我们的水就adjustregulaterectifyamendconvertalter,modifytransformvary都含有"调整、改Herectifiedthemistakeinthecontractbychangingitswording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合(Thepoliticiansamendedthelawtoprovidemorejobs.们修正了这项法律以提供更Britainconvertedtoadecimalcurrencysystemin1971.1971Thetailoralteredthewaistbandonmypantsbecauseitwastootight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰modifyv.改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。Hewasloudandangry,andhisfriendstoldhimtomodifyhisbehavior.Remodelingtransformedanold,darkhouseintoacheerfulone.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的advisecautionwarnadmonishcounsel这些动词均有"劝告、忠告、警告"之意。advisev.普通用词,泛指劝告,不涉及对方是否听从劝告。admonishv.一般指年长者或对已犯错误的或有过失的人忠告或警告以避免类似,, ,affiliatelinkattachappend都有"附加"的意思。affiliatev.加入,成为……一部分。Iattachedanotetomyreportwithapaperclip.Thelawyerappendedtwomorepagestothecontract.在合同后又附加了两页affirmassertallegeclaimannounceproclaim这一组动词都有"声称"的意思。affirmv.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称,是deny的反义词。Heaffirmedhisloveforher.Sheassertedthatshewasinnocent.她宣称自己是的Theallegedthathehadnotbeenintheneighborhoodatthetimeofthecrime.嫌疑犯Theyclaimthatifmorepeoplerodebicyclestogotoworktherewouldbefewerautosinthedowntownsectionofthecity.他们生成如果有的人骑自行车上班的话,闹市区的汽Theinventionoftheprintingpressannouncedthediffusionofknowledge.印刷术的发明了Theproclaimedanemergencywhenthewarcame.当来临的时候总统宣布进aggravate,rein ,increase,strengthen,intensify这一组动词都有"加强"的意思。aggravatev.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之 Ihurtmyfootthenaggravateditbytryingtowalktoosoon.我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地 officersawthreethievesrobbingabankandradioedtoreinhim.一位看 Thenumberofpeoplehasbeenincreased. Competition,theybelievestrengthensthenationalcharacterratherthancorruptit.人们认为intensifyv.使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于to ensifycolors加深色彩intensifyhatred加深aggression,invasion,assault,attack,offensive这些名词均有"进攻、"之意。aggressionn.词义宽泛,既可指别国,又可指文化、经济等方面的。侧重。agreeaccordcoincideconformcorrespond这些动词均含“符合,一致”之意。agree侧重指经过比较后的所有主要部分均和谐一致,无和。Youraccountoftheaccidentdoesnotagreewithhers.你对事故的叙述与叙述不Theseresultsaccordcloselywithourpredictions.这些结果和我们的预测相当一致。Theinterestsofemployersandemployeesdonotalwayscoincide.雇主和雇员的利益并不Itdidnotconformtotheusualstereotypeofanindustrialcity.这和一座常规的工业城市Thewrittenrecordoftheconversationdoesn'tcorrespondtowhatwasactuallysaid.那次agreeto常与n(计划)arrangement(安排)suggestion(建议)proposal(建议)terms(条件)、method(方法)agreeto不仅指其主语与对方看法一致,而且暗含自己也愿aliveliveliving Aftertheaccident,hewasbarelyalive.交通事故后,他奄奄一息。 allmanalive所有活Whoistheworld'sgreatestliving?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家?livingroom起居室Sheisalivelyyounggirl,alwayslaughingandngthings.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘,总alleviatediminishreducedecreasedecline这一组动词都有"减少,减轻"的意思。alleviatev.在痛苦方面的减轻,缓和diminishv.指因为不断消耗,在数量方面缓慢减少,也指在素质或者价值的下降。