2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.写作题Directions:Writeashortessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyouressay,WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeoplepreferonlineshopping.Haveyoueverhadsuchexperiences?Commentonthistrendbyanalyzingitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.

2.单选题WhenSpanishexplorersfirstenteredtheareanowknownasHollywood,NativeAmericanswerelivinginthecanyonsoftheSantaMonicaMountains.Beforelong,theIndianshadbeenmovedtomissionsandthelandwhichHollywoodnowoccupieswasdividedintwobytheSpanishGovernment.AcreagetothewestbecamepartofRanchoLaBreaandsettlementstotheEastbecameRanchoLosFeliz.Bythe1870sanagriculturalcommunityflourishedintheareaandcropsrangingfromhayandgraintosubtropicalbananasandpineappleswerethriving.Duringthe1880s,theRanchosweresub-divided.In1886,H.H.WilcoxboughtanareaofRanchoLaBreathathiswifethenchristened"Hollywood".Withinafewyears,Wilcoxhaddevisedagridplanforhisnewcommunity,pavedProspectAvenue(nowHollywoodBoulevard)forhismainstreetandwassellinglargeresidentiallotstoWealthyMidwesternerslookingtobuildhomessotheycould"winterinCalifornia".ProspectAvenuesoonbecameaprestigiousresidentialstreetpopulatedwithlargeQueenAnne,Victorian,andMissionRevivalhouses.Mrs.DaeidaWilcoxraisedfundstobuildchurches,schoolsandalibraryandHollywoodquicklybecameacompleteandprosperouscommunity.Thecommunityincorporatedin1903,butitsindependencewasshort-lived,asthelackofwaterforcedannexationin1910tothecityofLosAngeles,whichhadasurplussupplyofwater.In1911,theNestorCompanyopenedHollywood'sfirstfilmstudioinanoldtavernonthecomerofSunsetandGower.NotlongthereafterCecilB.DeMilleandD.W.Griffithbeganmakingmovieintheareadrawntothecommunityforitsopenspaceandmoderateclimate.Theneedsofthisthrivingnewindustrycreatedradicalchangesinthecommunity,causingaclashbetweenolderandnewerresidents.Acresofagriculturallandsouthofwhat-is-nowHollywoodBoulevardweresubdividedanddevelopedashousingfortheenormousnumbersofworkersthatmovie-makingrequired.High-risecommercialbuildingsbegantospringupalongHollywoodBoulevard,threecompetingreal-estateinterestscausedconcentrationsofdevelopmentatHighland,Cahuenga,andatVine.Itwasn'tlongbeforenearlyallthehomesalongtheBoulevardwerereplacedbycommercialbuildingslinkingthethreecomers.Banks,restaurants,clubsandmoviepalacessprangup,cateringtothedemandsoftheburgeoningfilmindustryduringthe1920sand1930s.ThearchitecturalstylesofthebuildingswererepresentativeofthosemostpopularbetweentheWorldWars.BanksweretypicallydesignedinthemoreformalBeauxArtsstyles,butotherbuildingsinthecommunitytookonmoreplayfulpersonalitiesTheornamentalSpanishColonialRevivalstylereflectedHollywood'sself-consciousextravagancewhilethenewArtDecoandModernstylesfitthecommunity'saspirationsforglamourandsophistication.Hollywoodhasbeenanythingbutstatic,however,andafterafewdecadesasthecapitaloffilmglamour,theneighborhoodchangedagain.AlthoughmuchofthestudioworkremainedinHollywood,manystarsmovedtoBeverlyHills,andtheelegantshopsandrestaurantsleftwiththem.Inthe1960s,musicrecordingstudiosandofficesbeganmovingtoHollywood,anoffshootofthenightclubsfurtherwestonSunsetBoulevard.Otherbusinesses,however,continuedtomigratetodifferentpartsofthecity.Hollywoodtodayisadiverse,vitalandactivecommunitystrivingtopreservetheelegantbuildingsfromitspast.Muchofthemovieindustryremainsinthearea,althoughtheneighborhood'soutwardappearancehaschanged.In1985,theHollywoodBoulevardcommercialandentertainmentdistrictwasofficiallylistedintheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesprotectingtheneighborhood’simportantbuildingsandseeingtoitthatthesignificanceofHollywood'spastwouldalwaysbeapartofitsfuture.1.TheareanowknownasHollywoodwasfirstinhabitedbyNativeAmericans.T/F2.Bythe1870s,peoplewhosettleddowninthatareabegantogrowallkindsofcropsandfruit.T/F3.WilcoxboughtanareaofRanchoLaBreaandnamedit"Hollywood"afterhiswife.T/F4.WealthyMidwesternersboughtresidentiallotsalongtheProspectAvenuetobuildwinterhomesinCalifornia.T/F5.HollywoodhadtobecomepartofthecityofLosAngelesbecauseofitsshortsupplyofwater.T/F6.CecilB.DeMilleandD.W.GriffithbeganmakingmoviesinHollywoodbeforeNestorCompanyopeneditsfirstfilmstudiothere.T/F7.ThethrivingFilmindustryinthe1920sand1930sledtotheappearanceoflargenumbersofbanks,restaurants,clubsandmoviepalacesinHollywood.T/F8.TheornamentalSpanishColonialRevivalstylereflectedHollywood'saspirationsforglamourandsophistication.T/F9.Hollywoodhasremainedinconstantchange.T/F10.HollywoodBoulevardcommercialandentertainmentdistrictwasofficiallylistedintheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacestoprotectitsoldbutelegantbuildings.T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F3.