2018高考英语一模本试卷由新与信息速递发布

宝山区2017学年第一学期期末ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeaks.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Atadancing B.AtanC.At D.AtaA.Hecan’tfindthe B.Hisnewwatchdoesn’tC.Hedoesn’tgettheright D.HisdepositwasA.Thenoftheirholiday B.TheirfeelingsofthetriptoC.Theweatherofthe D.TheirwishesandA.Savemoneyonthe B.SharetherentwithC.Findapart-time D.ApplyforastudentA.ThewomanhaswateredtooB.MovingntsisnotagoodC.ThentsmayneedmoreD.ThewomanshouldgetsomeprofessionalA.SheisillandhastostayatB.ShehateswatchingTVatC.Shecan’tgotoworkD.She’swastingmuchtimewatchingA.Lookatthelaundry B.CheckthebusinesstimeoftheC.Gotodoher D.FindanothersuitableA.ThemanwillhaveabusinesstripB.ThewomanhasnoideawhatthebossisC.TheterribleweatherhasdelayedalltheD.ThebossisnotsupposedtobeattheA.HeisusedtogoingoutoncoldB.HeisusedtowearingawoolC.HeisusedtowearingnohatinD.HeisusedtocarryingaheavyA.ThewomanoftensuffersfrombadB.ThewomanisusedtogettingupC.ThewomanlivesinthedowntownD.Thewomanlivesfarawayfrom SectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassageandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleansweronyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingA.Howtostay B.HowtoorderaC.Howtocomin D.HowtodealwithanA.Customersarelesslikelytoget B.CustomerswillgetproblemsC.Managerswillbe D.Managerswill A.AskingtospeaktoaB.Blaming you’retalkingC.Saying“TherehasbeenaD.Giving achancetoexQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingA.Sharingyour B.SupplyingthingswithC.Chattingwith D.CarryingthingsforA.ItsspecialWi- B.FingerprintidentificationC.Itsbuilt-in D.ItsA. B. C. D.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingA.KidsshoulddochoresonB.ParentsshouldhelpkidswithC.ParentsfeelprideinhelaroundtheD.ChoresteachchildrenA.Kids’academicachievementswillB.Kids’roomswillbecleanandC.KidswilltakecareofD.KidswillfinishschoolworkA.Kidslikeng B.Kidsdon’tneedtodoC.Kidsare D.KidsappreciateA.Thewomandon’taskherkidstodoB.ThewomanwillencourageherkidstodoC.Themanwon’taskhiskidstodoD.ThemanwillencouragehiskidstoGrrandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwithproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyMyBestFriendIsaWritingaboutbeliefsishard.Itmakesyoureachdeepintoyoursoulandtrulylookatwhatisthere.Itrequirestimeandeffort,andthenhitsyouinthefaceandsomeoneinthebackgroundsays“Oh,whydidn’tyouthinkofthatbefore?”Beliefschange,theymatureandgrowjust(21) achild.Thebestbeliefsaretheonesthat(22) (cherish)throughoutalifetime.OnebeliefIcherishaboveallothersisthepowerandenjoymentofreading.Readingcanbeforfunandthatlearningis(23) (easy)whenyou’rehavingfun.Beingabletorelatetothecharacters,imaginethesinyourandfeelthecharacters’sadness,aswellastheirjoy,isthemostamazingthingaboutreading.Achancetoliveanotherlifeforashorttime,tobeanother ,Readinglendsthesoulandmindace(24) (escape).Iwouldmuchratherpickupagoodluckthanwatchaevisionshow.Readingcanteachus.Whetherit’safantasynovelorahistoricalaccount,youlearnwhenyouread.Itprovidesgrrand(25) (write)languageskills.Readingteachesusaboutemotion.Readinggivesyounewwordsandexpandsyourvocabularybyforcingyoutochallengeyourself.Initsownwayitmakesusfeeltheemotionsofthecharacters.(26) youread,Ibelieveyouwilllearn,mindandsoul.Readingcanbringpeopletogether.Icannotcountthenumberofnewfriendsandpeoplethathaveenteredmylifebecauseofbooks.Mystepmother,grandmother,andIallradthesamebooks.