what引导名词性从句的五种用法

PAGEPAGE4what引导名词性从句的五种用法(高考语法要点)注意：请你在what引导的从句下面划线，并指出其充当的成分。一、用法归纳1.表示“……的东西或事情”相当于thethingsthat…：例如：They’vedonewhattheycantohelpher.他们已经尽力帮助了她。Hesaveswhatheearns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。WhatMaryisisthesecretary.玛丽的职务是秘书。2.表示“……的人或的样子”相当于thepersonthat…。如：Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已经不是以前的那个样子。Heiswhatisgenerallycalledatraitor.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3.表示“……的数量或数目”相当于theamount/numberthat…。如：：Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolistentimeswhatitwasbeforeliberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。4.表示“……的时间”相当于thetimethat…例如：Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforwhatseemedlikehours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5.表示“……的地方”相当于theplacethat…。如：ThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。WhatisnowtheNorth现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。二、用法说明(1)这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：先行词（小注）：是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前，而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。正：Youcanhavewhatyoulike./Youcanhaveeverything(that)youlike.误：Youcanhaveeverythingwhatyoulike.(2)有时what可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：IgavehimwhatbooksIhad.我把我所有的书都给他了。Hegavemewhatmoneyhehadabouthim.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。(3)What后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：误：IgavehimwhatbookIhad.(4)What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，whatlittle+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：IspentwhattimeIhadwithher.我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。IspentwhatlittletimeIhadwithher.我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。专项练习题1.___________causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.(98)A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where2.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemoneyexactly___hewants.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.what3.Tomisgreatlydifferentfrom________hewaswhenhewasyoung.A.howB.whatC.whereD.that4.TheancientEgyptiansbelievedallillnesseswererelatedto_______waseaten.A.WhichB.itC.whatD.that5.________istodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard6.Doyouknow________A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor7.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected8.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.A.whatbeautifulisB.beautifuliswhatC.whatisbeautifulD.whatitisbeautiful9.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_______helphecanget.A.whatever B.however C.whichever D.whenever10.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.This11.Nowwecansee_____problemthepopulationis.A.awhatseriousB.suchseriousaC.howseriousaD.soaserious12.Weknowlittleabouttheyoungladyexcept________youtoldme.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.不填13.Iknownothingaboutherexcept________sheisfromCanada.A.howB.whenC.thatD.why14.Whydoestheseasideheredrawtensofthousandsoftouristseverysummer?Ithinkwarmsunshineandsoftsandsmake_____itis.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where15.Thinking_______youknow_______infactyoudon’tisaterriblemistake.A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.what;that16.Yesterdaymybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat___Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.ThatD.what17.Peoplearetryinghardtoprotectandrecord______isleftoftheAboriginal（土著居民的）language.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.all18.Thewayhediditwasdifferent________wewereusedto.A.inthatB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich19.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.that D.HowA.withB.becauseC.onD.like3.Everyoneshouldgotosleepwiththelightturnedoff.A.asB.withC.forD.on4._______somanyhomeworktodo,Marywon’thavetimetoplaywithherfriendsthismorning.A.WithoutB.WithC.ByD.Because5._______thedoorisopen,thenoiseofthemachinesisalmostdeafening.AIfB.AsC.WithD.Becauseof6._______hismotherwasout,hehadtostayathomealone.A.AsB.ForC.ifD.With7._______allthingsareconsidered,herproposalisofgreaterthanhisA.LikeB.WithC.IfD.Without8._______timepermits,wewillvisittheSummerA.ByB.OnC.WithD.If巩固练习21.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_______,hegladlyacceptedit.（2007安徽）A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished2.Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions______?(2009全国卷1)A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake3.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace,_______herfootwaswoundedsomuch.A.forB.asC.withD.while4.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.Sorry.Withsomuchwork_______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(2007福建)A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled5.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______,hegladlyacceptedit.（2007安徽）A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished6.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.（2005北京）A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon7._