Thesupplyofoilhasdiminishedbecauseofthewar.由于石油的供应减少了Hereducedtheamountofmoneytheycouldspend.Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagohassharplydeclined.去年芝加哥的率明显下降Hedeclinedourinvitationtodinner.allocateseparatedetachdivide都有"分开"的意思。allocatev.分配,把……拨给。Thecityernmentallocatedmoneyforschoolsandtheinthisyear'sbudget.市Weneedacarpentertodetachthisbookshelffromthewall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙Thehugecorporationdividedintosmallercompanies.ambiguousobscurevagueuncleardim"模糊Hisambiguousdirectionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.他的ThepoetryofEzraPoundissometimesdifficulttounderstandbecauseitcontainssomanyobscurereferences. vaguea.含混的,不清楚的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致Hehassomevagueideasaboutwhattodo,butnothingspecific.他大概知道他要做什么,但Itisunclearwhethertheeconomywillgetbetter.经济是否好转仍不Don'tworkindimlight.amplify,enlarge,amplify,enlarge,stretch,magnify, Wemustaskyoutoamplifyyourstatement.enlargephotograph放大enlargeahouse扩建房ThepulloverstretchedafterIhadwornitafewtimes.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesksstretchingangern.Aftertheirargumentheexpressedhisangerbypunchingtheothermanintheface.争吵之后,generalindignationatthesuddensteepriseinbusfares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤Therewasafeelingofresentmentintheofficeaftereveryone'spaywaslowered.大家的工资降低announcedeclareproclaimpronounceadvertisebroadcastpublish这些动词均含"宣pronouncev.词义与announce,declare接近,但较多用于指法律方面的宣布。anythingbutnothingbutallbutnonebutbut(除开)构成,anythingbut(=notatallbynomeansnever)表示"决不,根本不"allbut(=almost,nearly)表示"几乎,差一点"。apparentevidentmanifestobviousdistinct这一组形容词都有"明显的"之意。apparenta.明显的,显而易见的,尤指容易观察或认识到的事物。Heisveryunhappy,anditisapparentthathewantstoleavenow.他很不高兴,显然他现在Itisevidentthatheisguilty;hisfingerprintswerefoundatthecrimescene.显然他是的,manifesta.清楚的,明显的,多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义,常作表语。Herabilityismanifest,butsheisnotattractive.她才能出众,但长相并不动人。Itisobviousthatthatwomanhashadtoomuchtodrink.Medicalcarehasmadeadistinctimprovementinhishealth.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的 Thebossapudedmyeffortsbypraisingmywork.表扬了我的工作,对我的努clapv.拍打,其用法是clapone'shand=apud,不能说apudone'shands。clapsb.为鼓掌,clapsth.拍打某物Theteachercommendedthestudentforngwellontheexam.老师表扬学生们的考Asupervisorpraisedtheemployeeforhergoodwork.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作SurvivorsofthecrashpraisedGodforsavingthem.坠机的幸存者赞颂上帝使他areadistrictregionvicinityzone有"区域"的意思。arean.泛指面积较大的地区;面积;专业领域。TheNewYorkareahashighrents.纽约地区房租很高。ThenortheastregionoftheUSAincludesNewYorkandthesixNewEnglandstates.东Thewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthevicinity.都十分警惕因Thecitypassedalawtocreateabusinesszoneonsomeemptyland.市通过法律,在一arguequarreldebatedisputediscussreason这些动词均含"辩论,争论,说理"之意。arguev.指提出理由或为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护,着重说理、论证和企图说becauseconj.