2023年考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Eatingtoomuchfatcan______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.问题1选项A.contributetoB.attributetoC.attendtoD.devoteto2.单选题ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?问题1选项A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.问题2选项A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.D.Theywereactingontheirown.问题3选项A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.D.Hediedin1587.问题4选项A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.B.Somedidnotsurvive.C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.问题5选项A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.B.Itlastedforseveralyears.C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.3.单选题Allfactoriesandminesare______bygovernmentofficials.问题1选项A.examinedB.surveyedC.inspectedD.investigated4.单选题They______theboatupontotheshore.问题1选项A.hauledB.handedC.heldD.heightened5.单选题Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes____________.2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame____________.4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____________.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.问题1选项A.forrecreationC.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.intheinterestsofthefarmersD.toshowofftheirwealth问题2选项A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.问题3选项A.byresortingtoviolenceB.byconfusingthefoxhuntersC.bytakinglegalactionD.bydemonstratingonthescene问题4选项A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxesB.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogsC.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountrysideD.preventlarge—scalefoxhunting问题5选项A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegalB.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessaryC.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolentD.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich6.单选题Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballeris（1）asamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimis（2）andhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.Tounderstandhowthis（3）hastakenplacewemustbrieflylook（4）ourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery（5）dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,became（6）changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers（7）prey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,afterthis（8）longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,（9）puttoanewuse—thatofpenning,controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesof（10）werenolongeressentialforsurvival.问题1选项A.exhibitedB.displayedC.paradedD.revealed问题2选项A.accurateB.inaccurateC.comfortableD.uncomfortable问题3选项A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transition问题4选项A.atB.upC.intoD.on问题5选项A.imageB.pledgeC.survivalD.appeal问题6选项A.restrictivelyB.radicallyC.practicallyD.exclusively问题7选项A.andB.orC.butD.so问题8选项A.immenselyB.immerseC.imminentlyD.permanent问题9选项A.wasB.wereC.isD.are问题10选项A.huntingB.farmingC.killingD.penning7.单选题It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella._____.问题1选项A.Yes,takeiteasy.B.Well,itjustdepends.C.OK.Justinease.D.Allright,you’rewelcome.8.单选题Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.问题1选项A.beingbasedB.havebeenbasedC.baseD.bebased9.翻译题除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成是宝贵的自然资源。诚然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。地球表面百分之七十被水覆盖。在有可靠供水系统的城区，很少有人感到缺水。因为我们想当然地以为水与空气一样不值钱，什么地方都有。然而部分因为人口增加，部分因为可怕的浪费，在当今世界的许多地方，供水已成为一大挑战。它已经是一个不可置之不理的严重问题。10.单选题Wemustimprovethefarmingmethod______wemaygethighyields.问题1选项A.thereforeB.as.C.inorderthatD.if11.单选题Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.问题1选项A.eligibleB.engagedC.proneD.prospective12.单选题Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled“footwearforyuppies”.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteisemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofit:distributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent.ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcrave,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayasbrightlycoloredsoftleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch.ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasfreedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.1.OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon’tliketheirshoestobecalled“footwearforyuppies”isthat（