(27) isbetterthanbeingabletosharethetensemoments,nearmisses,andhappyendingswhile(28) (drink)aingcupofcoffeetogetherwithsomeone.Readingallowsyoutoloweryourwallsandletpeopleintoformgenuinechains.Pluspeople(29) readimpressivebooksareusuallyprettycoolthemselves!Overtheyearsreadinghasbeenmycompanion.Alwayswithabookinmypurse,Ihaveneverfacedtheworldwithoutabestfriendbymyside. (help)methroughdifficultperiodsandapudedmeintimesofcelebration.Booksalwaysmakemes.That’sthebiggestreasonIbelieveinreading,becauseitwillmakeyouhappy.SectionDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed. A.A. B. C. D.potentialE. G. H. I. J. K.Thediscoverybuildsonearlierfindingsshowedthataclassofgenescalledsplicing(胶接)factorsisprogressivelyswitchedoffasweage.Theresearchteamfoundthatsplicingfactorscanbeswitchedbackonwithchemicals,makingagingcellsnotonlylook31younger,butstarttodividelikeyoungcells.Theresearchersappliedcompoundschemicalsbasedona32naturallyfoundinredwine,darkchocolate,redgrapesandblueberries,tocellsinculture.Thechemicals33splicingfactors,whichareprogressivelyswitchedoffasweagetobeswitchedbackon.Withinhours,thecellslookedyoungerandstartedtorejuvenate,behavinglikeyoungThediscoveryhasthe34toleadtotherapiesthatcouldhelppeopleagebetter,withoutexperiencingsomeofthedegenerativeeffectsofgettingold.Mostpeoplebytheageof85haveexperiencedsomekindofchronicillness,andaspeoplegetoldertheyaremorepronetostroke,heartdiseaseandcancer.ProfessorHarriesassaying,“Thisisafirststepintryingtomakepeople35lifetime,butwithhealthfortheirentirelife.Ourdatasuggeststhatusingchemicalstoswitchbackonthemajorclassofgenesthatareswitchedoffasweagemightprovideameansto36tooldcells.”DrEvaLatorre,ResearchAssociateattheUniversityofExeter,whocarriedouttheexperiments,wassurprisedbythe37andrapidityofthechangesinthe“WhenIsawsomeofthecellsintheculturedish38Icouldn’tbelieveit.Theseoldcellswerelookinglikeyoungcells.Itwaslikemagic,”shesaid.“Irepeatedtheexperimentsseveraltimesandineachcasethecellsrejuvenated.Iamveryexcitedbytheimplicationsandpotentialforthisresearch.”Asweage,ourtissuesaccumulatesenescentcellswhicharealivebutdonotgrowor astheyshould.Theseoldcellslosetheabilitytocorrectlyregulatetheoutputoftheirgenes.Thisisonereasonwhytissuesandorgans susceptibletodiseaseasweage.Whenactivated,genesmakeamessagethatgivesthe forthecelltobehaveinacertainway.Mostgenescanmakemorethanonemessage,whichdetermineshowthecellacts.SplicingfactorsarecrucialinensuringthatgenescanperformtheirfullrangeofReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitstheCameronBuckner,assistantprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofHouston,arguesinanarticlepublishedinPhilosophyandPhenomenologicalResearchthatawiderangeofanimalspeciesexhibitso-called“executivecontrol”whenitcomestomakingdecisions,41consideringtheirgoalsandwaystosatisfythosegoalsbeforeacting.Heacknowledgesthatlanguageis42forsomeexperiencedformsofhigher-orderthinking,orthinkingaboutthinking.Butsupportedbyareviewofpreviouslypublishedresearch,Buckner 43thatawidevarietyofanimals---elephants,chimpanzees(),ravens()andlions,among 44reasonabledecision-“Thesedatasuggestthatnotonlydosomeanimalshaveasubjectivetakeonthesuitabilityofthe45 theyareevaluatingfortheirgoal,theypossessasubjective,internalsignalregardingtheirconfidenceinthistakecanbeusedtoselectamongdifferentoptions,”hewrote.Thequestionhasbeen46sincethedaysoftheancientphilosophers,aspeopleconsideredwhatmeanstobehumanis.Onewaytoaddressthat,Bucknersaid,isto47exactlywhatsetshumansapartfromotheranimals.Languageremainsakeydifferencebetweenanimalsandhumans,andBucknernotesthatserious48inthe1970sand80stoteachanimal’shumanlanguage—teachingchimpanzeestousesignlanguage,49----foundthatalthoughtheywereabletoexpresssimpleideas,theydidnotengagein50thoughtandlanguageAncientphilosophersrelieduponunreliable51tostudytheissue,buttoday’sresearcherconductcomplicatedcontrolledexperiments.Buckner,workingwithThomasBugnyarandStephanA.Reber,mentalbiologistattheUniversityofVienna,lastyear52theresultsofaresultthatdeterminedravensshareatleastsomeofthehumanabilitytothink