从属连词,语意强,着重直接的原因或理由,所引出的从句是全句的重心,用以回答why问题。forconj.并列连词,语气较弱,所引出的句子一般放在后面,表示附带说明的理由或推断理ashamed,shameful这两个形容词均含"羞愧的"之意。shamefula.指人或人的行为本身不光彩、不道德。assemblyconferencecongressrallyseminarsessionsummitsymposium都表示"会Theassemblyofstudentstakesceintheauditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行TheconferenceoninternationaleconomicproblemsmetinGeneva.关于世界经济问题的会Congresspasseslawsthatmustbeobeyedbythepeople.国会通过的法律,人民一定要Thefootballcoachcalledarallytobuilduptheteam'sexcitementforthenextgame.教Duringsummervacationssometeachersattendseminarsatcollege.暑假里,一些教师在学ThesymposiumonSARSresearchlastedtwodays.型性研究的研讨会持续了assessment,estimate,evaluation有"评估"的意思。assessmentn.评估,估价,常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。Themechanicgavemearoughestimateoftwoorthreehundreddollarsfortherepairstomycar.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300。evaluationn.(对于能力,价值、工作业绩的)评价,估价,常带有肯定的、正确的含义。Hegaveapositiveevaluationofourscientificresearch.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极合作,后接in表示在某个方面合作。Severalpoliticalpartiesalliedwitheachotheragainsthighertaxes.几个政治党派combinev.联合,化合,混合,多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。Thegirlcombinedsugarbutterandflourtomadethedough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合Thenationunitedagainstitsenemy.国民团结一致共同。assumepresumesupposeguesspostulate这些动词均含为"假设,猜想,推测"之意。assumev.指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。attemptv.较正式用词,侧重已经开始,且希望完成,但常隐含着不一定有预期的结果。average,common,general,universal,usual这一组形容词都有"普通"的意思。Theaveragerunnercanrun2infifteenminutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。词为particular。award,Theschoolprincipalawardedaprizeinhistorytothebeststudent.学校校长将历史奖授予Iwillrewardtothewhoreturnsmylostdog.我将出50,酬谢帮我找回丢失的aware,awarea.知道的,的,强调感官对外界事物的意识。Hewasawareofhismistake.他自己的错误。consciousa.有意识的,的,一般指内心所的。Thesalesmanisconsciousofthefactthathemustincreasesales.销售员他必须增加badevilillpoorwicked这些形容词均含"坏的"之意。bada.含义广泛,指任何不好的或不合需要的品质。bad通用。TheyusetheirapartmentinNewYorkasahomebasefromwhichtheytravelfrequently.他basic,elementary,elementarya.初步的,初级的。elementaryschool小学battle nstrugglewarfarefightcombatengagement这些名词均有"fightn.最普通用词,含义广,指战斗、或打斗。engagementn.指交战,交火。beamchucklegigglegrinjeerlaughroar,sneer这一组都有"笑"的意思,而它们之间beamv.本义指照耀,放光,引申为"微笑",是正式用语,指面带喜悦或笑容,暗示对他人chucklev.(语)吃吃的笑,抿嘴笑,轻声笑,多指因得意或到某事中的趣味而暗自Theschoolgirlsgiggledwhenthefamousfootballyerwalkedintotheirclassroom.当这Hegrinnedathismother.他冲他的咧嘴一笑。Thecrowdjeeredwhentheboxerwasknockeddown.当那个拳手时,人群开始嘲Hesneeredattheofferandsaiditwastwolow. egetgrowturngocome这些动词均可表示"变成,成为"之意。besidesbutexceptexceptfor这些前置词或短语均含"除……之外"之意。besides着重于指另外还有。beforeinfrontofinthefrontof这些前置词(短语)均含有"在……前"词是behind。belowbeneathunderunderneath这些前置词均可表示位置"在……下面"之意。belowprep.指位置低于某物或在某物下方,但不一定在正下方,所指范围较宽。beneathprep.用词,指紧挨……之下,其反义词是on。,bewilderv.使困惑,使茫然,强调非常困惑,通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱,语气最重。Hewasfiredwithoutwarningandiscompleybewilderedaboutthereason.