单选题The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.（1）."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodand,clothing,and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.（2）.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.（3）.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodeveloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.（4）Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.（5）.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.问题1选项A.IndustrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilledB.NexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouseC.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealthD.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathomeE.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountriesF.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon问题2选项A.IndustrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilledB.NexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouseC.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealthD.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathomeE.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountriesF.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon问题3选项A.IndustrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilledB.NexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouseC.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealthD.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathomeE.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountriesF.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon问题4选项A.IndustrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilledB.NexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouseC.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealthD.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathomeE.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountriesF.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon问题5选项A.IndustrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilledB.NexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouseC.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealthD.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathomeE.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountriesF.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon4.单选题Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasshrunk.It'snowa"globalvillage"wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskillsDeeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.Inmodernmarkets,successoverseasoftenhelpsupportdomesticbusinessefforts.Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationedinanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeing"outofsightandoutofmind."Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany'splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployeecansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorswillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackintheUnitedSateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.Thankstoavarietyofrelativelyinexpensivecommunicationsdeviceswithbusinessapplications,evensmallbusinessesintheUnitedStatesareabletogetintointernationalmarkets.Englishisstilltheinternationallanguageofbusiness.Butthereisanever-growingneedforpeoplewhocanspeakanotherlanguage.Asecondlanguageisn'tgenerallyrequiredtogetajobinbusiness,buthavinglanguageskillsgivesacandidatetheedgewhenotherqualificationsappeartobeequal.Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhightechcommunicationsequipment?

2.Withtheincreaseduseofhigh-techcommunicationsequipment,businesspeople（）.3.Inthispassage,"outofsightandoutofmind"(Lines2-3,Para.3)probablymeans（）.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanimportantconsiderationofinternationalcorporationsinemployingpeopletoday?5.Theadvantageofemployeeshavingforeignlanguageskillsisthattheycan（）.问题1选项A.CriticalB.IndifferentC.PrejudicedD.Positive问题2选项A.havetogetfamiliarwithmoderntechnologyB.aregainingmoreeconomicbenefitsfromdomesticoperationsC.areattachingmoreimportancetotheiroverseasbusinessD.areeagertoworkoverseas问题3选项A.beingunabletothinkproperlyforlackofinsightB.beingtotallyoutoftouchwithbusinessathomeC.missingopportunitiesforpromotionwhenabroadD.leavingallcareandworthybehind问题4选项A.ConnectionswithbusinessoverseasB.Abilitytospeaktheclient'slanguage.C.TechnicalknowledgeD.Businessexperience问题5选项A.bettercontrolthewholenegotiationprocessB.easilyfindnewapproachestomeetmarketneedsC.fast-forwardtheirproposalstoheadquartersD.easilymakefriendswithbusinesspeopleabroad5.