lyaboutotherminds,53theirbehaviorbyattachingtheirownobservationstoothers.Inhislatestpaper,Buckneroffersseveralexamplestosupporthis54.Hisgoal,Bucknersaid,wastoorganizeexperimentalresearch,“toseethatwe’regatheredenoughevidencetosaythatanimalsreallyare

ina41.A.B.C.D.42.A.B.C.D.43.A.B.comC.D.44.A.turnB.engageC.referD.argue45.A.B.C.D.46.A.B.C.D.47.A.B.C.D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.forB.thisistoC.ontheD.asa50.A.B.C.D.51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.Weseethemeverywhere.“Therearesomethingsthatmoneycan’tbuy…foreverythingelse,there’sMasterCard.”Wehearthemeverywhere.“Makeliferewarding…AmericanExpress.”Whetherwatchingevision,drivingdownthehighway,orevenappearingonour theappealofmoneyisinescapable.Growingup,myparentsalwaysemphasizedtheimportanceoffamilyandfaithovermaterialpossessions.Yet,moneyandallthenew,interestingthingsitcouldbuydidnotescapeme.AsIenteredmyfreshmanyear,mydebitcardandIengagedinquitethedates.Betweengame-daydresses,steakdinnersandwonderfuldowntownAthens,Iquicklydrained17yearsworthofBythetimesummerrolledaround,Ididn’tconsiderhowmuchcashIhadspent,orhowmuchstuffIhadacquired…IwasfocusedonhowmuchmoremoneyIwouldneedfornextfall.WhenIwasn’tworking,Iwascheckingmybankaccount,trytofigureoutifmynextpaycheckwouldcoverthosepillowsthatwouldlooksocuteinmynewapartment.Mybankaccountbalancewas ingamajorsourceofstressinmylife,creatingtensionwithmyfinanciallysmartparentsandcausingmeconstantconcern.Finally,afteraveryheatedargumentwithmyDad,Iacceptedthetruth:Isimplycouldnotaffordmoneyanymore.IrealizedthatIwasmuchhappier(andIsensedmybloodpressurewasmuchlower)whenmoneywasjustsomethinginthebank.Whiletheclothesareprettyandthosepillowsarecomfy,theylosttheirappealrightaroundthesecondanewitemcaughtmyeye.Towardstheendofthesummer,Iletgoofmyfinancialissues–afterall,Ican’tbuymoretimewithmyfriendsandfamilybeforegoingbacktoAthens.Istillcheckmybankaccount.Istillgoshopoccasionally.Butnow,thosearen’tpriorities.MymoneysufferingstaughtmethatIshouldn’tseekoutwealthasameansofsatisfactionandhappiness.Instead,myhappinessshouldcomefromthemomentsandpeoplethatcannotbebought,exchanged,orreturned.Inowre-wordthosecreditcardsloganstoreflectthevalueIceonfindingwealthinthelovesharedbetweenmyfamilyandfriends:“Therearesomethingsthatmoneycan’tbuy…Seekthem.”Unlikecash,thisformofwealthgrowsthemoreIgive.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorfeelshappynowmainly theappealofmoneyishevaluesthelovebetweenhisfamilyandhiswealthgrowsbyworkinghardeveryhehaspaidoffhisdebtinTheauthormentionstheheatedargumentwithDadinparagraph3inorder showhowtosettleproblemswithprovehowselfishhisDadexinmaterialpossessionsgethimintodisygenerationgapbetweenDadandTheword“comfy”(paragraph4)probably