他没有得到Whenthefarmersvisitedthecityforthefirsttime,theywerebewilderedbyitscomplicatedpuzzlev.使迷惑,感到不解,强调不理解或解决不了。Hesentthewrongreportsbecauseheconfusedthemwithotherones.他发错了报告,因为他Herboyfriendembarrassedherbyteasingherabouthernewhairstyleinfrontof largea.普通用词,含义广,指体积、面积、容量、数量以及程度等方面的大,具体或抽象blamecondemnreproachscold都有"责怪"的意思。blamev.责怪,把……归咎于。Histeacherreproachedhimfornotnghis.老师责备他不做作业blundererror IthinkthatIcommittedablunderinaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyItookyourbaginsteadofminebymistake.botherdisturbtroubleannoyirritatevex这些动词均有"使人不安或烦恼"之意。botherv.指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。bright,clever,wise,brilliant,in ligentingenioussmartshrewd这些形容词均含有"聪bringcarrytakefetchgetconveytransport这些动词均有"带、拿、取"之意。bringv.指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点,强调方向,不着重方式。carryv.指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方,不涉及方向,只强调方式。地方,与bring的方向正相反,侧重方向,不着重方式。brittlefeeblefragilefrailweak都有"弱"的意思。brittlea.易碎的,易损坏的,通常是指坚硬的东西。Thebonesofelderlypeople ebrittleandeasilybroken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱,很容Theelderlyladyhas .(Thepatientislosingblood ,Thefencemarkstheboundarybetweenmylandandhers.这道栅栏是我的地和地的分WecrossedtheMexicanborderintotheUSA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入境内。frontiern.边界,边境,,指靠近边界(boundary)的区域;也可引申为"未开发的领域",TheAmericanWestwasstillafrontieracenturyago.一个世纪以前西部还是一片Sheisabiochemistwhoworksonthefrontiersofbiology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化vergen.道路、花坛等长草的)边缘,引申"某事即将发生之际"。onthevergeofwar爆发之际briefa.简明扼要的,简短的,指时间短暂,办事利索,态度明了等;有时含有"虽短但却不Themanagermadeabriefstatementtoopenthemeeting..(Hisletterwasconciseomittingeverythingnotpertinenttothejob.他的信写得简明扼要,省broada.普通用词,指向两边延伸的宽度,强调两边之间面积的广阔,也可指向四方伸展开buildconstructfounderectestablishsetup这些动词均有"建设,建立,建造"之意。build普通用词,含义广泛,可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立。bushshrubjungle这一组词均与树木有关。bushn.矮树丛。buthoweverstillyetneverthelesswhilewhereas这些连词或副词均含"但是,可是,while表对比,一般可与whereas换用,但程度弱一些。whereas表对比,一般可与while互换。2.canmay都可表示请求允许做某事,前者较口语化,最常用;may用于正式文体,多含尊敬之意。3.canmay都可能表示可能性,前者表理论上的可能性,而后者表示现实的可能性。在这种用法中,can一般不能用来表将来的可能性,多用在否定和疑问句中表现在的可能性,而may既可表现在又可表将来的可能性。mindv.通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。也可用在答复询问的肯定句中。指因某事打cautiousa.着重考虑事情的,谨慎留意,防止出差错。prudenta.指遇事审慎,思考计划周密,不贸然行事。certifyrectifytestifyverify形近易混词。certifyv.证明,声称是真的。Herectifiedthemistakeinthecontractbychangingitswording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合Heistheonlywhocantestifyinthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledverifyv.(用事实)证实或核实。Iverifiedthestore'saddressbycallingtocheckit.我 chance,opportunity,occasion这些名词均含"机会"之意。changev.指任何变化,完全改变,强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。modifyv.强调起限定作用的变化或变更。指细小的变化,常含"缓和、降调"的意味。cheatv.普通用词,指用蒙蔽他人的取得所需之物,尤多指在赢利的中人。chiefprincipalmainmajorleadingcapitalforemostprimary这些形容词均含有"首chiefa.