单选题Theworld'soceanshavewarmed50percentfasteroverthelast40yearsthanpreviouslythoughtduetoclimatechange,AustralianandUSclimateresearchersreportedWednesday.Higheroceantemperaturesexpandthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.Thestudy,publishedintheBritishjournalNature,addstoagrowingscientificchorusofwarningsaboutthepaceandconsequencesofrisingoceans.ItalsoservesasacorrectivetoamassivereportissuedlastyearbytheNobel,winningUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),accordingtotheauthors.Risingsealevelsaredrivenbytwothings:thethermalexpansionofseawater,andadditionalwaterfrommeltingsourcesofice.Bothprocessesarecausedbyglobalwarming.TheicesheetthatsitsatthetopofGreenland,forexample,containsenoughwatertoraiseworldoceanlevelsbysevenmetres(23feet),whichwouldburysea-levelcitiesfromDhakatoShanghai.Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.Butuptonow,therehasbeenaperplexinggapbetweentheprojectionsofcomputer-basedclimatemodels,andtheobservationsofscientistsgatheringdatafromtheoceans.Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustralianWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.1.36.Whathappenswhentheocean'stemperaturerises?2.37.Theriseinwaterlevelsisespeciallydangerousforsmallislandnationsand（）.3.38.Thenewstudy（）.4.39.Ultimately,thenewstudyshouldhelpscientiststo（）.5.40.Whatwasthemainfindingofthestudy?问题1选项A.Itcausessealevelstorise.B.Itcausessealevelstoremainconstant.C.Itcausessealevelstodecrease.D.Itcausessealevelstochange.问题2选项A.low-lyingurbanareasB.allcoastalcitiesC.peoplewholiveonthebeachD.peoplewholivearoundtheglobe问题3选项A.showsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.32millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevelsB.didnotrevealanythingthatscientistsdidn'talreadyknowC.usednewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturesD.showshowquicklythesealevelsfall问题4选项A.lowerwaterlevelsB.findoutwhatiswrongwiththeearthC.burysea-levelcitieslikeDhakaandShanghaiD.betterpredictclimatechange问题5选项A.Notenoughisbeingdoneaboutglobalwarming.B.Oceanwatershavewarmedfasterthanscientistshadpreviouslythought.C.Thewarmingoftheworld'soceansisnotathreat.D.Theriseofsealevelshasnothingtodowithoceantemperature.6.单选题WhengasstationmanagerRogerRandolphrealizeditwascostinghimmoneyeachtimesomeonefilledupwith$4-a-gallongas,hehungasignonhispumps:“Nomorecreditcards.”HemaybethefirstinWestVirginiatobanplastic,butgasstationoperatorsnationwidearereportingsimilarwoesashigherpricestranslateintohighercreditcardfeesthemanagersmustpay,squeezingprofitsatthepump.“Themoretheybuy,themorewelose,”saidRandolph,whomanagesMr.Ed’sChevroninSt.Albans.“Gaspricesgoup,andourprofitsgodown.”Hiscomplaintstargettheso-calledinterchangefee,apercentageofthesalepricepaidtocreditcardcompaniesoneverytransaction.Thepercentageisfixed,usuallyatjustunder2percent,butthedollaramountofthefeeriseswiththepriceofthegoodsorservices.Asgastops$4agallon,thatpushesfeestoward10centsagallon.Nowstations,whichtypicallymarkupgasolineby11to12centsagallon,areseeingprofitsshrinkorevenreverse.Inagoodmonth,Randolph’ssmalloperationwouldyielda$60profitongasolinesales.Butthat’sbeenburiedassoaringpricesforcedthestationtopayabout$500amonthininterchangefees.“Attheseprices,peoplearen’tmakinganymoney,”saidJeffLenard,spokesmanfortheAlexandria,Va.-basedNationalAssociationofConvenienceStores.“It’sbrutal.”Lenard’sgroupreportsconveniencestorespaidroughly$7.6billionincreditcardfeeslastyear,whilemaking$3.4billioninprofits.Thecreditcardcompaniessayfeesarejustpartofthecostofdoingbusiness.MasterCardhascappedinterchangefeesforgaspurchasesof$50ormore,saidcompanyspokeswomanSharonGamsin.AcceptingMasterCardalsogivesgasstations“increasedsales,greatersecurityandconvenience,lowerlaborcosts,andspeedfortheircustomersatthepump,”Gamsinsaidinane-mailtoTheAssociatedPress.Visaarguesthatthefeesareoffset“bythetangiblebenefitstostationsandtheircustomers,suchastheabilitytopayatthepump,”thecompanysaidinastatementtotheAP.1.Whydosomegasstationownersnolongeracceptcreditcards?2.Whatistheaverageinterchangefeepaidbygasstationowners?3.Howmuchprofitdoestheaveragegasstationownermakeonagallonofgas?4.Visabelievesthatallowingcustomerstopaywithacreditcardoffers（）toeveryoneinvolved.5.Whenprofitsare"shrinking",theyare（）.问题1选项A.Theyareafraidofoutdatedcards.B.Theypreferthe"instantgratification"ofgettingcash.C.Theyareafraidofcreditfraud.D.Theydonotwanttopayhighcreditcardfees.问题2选项A.About$4.B.About2%.C.About$60.D.11to12cents.问题3选项A.About2%.B.About$4.C.11to12cents.D.About$60.