A. B. C. D.WhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleoftheSeekingadifferentkindofLettinggoofdifferentWealthasameansofHappinessgrowsoutofAmericansaremorestressedthanever,accordingtoanAmericanPsychologicalAssociationsurvey,andnearlyone-thirdsaystressimpactstheirphysicalormentalhealth.Ifyouhaveanyofthesesymptoms,yourstressmightbemakingyousick.Here’showtobattleagainstthem.Ifyou’veneversufferedfromheadachesbutsuddenlyyourheadisconstantlystriking,youmightbetoostressed.Stressreleaseschemicalsthatcancausechangestonervesandblood（血管）inthebrain,whichbringsonaheadache.Stresscancausethemormakethemworse.It’salsocommonforyourmusclestotenseupwhenyou’restressed,whichcanalsocauseaIfyoudon’twanttotakemedicine,tryspreadingOrtryoneofthesehomeremediesforheadaches.Stresscanmakeyoumentallysick,too.Toomuchofthestresshormonecortisol（）canmakeithardertoconcentrate,causingmemoryproblemsaswellasanxietyordepression,saysDr.Levine.Relaxuntilyouregainyourconcentration.Practiceclosingyoureyesandbreathinginandoutslowly,concentratingonlyonyourbreath.Losingafewstrandsofhairisnormal(oldhair（囊）arerecedbynewonesovertime),butstresscandisturbthatcycle.Significantstresspushesalargenumberofhairfolliclesintowhat’scalledarestingstageandthenafewmonthslaterthosehairsfallout,accordingtoMayoC.Stresscanalsocausethebody’sresistantsystemtoattackyourhairfollicles,resultinginhairloss.Bepatient.Onceyourstresslevelreturnstonormal,yourhairshouldstartgrowingIfyou’restressed,youmighthaveoneofthefollowingsymptomsEXCEPT youkeepgetting B.youalwayshaveaC.yourhairisfalling D.yourbrainfeelsWhichofthefollowingissuggestedifyourbraingoesoutofBreathingslowlywithyoureyesWaitinguntilyourbrainreturnstoSpreadinglavenderoilonyourRelaxingandattackingyourbrainWhatwillhappenoncewegetoverourstressaccordingtotheOurhairstartsfallingoutandthengrowsOurbody’sresistantsystemattacksyourhairOurhairstartsgrowingAseriousheadacheFormanyinthegeneralpublicandtheengineeringcommunityalike,thepotentialimplicationsofadditivemanufacturing(AM)haveexcitedtheimagination.Popularlyknownas3-Dprinting,theemergingclassofhasbeenregardedasbotharevolutioninproductionandanopportunityfordramaticenvironmentaladvance.Yetwhilethetechnologicalcapabilitiesofadditivemanufacturingprocessesarestudiedextensively,adeepunderstandingoftheirenvironmentalimplicationsisstilllacking.AnewspecialissueofYale’sJournalofIndustrialEcologypresentsthecutting-edgeresearchonthisemergingfield,providingimportantinsightsintoitsenvironmental,energy,andhealthThoughsometimesdescribedinthepublicfieldassimilartoaninkjetprinterformakingobjects,additivemanufacturingisprimarilyusedasaproductionprocessinindustryandcontainsadiversesetof.Whattheyshareistheabilitytoproduceproductsandpartsbasedondigitalinformationbyaddinglayersofmaterialsoneaftertheotherratherthan,asintraditionalmanufacturing,removingmaterials–thusthelabel“additive.”“Theresearchinthisissueshowsthatitistooearlytolabel3-Dprintingasthepathtosustainablemanufacturing,”saidReidLifset,editor-in-chiefoftheJournalofIndustrialEcologyandco-authoroftheleadeditorial.“Weneedtoknowmuchmoreaboutthematerialfootprints,energyconsumptioninproduction,processemissions,andespeciallythelinkingdevicesandadjustmentsbetweenthevariousstagesintheproductionprocess.”Additivemanufacturingissometimesseenasinherentlyenvironmentallypreferabletotraditionalmanufacturingbecauseofitspotentialforlocalproduction–byconsumers,merchantsandhobbyists–andbecauseitisthoughttoallowzero-wastemanufacturing.Researchinthisissue,however,indicatesthattheenvironmentalperformanceisverysensitivetothepatternofusageandcompositionofthemachineryandthematerialsused.“Thisspecialissuedemonstratesthecapabilityofindustrialecologytorevealimportantandoftenoverlookedaspectsofnew,”saidIndyBurke,DeanoftheYaleSchoolofry&EnvironmentalStudies.