用于人时,表同类中职位最高,权力最大;指物时,表同类中最重要,价值最高。leadinga.侧重指具有或凝聚力。从而有主导和引导的作用。capitala.着重指因重要性、意义、优越或重大而名列同类之首。electv.指按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。pickv.口语用词,多指从个人角度仔细挑选,也含任意挑选之意。preferv.强调个人偏爱,不一定有选择的行动。cityn.一般指大城市或重要城市。classn.含义广泛,指人或物按优劣划分的等级,也指学校中的年级或班级。degreen.指程度、范围不同,社会地位的高低。也可指形容词或副词的级。graden.指按地位或优劣划分的等级,既可指人又可指物。collaborate,cooperate这两个动词均含"合作"之意。 n.多指生产或销售产品的公司、商号,也可指经办服务性项目的公司。corporationn.多指一个人拥有或多人联办的大公司,也指在其它地区或国家拥有的comparecomparetocomparewithcontrast这些动词(短语)均含"比较"之意。compare侧重比较两个或东西的异同优劣,强调相同或类似之处。compareto指两物有类似或相似之处,从而"把(一物)比作(另一物)。"comparewith指"把……用……作比较"以便找出差异或好坏。contrast指比较两个或东西之间的差异,侧重不同点。compel compelv.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示"别无办法,不Asanhedidn'tconsiderhimselfconstrainedbythesamerulesofsocialconductasotherpeople.他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。v.强迫,迫使,的意味较浓,常用于语态。Thethiefdhertohandoverthemoney.强盗迫她把钱交出来Wpetitionn.多指体育运动中的各项比赛、角逐,也指知识、技巧等方面的竞赛。matchn.通常指体育运动项目的比赛,隐含势均力敌意味。 comintn.疾病(主要指 aheart disordern.(精神或 adisorderofthedigestivesystem,Ricemakesanexcellentcomplementtoacurrydish.Oneyearafterwemadeourreportwehadtoaddasupplementtocovernewevents.我们在Thelawyerappendedtwomorepagestothecontract.在合同后又附加了两页componentelementfactoringredient"组成成分"componentn.零部件;(某事物的)组成部分;成分。Tirestheenginethebodyandtheseatsarecomponentofacar.轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅Theelementshydrogenandoxygencombinetoformwater.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。Hebelongstoabadelementinthiscity.他属于这个城市的坏分子。Enduranceisanimportantfactorinsuccessinsports.Flourmilk,butterandyeastaresomeingredientsinbread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面comprisecomposeconsistconstituteinclude这一组动词都有"组成,包含"的意思。comprisev.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。Thecommitteewascomposedmainlyofteachersandparents.主要由教师和学生家Theproblemconsistsoftwoparts.Crimeandillegaldrugsconstitutethecity'smajorproblems.和是这个城concentratev.集中,集中精力(后接on,宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西);浓缩,压缩。Duringexams,studentsconcentratehardonansweringthequestions.考试期间,集中PleasefocusyourmindsoGnthefollowingproblem.请集中考虑以下问题。 conditionstatestatussituationcircumstance这些名词均有"状况、情况"之意。conditionn.一般强调产生影响的原因或环境,复数形式指笼统的情况。confinementlimitationrestraint"限制,局限"confinementn.限制,(于某地或某种境地)。Theprisonerwassentencedtothreemonths'solitaryconfinement.那犯人被单独监禁三Thatemployeehaslimitationsonwhatworkhecando.Eventhoughthemotherwasveryangry,sheactedwithrestraintanddidn'tyellatherconsiderablea.相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。Heisalwaysconsiderateofothers;heiskindandsympathetic.他总是很体谅别人,他很慈conservepreservereserve都有"保存"的意思。conservev.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约)。Inwintersomepeopleconserveenergybylowingtheheatatnight.冬天,为节约能源有些..Theernmentpreservestherightsofthe