）.2.Reebok’sviewthat“consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line4,Para.2)impliesthat（

）.3.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause（

）.4.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it（

）.5.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?问题1选项A.theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroupsB.newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoesC.“yuppies”usuallyevokesanegativeimageD.thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices问题2选项A.thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingitB.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributorsC.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellitD.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores问题3选项A.itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemandB.toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofitsC.thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarketD.itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts问题4选项A.doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetworkB.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostoresC.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproductsD.stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts问题5选项A.Acompanyshouldnotsellishighqualityshoesindiscountstores.B.Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.C.Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.D.Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcraveonthemarket.13.单选题Here______youwanttosee.问题1选项A.comesthegirlB.comedoesthegirlC.thegirlcomesD.comingthegirlis14.单选题Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday’srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.1.Theauthor’smainpurposetowritethisarticleis____________.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause____________.4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause____________.5.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat____________.问题1选项A.todefinewhatthepovertylineisB.toexplainwhyyoungpeoplelivebelowthepovertylineC.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpovertyD.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople问题2选项A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.问题3选项A.theydonothaveenoughmotivationB.theyaresoyoungthattheyaredeprivedofchancestoworkC.theyfailtogetenougheducationD.theyareverypoorinhealth问题4选项A.theydonothaveanymotivationtoworkB.theyarenotveryself-confidentC.theyaretooyoungortoooldtoworkD.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems问题5选项A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfoundB.welfarewillenablepeopletoberichC.poorpeopleareboundtogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusinessD.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem15.单选题Allthedoctor’seffortswere______andthepatientsoondied.问题1选项A.intearsB.invainC.inturnD.inall第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项contributeto“（造成某情况）的一个原因”；B选项attributeto“把……归因于”；C选项attendto“处理；照料”；D选项devoteto“献身于；作……专用”。句意：摄入太多脂肪会______心脏病和引起高血压。根据语境，摄入太多脂肪是造成心脏病的原因之一，所以contributeto“（造成某情况）的一个原因”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。整个文章从吉尔伯特第一次尝试殖民北美到最后英国成功殖民北美的过程，所以C选项“殖民北美的早期尝试”正确。A选项“贸易公司的管理”和B选项“英国和西班牙在新世界的竞争”不是表达的重点。D选项“皇家专利颁发于16世纪”错误，这个是伊丽莎白女王允许吉尔伯特到北美的专利。因此C选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英国第一次殖民北美的尝试是由个人而不是公司控制的。），可知他们自己决定怎样行动，D选项“他们自主行动”正确。A选项“伊丽莎白女王要求他们这样做”：根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次远征是在1578年，并获得了伊丽莎白女王授予的专利权），可知不是伊丽莎白女王要求的，故错误。B选项“他们是大型贸易公司的成员”文中没有提到。