“Ifwearetorealizetheenvironmentalpotentialof3-Dprinting,weneedtoknowwherethechallengesandtheadvantageslie.”Thespecialissuecontains:lifecycleassessments(LCA)ofAMprocessesandinvestigationsoftheprocessenergyconsumptionofAMstudiesofoperatorexposuretoprinteremissionsanddangerousexaminationofthesustainabilitybenefitsderivedfromthecomplexfigureofpartsenabledbythetechnologyysisofsupply-chainissuesarisingfromtheuseoftheTheword“additive”inthepassagerefers thesubstanceaddedinsmallamountsforaspecialtheadditionaltechnologicalcapabilitiesofmanufacturingthedigitalwaytoproduceproductsbyaddingseriallayersofthetraditionalwaytoproduceproductsbyremovingThecontentslistedinthespecialissuementionedattheendofthispassagefocus thestudiesofadditivemanufacturingandadiversesetofofadditivethecomparisonbetweenadditiveandtraditionaltheexperimentsconductedbyJournalofIndustrialWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheresearchers’viewpointfromthe3-Dprintingisviewedasarevolutionin3-DprintingisregardedasakindofsustainableAMmakesaharmfulimpactonenvironment,energy,andThechallengesandadvantagesofAMneedfurtherThepassagemainly investigationsofthe3-Dprintingtheenvironmentalimplicationsof3-Dstudiesof3-DprintingemissionsandassessmentsofadditivemanufacturingThefindingsThefindingsshowthattheyalsoapplycriticismtonontraditionalwomen’sHeisalsoregardedashavinglesspowerintheTheseincludehavingahigherstatus,yieldingmorepower,beingmoreself-focused,ambitiousandself-confident.ThemarriedsurnametraditionismorethanjustaUptonow,researchershavenotyetexaminedhowawoman’smarriedsurnamechoiceinfluenceshowotherslookatherhusband.Women’srightistscholarsunderstandwhythesurnametraditionremainswidelyWhatdoesitmeanforthehusbandwhenhiswifekeepsherownThetraditionofwomenadoptingtheirhusbands’surnameaftermarriageisarguablyoneofthemostwidespreadgender-rolestandardsinWesternculturesdespitemarkedchangesintherolethatwomenyinsocietyandinthelabor.Accordingtopreviousstudies,womenwhoviolatethemarriedsurnametraditionarevieweddifferentlyfromothers.Theyaredescribedintermsofinstrumentalcharacteristicsthatinagenderedsocietyaretypicallyassignedtomen.67Thesecharacteristicscontrastwiththeexpressivecharacteristicsthataretypicallyassignedtowomen,suchasbeingmorecaring,kindandhavinglessinfluenceandpower.68Forthispurpose,RobnettandhercolleaguescarriedoutthreestudiesintheUSandUK.Thefirsttwostudiesshowedthathusbandswhosewiveskeeptheirownsurnamesareoftendescribedthroughtermsthatareopposedtothegender-typical alitycharacteristicsandpowerframeworkusedformen.Theyaredescribedinmoreexpressivethaninstrumentalterms,andareseentoholdlesspowerinamarriage.Theirfindingsindicatethatpeopleconcludefrommarriedsurnamechoicestomakemoregeneralinferencesaboutacouple’sgender-alityResultsfromthethirdstudyconductedbyRobnett’steamsuggestthatpeopleholddifferentopinionsinhowtheythinkaboutsuchcases.Peoplewhofirmlyholdontotraditionalgenderrolesreactparticularlystronglytoamanwhosewifekeepshersurnamebecausetheyseehimasan .“Weknowfrompreviousresearchthatpeoplehighinunfriendly 女性）respondnegativelytowomenwhoviolatetraditionalgenderroles,”saysRobnett.“69”“Thisstudyjoinsseveralothersinimplyingalinkbetweentraditionsinmenandwomen’sromanticrelationshipsandpowerstructuresfavoringmen,”saysRobnett.“ Itslightgender-rolestandardsandideasthatoftenremainunquestioneddespiteprivilegingSecurepaymentwithoutleavingaComputerscientistAndyRupp,memberofthe“SignalingCodeandSecurity”workinggroup,isalwayssurprisedaboutlackingproblemawareness:onlyfewusersareawareofthefactthatbyusingpaymentsystemstheydiscloseindetailhowandwhattheyconsumeorwhichroutestheyhavetaken.Topreventcontroloftheaccountsbydishonestusers,customerdataandaccountbalancesofpaymentareusuallycarriedoutwiththehelpofacentraldatabase.Ineverypaymentdeal,thecustomer