continualcontinuousconstantincessant这一组形容词都有"不断的,不停的"的意思。continuala.连续不断的;频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。Ourhomesandofficesneedacontinuoussupplyofelectricity.我们的家庭以及需要incessanta.不停的,持续不断的,强调令人厌烦地重复出现,中间有可能有停顿。Incessantnoisemakesmeappreciatesilence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。convertinvertreverttransform都有"转变"的意思。convertv.转变,变换,含有"使改变观点"的意思。Johngavehisbrotherahouseandwhenhisbrotherdied,ownershiprevertedbacktoJohn.约Alittlepaintwillsoontransformtheoldhouse. crediblea.可信的,可靠的。ThatthestudenttoldtheteacheracrediblestorythatshemissedclassesbecauseshewasEventhoughitisausibleexnation,Iamnotcompleyconvinced.虽然这个解释合理,cruel,brutal,inhuman,savage,barbarous,fierce,ruthless这些形容词都有"的","Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshedeclined.我邀请她和我们在一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。refusev.是比较普通的用词,表示"",含有非常坚决地、不客气地的意思。rejectv.抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。Heaskedhertogotothemoviesthreetimesandeachtimesherejectedhim.他三次约她去Thedefendantdeniedtheaccusationsmadeagainsthimincourt.在上否认了对他deduceinducereduce这是一组形近易混词。deducev.推断,推理,演绎。Myfriend esquietwhenhisgirlfriendisangrywithhim;todayheisquietandsoIdeducesheisangry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默,今天他很沉默,Hereducedhisweightby20poundsbyeatinglessandexercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。Herlatearrivaldelayedthestartofthemeeting.使会议延迟开始postponev.耽搁,暂缓,常指将某事放置一边,等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。Ourmeetingfortodaywaspostponeduntilnextweek.我们今天的会议推下周举行。delicatefinesubtle这三个形容词均含"微妙的,细微的"之意。delicatea.侧重指需要谨慎处理和对待。Thissalesmandemonstratedhowtocookwithapressurecooker.这个当众演示如何TheteacherillustratedthehistorylessonbylingastoryaboutGeorgeWashington.那个老 despisescornlookdownupon这些动词或短语动词均表示"轻视,蔑视"之意。despise指由于、软弱,渺小或无价值等而被轻视。diligenta.多指为一定的目的或追求而勤奋。Thelittledogwasjusttherethenhedisappeared.Thewallpaperhasfadedfromredtopalepink.deviatedistractdivert都有"转移"的意思。Hedeviatedfromsocietyby ingadrugaddict.他成为一名吸毒者,从而违背了社会Noisedistractshimsohecan'tstudyforexams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力,所以他无法进Aloudnoisedivertedeveryone'sattentionfromtheirwork.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作Thedippedhisbrushinthepaint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料immersev.沉浸,使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间,也可指一种氛围。Studentsimmersethemselvesintheirstudies.在专心致志地学习。Thegirlwassubmergedintheshallowendofthepool.泡在水池的浅水区一端dominantpredominantsovereign这些形容词均含有"占优势的,支配其它的"之意。dominanta.强调。duetoowingtobecauseofthanksto这些词组均表示"由于"duty,obligation,Hisdutyistoseethatthebusinessrunswell.Parentshavealegalobligationtoensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.父母有法律上的义务确保其受到适合其的有效教育。responsibilityn.职责,强调对要负责任的意思。Hisfatherisillandhehastheresponsibilityofcaringforhim.他的父亲病了,他有责任照eachevery这两个形容词都有"每一个"之意。eacha.指两个或两个以上中的每一个,强调个别。ejectinjectproject这是一组形近易混词。ejectv.跳出,喷出,弹射出。Thenurseinjectedsomemedicineintothepatientwithaneedle.护士用注射器给患者Thebalconyprojectsoutbeyondthewallofthehouse.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。Theernmentprojectsthatthedefensebudgetwillincreaseby20%.预计国防预算emotionfeelingpassionsensationsentiment这一组名词都有"感情"的意思。emotionn.情感,感情,指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪,表示某物引起的激动。Whenshewatchedthefilm,shehadthesensationthatshewasinamovingcar.她看时,Whenourgrandmotherdied,werememberedherlifewithstrongsentiment.当祖母逝世时,我们encourageexciteinspiremotivatestimulate这一组动词都有"鼓励、刺激"的意思。encouragev.鼓励,促进,含有"使增强勇气或给予希望"的意味。Heencouragedhissontogotogoodcollege.Thebandyedlouderandexcitedtheaudience.乐队演奏得更响亮了,使观众兴奋起来Mymotherinspiresuswithstoriesofherdifficultchildhood.我的给我们讲童年时的艰Adesiretogotomedicalschoolmotivateshertostudyhardeveryday.她希望上医学院,这Coldairstimulatesme.冷空气刺激我振作起来。enhanceheightenintensifyaggravate这些动词均有"加强,增强"之意。enhancev.侧重指增加价值,或声望等使人或物具有超科寻常的。heightenv.通常指使某物的某种性质变得不同于一般的显著或突出。intensifyv.指深化或强化某事或某物,尤指其特别之处。ensureinsureassureguaranteepledgepromise这些动词都有"保证"之意。ensurev.侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。equal,equivalent,identical"相同的,相等的"的意思。Itisabigresponsibilitytotakeon,soIhopehesequaltothetask.要担负的责任很大,我希望他afactorywithmodernequipmentThefacilityatthatclubincludestenniscourtsandaswimmingpool.那家的体育设施Asaflexibleactor,hecanperform,sing,danceandyseveralkindsofmusicalTheessentialpointiswemustdowhatthecontractsays.的一点是须按照合同indispensablea.强调客观上是必不可少的,否则就无法维持生命或做不成某一件事。Warmclothingisindispensableincoldweather.在寒冷的天气里,厚衣服是必不可少的。estimateappraiseassessevaluatevaluerate这些动词均有"估价,估计"之意。estimatev.通常指由个人作出的估价。evaluatev.appraise相似,指使判断绝对准确,但多用于对人物的某方面的评价,很少用exceed,surpass,transcend都有"超过"的意思。ThenatureofGodtranscendsofhumancomprehension.Yourworknisfeasible,sowecanbuildthebridgeimmediay.你的工作计划是可行的,我practicablea.能实施的,可行的,只表示一种可能性,但是实施后的效果不一定理想。Theirmarriagewassobadthatdivorceseemedtheonlypracticablesolution.他们的是 Shefeltthatmostofwhatshelearnedinthecoursewasofnopracticaluse.她感到在课上学pragmatica.讲究实际的,实用的,务实的,强调用解决实际问题,不追求不切实际的Hewouldliketobeadoctorbuthehasapragmaticattitudeandrealizesthathecannotaffordmedicalschool.他想成为一名医生,但是他很实际,知道自己上不起医学院。foolishsillystupidsimpledull这些形容词都可表示"愚蠢的,笨的,傻的"之意。foolisha.一般指人的无头脑、愚蠢,或缺乏与判断力,或指行动的愚蠢可笑。stupida.多指人或行为的愚蠢,尤指智能低下,或因某种原因失去正常的反应或感觉。有时也可与silly和foolish换用,但语气强,常含贬义。dulla.指对问题理解迟钝,缺乏灵敏机智头脑,可能是先下智力低下,也可能因疲倦或健康forecast, forecastv.指对未 forelv.一般的通俗用语,往往指根据客观因素做出的预告,强调预先要发生的事。forgetomitneglectoverlookdisregardignore这些动词均有"疏忽,忽略"或"忘记"之omitv.指有意或无意地忘记做某事,也指删去被视作不重要、不合意的东西。neglectv.侧重指有意的忽略或忽视,也可指粗心与疏忽。gazegapeglanceglareglimpsepeerpeep,stare这一组动词都含有"看"的意思。gazev.凝视,注视,指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。(Thechildrengapedatthebigelephantinthezoo.在动物园,孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着Thewomanglaredatthemanafterheshoutedrudelyather.那地冲她大声喊叫,Beingsomewhatshort-sighted,shehasthehabitofpeeringatpeople.因为有点近视,她有眯Themotherpeepedintothebedroomtoseeifherchildwasasleep.母亲偷偷向卧室看了一Itoldmysontostopstaringatthatfatwoman;itwasn'tnice.我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女hardlyadv.指接近最低限度,差不多没有多余,强调和程度。scarcelyadv.指不太充分,不太够,不足,不能令人满意,强调数量。barelyadv.指仅仅够,一点不多,强调没有多余。historical,historic这两个形容词都和"历史"有关系。historicala.历史上的,有关历史的,史学的,以历史为基础的。hospitalityn.热情招待,殷勤好客。Weenjoyedthehospitalityoffriendsattheircountryhome.朋友们在乡下的居所热情地招待了hypercriticalhypocritical这是一组形近易混词。hypercriticala.吹毛求疵的,批评苛刻的。Heissohypercriticalthathecorrectseverymistakehisstudentsmade.他很苛刻,对于学生hypocriticala.虚伪的,的hypothesisassumptionpresumptionsupposition这些名词均有"假设,假想"之意。hypothesisn.用词,指有待作进一步检验或证实的假设。ignoreneglectomitoverlook都有"忽略"的意思。ignorev.忽视,不理睬,指有意识地。Heneglectedtomakerepairsinhishouse.omitv.遗漏,忽略,忘记,指由于疏忽而忘记,也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。Sheomittedseveralstepsintheexperimentanditfailed.她在实验中遗漏了几个步骤,结果Themotheroverlookedherlittleboy'sbadbehavior.那位母亲忽视了小儿子的不良Inherpainting,shehasusedeverycolorimaginable.在绘画中,她用了所以可以想象Wehavehadanintimatefriendshipsincewewereyoung.我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密Anolderboyintimidatedthelittlechildrenwhenhetooktheirlunchmoney.一个大一industrial,industrious这是一组形近易混词。Industrialproductionisupthisyearbutagricultureisweak.今年的工业产值上升了,但是Shestartedherownbusinessandisnowveryindustrious.Myinitialgoodopinionofhimchangedwithtime.时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。originala.最初的,最早的;原版的,原物的。指按顺序是首位的,在此前不再有更为原始Thisistheoriginalpianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.就是在,,interferev.,妨碍。常指或妨碍他人(的事),着重指有影响,当""讲时,后多接in,当"妨碍,打扰"时后多接with。Wouldyouinterveneifyousawaparenthitachild?Baddreamsdisturbedhersleep.噩梦妨碍睡眠invaluable,Yourhelpinmovingthebigrefrigeratorwasinvaluable.你帮忙搬那个大冰箱,你的帮助是Hegetslouswhenothermantalkstohisgirlfriend.当别的和他的女朋友说话时间],joincombineuniteconnectlinkattachcoupleassociaterelate这些动词均有"连接,maybe,perhaps,possibly,probably这些副词均有"或许,大概"之意。perhapsadv.普通用词,多用于英国,与maybe同义。,,,MostwinefromSwitzerlandisinferiortowinefromFrance.产于的葡萄酒多数要比法subordinatea.次要的,从属的,下级的,强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。Hewasalwaysfriendlytohissubordinateofficers.她对下级一向和蔼可亲。modesta.含义广泛,指行为或态度等方面不自大、不虚荣、不傲慢、不武断和不自负。motivatedriveprompt这些动词均含"促使,驱使"之意。motivatev.强调驱使人们采取行动的原因或动机。solea.语气强于only,指仅有一个或一群,只考虑这一个或这一群。alonea.着重专指或某物,而不是别的。parliamentcongress这两个名词均可表示"国会,议会"之意。parliamentn.指英国或等国的议会,通常用大写形式。congressn.指等国的国会,也可指。optv.选择,抉择,后接for。Sheoptedforawintervacation,insteadofoneinsummer.permanenteternalperpetualeverlastingendless这些形容词均有"持久的,永久的"之perpetuala.语气最强,指保持永久不变,没有中断的行为,永无止境地持续下去。有时用problemquestionissuematter这些名词均含"问题"之意。problemn.指客观上存在的、难以处理或难以理解的问题。qualitypropertyfeaturecharacteristicpeculiaritytraitattributecharacter这些名featuren.指事物突出引人注目的特点。多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。characteristicn.指或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。peculiarityn.指人或事物独具的或奇怪的特点,常带感彩。rational,Therationalthingtodowastotaketh
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