问题4选项A.tangiblethreatsB.tangiblebenefitsC.uncertaintyD.inconvenience问题5选项A.decreasingB.holdingsteadyC.increasingD.undulating7.单选题Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinuetooccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixinglegalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon.Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeenmetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry'sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind'sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.Wearebeingasked,andinfact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause（）.2.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis（）.3.Theword"tunnel-visioned"(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans“（）”.4.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项A.theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoingB.theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterestsC.timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonitD.itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures问题2选项A.topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasionB.toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionC.totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollutionD.toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards问题3选项A.narrow-mindedB.blindtothefactsC.short-sightedD.abletoseeonlyoneaspect问题4选项A.LegislationandgovernmentinterventionB.Theindustry'sunderstandingandsupport.C.TheeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionalsD.Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists问题5选项A.EffortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasuresB.MoremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollutionC.OrdinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollutionD.Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade8.单选题AProfessorstoodbeforehisphilosophyclassandhadsomeitemsinfrontofhim.Whentheclassbegan,wordlessly,hepickedupaverylargeandemptymayonnaisejarandproceededtofillitwithgolfballs.Hethenaskedthestudentsifthejarwasfull.Theyagreedthatitwas.SotheProfessorthenpickedupaboxofpebblesandpouredthemintothejar.Heshookthejarlightly.Thepebblesrolledintotheopenareasbetweenthegolfballs.Hethenaskedthestudentsagainifthejarwasfull.Theyagreeditwas.TheProfessornextpickedupaboxofsandandpoureditintothejar.Ofcourse,thesandfilledupeverythingelse.Heaskedoncemoreifthejarwasfull.Thestudentsrespondedwithaunanimous"Yes".TheProfessorthenproducedtwocansofbeerfromunderthetableandpouredtheentirecontentsintothejar,effectivelyfillingtheemptyspacebetweenthesand.Thestudentslaughed.“Now,”saidtheProfessor,asthelaughtersubsided,“Iwantyoutorecognizethatthisjarrepresentsyourlife.”Thegolfballsaretheimportantthings—yourfamily,yourchildren,yourhealth,yourfriends,yourfavoritepassions―thingsthatifeverythingelsewaslostandonlytheyremained,yourlifewouldstillbefull.Thepebblesaretheotherthingsthatmatterlikeyourjob,yourhouse,yourcar.Thesandiseverythingelse—thesmallstuff."“Ifyouputthesandintothejarfirst”,hecontinued,"thereisnoroomforthepebblesorthegolfballs.Thesamegoesforlife.Ifyouspendallyourtimeandenergyonthesmallstuff,youwillneverhaveroomforthethingsthatareimportanttoyou.Payattentiontothethingsthatarecriticaltoyourhappiness.Playwithyourchildren.Taketimetogetmedicalcheckups.Takeyourpartnerouttodinner.Playanother18.Therewillalwaysbetimetocleanthehouse,andfixthedisposal.Takecareofthegolfballsfirst,thethingsthatreallymatter.Setyourpriorities.Therestisjustsand."Whenhehadfinished,therewasaprofoundsilence.Thenoneofthestudentsraisedherhandandwithapuzzledexpression,inquiredwhatwasthebeerrepresented.TheProfessorsmiled."I’mgladyouasked.Itjustgoestoshowyouthatnomatterhowfullyourlifemayseem,there'salwaysroomforacoupleofbeers."Lesson:Whenthingsinyourlifeseemalmosttoomuchtohandle,when24hoursinadayarenotenough,rememberthemayonnaisejar...andthebeer.1.Theprofessorillustratedhispointby（）

.2.Whentheprofessorpouredthebeerintothejar,thestudentsmostprobablywouldnot（）.3.Theauthortendstocomparehousecleaningto（

）.4.Theprofessoremployedthebeertosignify（）.5.Bywritingthestory,theauthorintendstobe（）.问题1选项A.analogyB.exemplifyingC.punningD.personification问题2选项A.finditunexpectedB.beamazedbyhimC.appreciatehiswisdomD.understandhisintension问题3选项A.thegolfballsB.thepebblesC.thesandD.thebeer问题4选项A.trickstomakelifemorebeautifulB.relaxationnomatterhowfulllifeisC.thingsthatareunnecessaryforlifeD.thatwecanalwaysfindleisuretime问题5选项A.philosophicalB.enlighteningC.encouragingD.informative9.写作题Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whatshouldbe