C选项“他们很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分别进行了两次尝试，都失败了，可知进展不顺利，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次远征……被西班牙击退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次尝试于1583年以灾难告终，当时吉尔伯特和他的船在一场风暴中丧生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交战，而非两次，吉尔伯特死于1583年，故C选项“他和西班牙人打了两次仗”和D选项“他死于1587年”错误；吉尔伯特两次以失败告终，没有到达北美，A选项“他从未在北美定居”符合题意。B选项“他的贸易公司被女王授予了专利权”：根据第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士获得了专利的续期。），可知是个人而非公司得到专利权，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国），可知B选项“一些人没有存活下来”正确。A选项“他们探索了整个沿海地区”和C选项“他们把这个地区命名为弗吉尼亚”：根据文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士……赞助了一次探险，探索他称之为“弗吉尼亚”的地区的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亚是沃特•罗利叫的，而不是大家这么叫，也没有探索整个沿海地区。不符合文章内容。和D选项“大多数人都没有经验”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。5.语义推测题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国，但第二批殖民者消失得无影无踪。），可知第一批殖民者回到英国，第二批殖民者不知道具体情况，C选项“在那里的居民命运未知”正确，A选项“在那里的定居者都放弃了，回到了英国”错误。B选项“持续了好几年”和D选项“被西班牙人征服”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。3.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项examined“（仔细）检查；考察”；B选项surveyed“勘测；民意调查；房屋鉴定”；C选项inspected“视察；查看”；D选项investigated“侦察”。句意：所有的工厂和矿山都由政府官员______。根据语境，governmentofficials“政府官员”搭配inspected“视察”比较合理。因此C选项正确。4.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他们把船________岸。A选项hauled“（用力）拖，拉”；B选项handed“递交；搀扶”；C选项held“抓住”；D选项heightened“提高；增加”。根据语境，这里是指他们把船拖到岸上，所以A选项hauled“（用力）拖；拉”符合题意。因此A选项正确。5.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport（参加打猎的人认为它是一项运动）和最后一句somosthuntersarewealthy（所以大多数猎人都很富有），可知在英国夫人猎狐是为了消遣，所以A选项“为了消遣”正确，D选项“炫耀他们的财富”错误。B选项“因为农民的利益”：文章没有提到富人和农民在猎狐方面的关系。C选项“限制狐狸数量”：根据第二段第一句Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.（农民也可以要求当地狩猎服务来控制狐狸的数量。），可知限制狐狸数量不是富人猎狐的目的，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.（如果法律通过，像狐狸这样的野生动物将受到英国禁令的保护）和第二句Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.（但今年，猎狐运动的支持者面临着更大的威胁），可知在英国，法律正在讨论猎狐运动的问题，对应C选项“猎人设定了要遵守的规则”这一选项，故正确。A选项“使用致命的毒药”：根据第一段最后一句farmers…shootingorpoisoningthem（农民们射杀或毒害它们），可知这是在各地的普遍的现象，不是英国特有，故错误。B选项“这花费高昂，很少发生”：文章提到猎户运动花费高昂，但没有说很少举办，另外农民猎狐花费不高，故错误。D选项“猎人必须经过严格的训练”：这是普遍现象，不止在英国，故错误。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.（有时这些猎狐行为引发暴力行为，但大多数对手会误导猎手，扰乱狗对狐狸气味的追踪，从而干扰狩猎。），猎手的对手通过误导猎手来干预比赛，所以B选项“迷惑猎狐者”正确。A选项“依靠暴力”：暴行是干预以后可能导致的结果。C选项“起诉”：通过法律途径看要不要继续猎狐运动不能在赛场干预对手，故错误。D选项“现场演示”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.（议会工党成员迈克•福斯特正试图使议会通过一项新法律，该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为。），可知C选项“在乡下停止捕猎野生动物”正确。A选项“禁止农民猎狐”，B选项“禁止用狗猎狐”和D选项“禁止大规模猎狐”在这里没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。5.语义推测题。A选项“用毒药杀死狐狸是违法的”：根据第五段第三句istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal（正试图使议会通过一项新法律，该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为），文章提到禁止用狗捕猎野生动物的法律有可能通过，没有说毒死狐狸违法，故错误。B选项“不必限制狐狸的数量”：根据第一段最后一句farmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem（农民们试图通过射杀或毒害它们来减少它们的数量），农民捕杀狐狸以减少狐狸数量，没有提到不必要这样做，故错误。C选项“用狗打猎狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的”：根据第四段第二句opposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal（许多人反对猎狐，因为他们认为这很残酷），猎狐是用狗猎狐，所以正确。D选项“猎狐经常导致穷人和富人之间的对抗”：在文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。6.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.考查动词辨析。A选项exhibited“表现出；展览”；B选项displayed“陈列；展示；表露（特点、素质、情感）”；C选项paraded“（为使自己获益而）展示；游行”；D选项revealed“透露；揭露”。句意：从生物学角度来看，现代足球运动员______是伪装的狩猎群体中的一员。根据语境，这里是生物学的角度显示出现代足球运动员是伪装的狩猎者，D选项revealed“透露；揭露”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.考查形容词辨析。A选项accurate“准确的；精确的”；B选项inaccurate“不准确的”；C选项comfortable“舒服的”；D选项uncomfortable“不舒服的”。句意：如果他目标______，并且得分，会享受类似猎人杀死猎物取得胜利的感觉。根据语境，这里指足球运动员踢进足球赢得分数，A选项accurate“准确的；精确的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.考查名词辨析。A选项transformation“转变；（彻底的）变化”；B选项transmission“传送；传播”；C选项transaction“交易”；D选项transition“转型；（逐渐地）转向”。句意：为了理解这种______是如何发生的。根据文章第一句可知体育活动本质上是狩猎行为的改良，所以体育活动是从狩猎行为演变而来，A选项transformation“转变；（彻底的）变化”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4.考查固定搭配。A选项lookat“看；考虑；着眼于”；B选项lookup“查阅；（久别后）拜访”；C选项lookinto“观察；调查；浏览”；D选项lookon“看待；视作”。句意：我们必须简略地______我们的祖先。