Unit-4-Global-warming单词和句型重点总结

Unit4Globalwarming全球变暖一、词汇1.comeabout发生；造成注意：（1）comeabout是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，常指情况不受人控制的突然发生。有时用it作形式主语，that从句作真正主语。表示“发生”的词或短语有：happen,occur,takeplace,breakout,都是不及物动词或短语，都没有被动语态。comeout（花）开；出版；发行；显露comeup走近；长出；发芽；被提出；发生comeupwith赶上；提出comeacross被理解；偶然碰见；无意中找到comealong出现；进展；跟着来comeon得啦；快点cometo总计；达到；恢复知觉whenitcomesto涉及；谈到①Manyaquarrelcomesaboutthroughamisunderstanding.②Themooncameoutfrombehindtheclouds.③I’llletyouknowifanythingcomesup.④I’llcomeoverandseehowyouarecomingalong.⑤Icameacrossanoldfriendyesterday.⑥Whenshecameto,shecouldn’trecognizethesurroundings.2.subscribeto同意；赞成；订购(1)subscribevi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.（签署）文件；捐助subscribe…to…在……上签署；向……捐……(2)subscriptionn.订阅费；捐赠款①Isubscribetoyoursuggestion.②Whichmagazinedoyousubscribeto?③Hesubscribedhisnametothepaper（文件）.④Hesubscribedalargesumtothepoorstudents.3.quantityn.量；数量inquantity在数量上；大量地inlargequantities大量地（常修饰动词）a(large)quantityof+①不可数名词（谓语用单数）②可数名词（谓语用复数）largequantitiesof+不可数名词/可数名词复数（谓语都用复数）①It’scheapertobuygoodsinquantity/inlargequantities.②AlargequantityofsilkissoldinJapan.③Alargequantityofdrugsarefoundinhishome.④Largequantitiesofrainareneededinthisarea.4.tendvi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理tendtodosth.常常会做某事；趋向于做某事tendto/towardssth.趋于；倾向于tend(to)sb./sth.(=lookaftersb./sth.)照顾；护理……tendencyn.倾向；偏好haveatendencytodosth.往往会做某事①Hetendstogetangrywhenothersdisagreewithher.②Hisviewstendtowardstheextreme（极端）.③Hewastending(to)hissonwhenIsawhiminthehospital.④Janeisnicebuthasatendencytotalktoomuch.=Janeisnicebutshetendstotalktoomuch.5.goup上升；增长；升起；被建造goupby上升了……goupto上升到……godown下降；降低；（船）下沉goinfor从事；致力；爱好；追求gowithout没有……也行；将就goover复习；查看gothrough通过；经历苦难；浏览①Thepriceofthenewhouseinourareahasgoneupby1,000yuanpersquaremeter（平方米）。Thatis（也就是说）ithasgoneupto5,000yuanpersquaremeter.②Thewindhasgonedownalittle.④Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.⑤Weallgoinforwintersports.⑥Newbuildingsaregoingupeverywhere.keepsb.doingsth.使某人处在某状态中keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepback（使）后退；忍住；隐瞒keepoff（使）让开；（使）不接近keepout挡住；使不进去keepto遵守；坚持keepup维持；保持keepupwith跟上；赶上①Whentheteachercamein,theystillkeptontalking.②Nothingcankeephimfromcarryingout（实施）theplan.③Thebosskepthimworkingallday.④Shetriedtokeepbackhertears.⑤Keepyourhandsoffmydress.⑥Closethedoortokeepthedogout.⑦Wesangsongstokeepupourspiritswhenweweremarching（行进）.⑧Wemustkeepupwiththedevelopmentofthesociety.12.glancevi.看一下；扫视n.一瞥glanceat向……一瞥（强调动作）glancethrough/over浏览glanceround扫视atfirstglance/sight乍看一下ata(single)glance（只）看一眼；一眼；立刻take/giveaglance(at)看一下①Heglancedattheenvelope（信封）andrecognizehisuncle’shandwriting.②Heglancedthrough/overthenewspaper.③Sheglancedroundtheroombeforesheleft.④Atfirstglancetheproblemseemedveryeasy.⑤Canwejusttakeaglanceatsomeofyourproducts（产品）?扩展：表示“看”的短语stareat瞪着眼注视glareat怒目而视gazeat（长时间无意识）凝视glimpseat（无意识）瞥见13.onthewhole大体上；基本上ingeneral总的来说；大体上asawhole整个来看；总体上；作为一个整体①Ouropinionsareonthewholethesame.②Ianalyzedhiswordsasawhole.③Ingeneral,ourcarsarereliable.14.averageadj.平均的n.平均（数）；普通水平anaverageof………的平均数above/upto/below(the)average高于/达到/低于平均数on(the)average按平均数计算；一般地讲①Anaverageoftwostudentsisabsenteachday.②Tom’sworkatschoolisabove(the)average.③Thoughheworkshard,hismarks（分数）arestillbelowtheaverage.④Onaverage,over8000peoplecometoZhouzhuangaday.15.existencen.生存；存在bring…intoexistence使产生；使形成comeintoexistence开始存在；形成；成立inexistence实际存在的；现存的；现有的①Thecompanycameintoexistencein1918.=Thecompanywasbroughtintoexistencein1918.②Theelephantisthelargestlandanimal（陆上动物）inexistence.16.onbehalfof代表……一方；作为……的代言人representvt.代表（某人、某团体）①OnbehalfoftheschoolIwouldliketothankyouall.②Hewasrepresentedinthecourt（法庭）byafamouslawyer.17.putupwith容忍；忍受putforward提出putup挂起；张贴；举起；抬起；建造；留宿putaway放好；收起来putaside把……放在一边；储存puton穿上；戴上；上演putin添上；把……写进（信函、故事等）putout扑灭；熄灭putoff推迟putdown把……放下；写下；扑灭；平息①I’mnotgoingtoputupwiththeirsmokinganylonger.②Shewashedthecupsandputthemaway.③Heputupapictureonthewall.④Sheputasidealotofmoneyforherretirement（退休）.⑤LetmeputdownyourtelephonenumberincaseIforgetin.⑥Tomdecidedtoputinanewcharacter（人物）inhisstory.18.solongas只要as/solongas“只要”;还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。solongas只能用于否定句，aslongas既能用于肯定句，也能用于否定句。表示“只要”的表达法：onconditionthat…；provided/providingthat…；suppose/supposingthat;onlyif（在句首，主句倒装）①Solongas/Aslongasyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,you’llwin.②--Ourholidaycostalotofmoney.--Didit?Well,thatdoesn’tmatteraslongasyouenjoyedyourselves.19.circumstancen.环境；情况under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下undernocircumstances决不（位于句首，句子用部分倒装）①Under/Inthecircumstanceshefeltunabletoacceptthejob.②Undernocircumstancesshouldyoulendhimanymoney.20.contributionn.贡献makeacontribution/contributionsto对……作出贡献contributev.捐助；捐献；投稿contributeto有助于；促进；导致contribute…to…向……捐款；向……投稿①Thedoctormakesagreatcontributiontothepublichealth.②Plentyoffreshaircontributestogoodhealth.③Manypeoplecontributedmoneytothepoorchild,whichcontributedtohisreturningtoschool.Awriterwroteastoryaboutitandcontributedittoanewspaper.必会重点句型状语从句的省略省略成分：从句主语+be适用从句：时间、条件、让步等状语从句省略条件：主从句主语一致且从句谓语为be,或从句主语是it,且从句谓语含be同位语从句的用法与名词的关系：同位关系功能：对名词（多为抽象名词）进行解释说明引导词：that,what,which,who,when,whe