根据语境，这里是指看看我们的祖先的具体情况，A选项lookat“看；考虑；着眼于”符合题意。因此A选项正确。5.考查名词辨析。A选项image“想象”；B选项pledge“诺言；抵押”；C选项survival“幸存”；D选项appeal“上诉；吸引力”。句意：他们的______取决于在猎场上的成功。根据语境，这里指在猎场上成功捕到猎物让他们生存下来，C选项survival“幸存”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6.考查副词辨析。A选项restrictively“限制性地”；B选项radically“从根本上，彻底地”；C选项practically“实事求是地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地，专有地”。句意：在这种压力下，他们的整个生活方式，甚至他们的身体，都发生了______变化。根据上文，这里指成功捕猎才能存活的压力让我们的祖先发生了变化，以及下一句中交代的追逐、赛跑、跳高、瞄准、投掷等，可知这是生活方式和身体上质的变化，B选项radically“从根本上；彻底地”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7.考查连词辨析。A选项and“和”；B选项or“或者”；C选项but“但是”；D选项so“所以”。句意：他们成为追逐者、赛跑者、跳高者、瞄准者、投掷者______捕食者。根据语境，这里表示并列，包含这里列出的所有身份，A选项and“和”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8.考查词义辨析。A选项immensely“极其地；非常地”；B选项immerse“使浸没于；沉浸在”；C选项imminently“紧急地；迫切地”；D选项permanent“永恒的”。句意：然后，大约一万年前，在经历了______漫长的狩猎形成时期之后，他们成为了农民。根据语境，这里的一万年非常久，A选项immensely“极其地，非常地”修饰long“长的”比较合理。因此A选项正确。9.考查主谓一致。句意：他们的智力提高了，这对它们以前的狩猎生活至关重要，现在智力又有了新的用途——圈养、控制和驯养猎物。根据主语是intelligence确定谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，根据动作发生在以前确定用一般过去时，所以A选项was正确，其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。10.考查名词辨析。A选项hunting“捕猎”；B选项farming“耕作”；C选项killing“谋杀”；D选项penning“用石块铺砌”。句意：______的风险和不确定性不再是生存的必要条件。根据上文，捕猎是生存的必要条件，A选项hunting“捕猎”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.【答案】C【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，请带伞。_____。所以回答应该是：好的，为了以防万一。A项“是的，慢慢来”；B项“仅仅取决于”；D项“不客气”。根据句意选C。8.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：据说这篇报道所依据的消息来源可靠。根据谓语动词was确定事情已经发生，根据bebasedon确定保留be动词，确定用被动语态。结合besaidto加完语态被动式表示动作已发生并且是被动语态，所以B选项havebeenbased正确。9.【答案】Inadditiontothedryperiod,peoplehaveneverregardedwaterasavaluablenaturalresource.Itistruethatwaterisnotararethingintheworld.Seventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Inthecitywithreliablewatersupplysystem,fewpeoplefeelwatershortage.Wetakeitforgrantedthatwaterisnomorevaluablethanairandcanfindwatereverywhere.However,partlybecauseoftheincreaseinpopulation,andpartlybecauseoftheterriblewaste,watersupplyhasbecomeabigchallengeinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisisaseriousproblemthatcannotbeignored.10.【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”，副词，修饰动词，后面不接句子；B选项as“因为”，连词，后面加句子；C选项inorderthat“为了；以便”，后面加从句；D选项if“如果”，连词，后面加句子。句意：______获得高产量，我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境，这里提高产量是目的，C选项inorderthat“为了；以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。11.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“合格的；中意的”；B选项engaged“使用中的；占线的”；C选项prone“有做……倾向的”；D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之间总是存在着______和宗教性的争议。根据语境，D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“争议”比较合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的争议是迟早的事。因此D选项正确。12.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题干中的“managerialpersonnel”即为第一段的executives，因此可知本题答案在第一段：Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled“footwearforyuppies”.（Reebok的高管们不喜欢听到他们的时尚运动鞋被称为“雅皮士鞋”），再由下文的TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.（他们认为Reebok鞋吸引了不同的细分市场，尤其是现在该公司为18岁以下儿童提供篮球鞋和童鞋，为对有氧运动或跑步不感兴趣的老年客户提供步行鞋），更可知其目标消费是多高层次的，所以A项“他们相信他们的鞋子很受不同年龄段的人的欢迎”正确。B项“增加了新的生产线来生产廉价的鞋子”，C项“雅皮士”通常会引起负面印象，D项“这个词使人们想到了令人望而却步的价格”，均属于无中生有。2.判断推理题。题干引号中是说消费者通过品牌分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，定位到第二段Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.（锐步鞋的售价从27美元到85美元不等，按照该公司的观点，消费者通过分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，锐步鞋将继续只在更好的专卖店、体育用品店和百货公司销售），由此可以推断只有D项“消费者认为，一流的产品只有高质量的商店才能销售”符合主旨大意。A项“一个品牌的质量是由销售它的商店的服务质量来衡量的”，文中未提及服务质量，B项“产品的质量决定了分销商的质量”，也是属于无中生有选项，C项“一个品牌的知名度是由销售它的商店决定的”，文中未提及知名度。3.细节事实题。根据题干中“limitthenumberofdistributions”定位到第三段…limitsonthenumberofit:distributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply，（……对它的数量进行了限制：分销商（以及向商店供应鞋子的数量），部分是出于必要。有时，锐步的意外需求超过了供应），可知对批发商数量的限制主要是因为需求量出乎意料地超过了供应能力。所以A项“它的产品供不应求”完全符合题意。B项“太多的分销商会削减它的利润”，C项“减少分销商可以增加其市场份额”，D项“它希望增强消费者对其产品的信心”，在文中均未提及。4.细节事实题。定位到第三段倒数第二句Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveabout