2022年河南省焦作市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022年河南省焦作市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Generallyspeaking,thepersonwhocatchesflucancompletelyrecoverforatlast14days.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

AccordingtoThomasSuddendorf,knowingsomeeventshappenedinthepastdoesn't______episodicmemory.

3.

ThenatureofthemagazineTLSis______.

4.

ThetwomajorshiftstheU.S.populationisundergoingarechangesingeographicdistributionandin______.

5.

Tothatchroofs,primitivepeoplesweredependenton______.

6.

ShestudiesatPennsylvaniaCollegeforWomenfirstwithamajorin______thenchangedhermajorto______.

7.

Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare__________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.

8.

Nowadaysemployersoftenaskquestionsdesignedto______.

A.findtheinterviewees'shortcomings

B.findthesolutionsofthecompany'sproblems

C.maketheintervieweesrealizetheyneedtolearnmore

D.discovermoreaboutintervieweeandthewaytheintervieweereacttodifferentsituations

9.Accordingtothepassage,manypeoplewhotraveloverseasexpectto______.

A.seethelocalslivinginaprimitiveway

B.learntechnologydevelopedbyforeigners

C.challengethestereotypeabouttheirmotherland

D.experiencechangestakingplacesinanothercountry

10.

Politicalandeconomicmotivationsbelongtotheessentialnatureofsportsinthehistoryofsports.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

ThereasonwhytheersatznewsthatAlabamachangedthevalueofPispreadwildlywasthat______forwardedthearticletofriendsandposteditonothernewsgroups.

12.

The3Mtagline"Innovation"isconsideredgreat,foritmanagestoblendinthelinetheir______.

13.

Thepointofprogramminglanguagesistopreventourpoorfrailhumanbrainsfrom______.

14.

Thespacerequirementsoffilingareas,libraryspace,etc.shouldbedecidedbasingon______.

15.Whichofthefollowingprovidesdinnercruisesnow?

A.ThePotomacRiver

B.BostonHarbor

C.TheChicagoRiver

D.TheMississippiRiver

16.

Wilcox'sfatherhadoccasionallysoldtherelicsfoundinhislandsince1951.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

ByusingbarcodesdevelopedByWal-Mart,manufacturesenjoyedmoresaysoverretailers.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

AccordingtoEdwardSurarez,peoplewhohavetodomanytasksareproneto______.

19.

Achildwithstrongsocialskillsmaybedifficulttogetalongwith.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Themostcommonfaultamongpoorreadersisthehabitualmakingoftoomany______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(25)

A.Sheisaclerk.

B.Shesaidsorrytotheman.

C.Sheagreedwiththemanatlast.

D.Sheistough.

22.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Ifyou'reinchargeofaproject,thekeytosuccessisgettingeveryonetohelpyou.Asadirector,Isuggest,IgentlypushtheactorsinthedirectionIwantthemtogo.

Inthe1986movieNothinginCommon,JackieGleason'scharacter.MaxBasner,getsfiredfromhisjobasaclothingsalesman.Thescene,shotonaboat,showsMax'shopelessnessaboutbeingoutofwork.IwaslookingforsomewaysthatwouldallowMaxtoshowhisfeelings.

JackiehadfarmoreexperienceateverythingthanIdid,andatfirstIwasfrightened.WhatcouldIpossiblytell"TheGreatOne"aboutacting?OutoffearIdecidedtodirectbysuggestion,andIsatdownwithGleasontotalkaboutthescene."SoMaxissad,right?"Isaid.Gleasonnodded.

"Andhe'sprobablystillcarryinghispenswithhisnameonthem--theonesheusedtohandouttohiscustomers,right?"Gleasonnodded.

"Sowhatwouldyouwanttodowiththepensafteryouwerefired?"

Hewassilentforamoment."Whydon'tIthrowthemoverboard?"

Istoodupandturnedtowardthecrew."Hey,everybody,Jackiehasawonderfulidea.Let'sshootit."

Afterfilmingthescene,Gleasoncalledmeoverandsaidwithasmile,"Garry,whatkindofwonderfulideaamIgoingtohavetomorrow?"

Youandyourteamcandiscovertheanswerstoproblemstogether.Whentherearenoprizesorgoldstarsforthosewhogetthesolutionfirst,you'llallbenefitwheneverythingturnsoutright.

(27)

A.Makeeveryoneworkforyou.

B.Geteveryonetohelpyou.

C.Letpeopleknowyouhavethefinalsay.

D.Keepgivingorderstoeveryone.

23.(29)

A.In1843.B.In1849.C.In1856.D.In1861.

24.听力原文：W:What'swrongwithyou?Youlooksoupset.

M:AssoonasIpickedthereceiverup,theotherendhungupwithoutsayinganything.Itriedeverythingincludingblowingawhistleintothereceiver.

Q:Whatisthemantalkingabout?

(15)

A.Anannoyancecall.

B.Acrosswordpuzzle.

C.Abrokentelephone.

D.Amusicalinstrument.

25.(15)

A.Themantendstorepeathimselfalot.

B.Sheisirritatedatwhatthemansays.

C.Shealsofindsiteasiertoworkthere.

D.Shedoesn'tbelievewhatthemansays.

26.(18)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreakup.

C.Mentalproblems.

D.Drinking.

27.

【B4】

28.听力原文：W:Ah,isthisTVstillonthewarranty?

M:ItshouldbesinceIboughtitonlytwomonthsago.

Q:WhathappenedonthisTVset?

(16)

A.Itisnottheirs.

B.Ithassomeproblems.

C.Itisoutofwarranty.

D.Itwasstolen.

29.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Ironically,intheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.Therewasoftentensionbetweeneachestablishedgroupofimmigrantsandeach【B1】______group.Aseachgroupbecamemore【B2】______successful,andmorepowerful,theyexcludednewcomersfromfullparticipationinthesociety.PrejudiceanddiscriminationarepartofAmericanhistory;however,thisprejudicialtreatmentofdifferentgroupsisnowheremore【B3】______thanwithblackAmericans.

Blackshad【B4】______disadvantages.Forthemostpart,theycametothelandofopportunityasslavesandtheywerenotfreetokeeptheirheritageandcultural【B5】______UnlikemostEuropeanimmigrants,blacksdidnothavetheprotectionofasupportgroup.Theycouldnotmixeasilywiththe【B6】______societyeitherbecauseoftheirskincolor.ItwasdifficultforthemtoadapttotheAmericanculture.Evenaftertheybecamefreepeople,theystill【B7】______discriminationinemployment,housingandeducation.

Untilthetwentiethcentury,the【B8】______oftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.ThentherewasapopulationshifttothelargecitiesintheNorth.PrejudiceagainstblacksisoftenassociatedwiththeSouth.

【B9】______.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated,manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenotadequatefortheirchildren.【B10】______.Naturally,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.

【B11】______.Timewillbetherealsolutiontotheproblemofrace.

【B1】

30.(34)

A.Achangeinthenatureofreading.

B.Anincreaseinthenumberofbooks.

C.Achangeinthestatusofeducatedpeople.

D.Anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders.

31.听力原文：Since1939,numerousscientificstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard.ThetrendoftheevidencehasbeenconsistentandindicatesthatthereisaserioushealthriskResearchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubtthatcigarettesmokingisassociatedwithashortenedlifeexpectancy.

Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthroat.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannonsmokingmakes.Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.

Itmightbehelpfultolookatwhatsmokingactuallydoestothehumanbody.Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporizedchemicals,minuteparticlesofash,andotherthings.Thereisalsonicotine,whichisapowerfulpoisonandblacktar.Asthesmokeisbreathedin,allthesecomponentsform.depositsonthemembranesofthelungs.Onepointofconcentrationofdepositsiswheretheairtubedivides.Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.

SmokingalsoaffectstheheartandBloodvessels.ItisknowntoberelatedtoBeurger'sdisease,anarrowingofthesmallveinsinthehandsandfeetthatcancausegreatpain.Smokersalsodiemuchmoreoftenfromheartdisease.

(33)

A.Femalesmokershavehigherqualityofresistance.

B.Femalesmokershavespecialorgantoavoidsuchdisease.

C.Femalesmokersdonotbreatheinsodeeply.

D.Femalesmokerssmokelesscigarettethanmalesmokers.

32.

【B5】

33.听力原文：W:Haveyoumanagedtoassemblethemachineyet?

M:I'vebeenstudyingthemanualforaboutanhourbutIcan'tmakeheadortailofit.Idon'tknowwhytheyhavemadeitsodifficulttoread.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(15)

A.Themanualisofnouse.

B.Therearesomepartsmissing.

C.Hecan'tunderstandthemanual.

D.Anhourisnotenoughtoreadthemanual.

34.听力原文：W:Robert,Whydidn'tyouhaveyourbiologyclasstoday?

M:Onlytwentyoutofaclassoffifty-sixshowedup.Sincetheprofessorhadplannedtogiveanewlesson,hedecidedtoputofftheclassuntileveryonewaspresent.

Q:Whydidn'thehavethebiologyclass?

(15)

A.Theprofessorwasn'tpresent.

B.Theprofessorputoffit.

C.Toomanystudentsshowedup.

D.Hemissedtheclass.

35.(14)

A.Theyareboilingacupofwater.

B.Theyarestirringacupofmud.

C.Theyarecookingsweetandsourrice.

D.Theyarewritingdowntherecipe.

36.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Didyouknowthatvegetablescanbetrickedintogrowinginclimatestheyarenotaccustomedto?CoolclimatevegetablesarenowabletobegrowninplacesashotasHawaii.InHawaii,marineengineershavebeenabletoactuallyconvincesuchvegetablesthatthey'relivingincoolerclimate.Thatwaytheygrowfasterandtastebetter.Whattheseengineershavebeenusingisverysimplycoldseawater.Howdotheyuseit?Theyplacepipeshithemilandthecoldwaterflowinthroughthemcoolstheair.Thisstimulatesplantsgrowthmidenablesgardenersintropicalclimatestoglowcropsfromcoolerclimates.Alsosomeofthesepipesmexposedtotheairandtheycondensemoistureandthuslitigatethegarden.What'sespeciallyappealingaboutthisprocessisthatnothingdamagingtothenaturalenvironmentisbeingused.Anotherinnovativeuseforcoldoceanwateristocoolbuildings.Engineersbelievethat,forexample,theentirewestcoastoftheUnitedStalescouldbeair-conditionedusingseawater.

(27)

A.Hawaiiiscoolernow.

B.ThevegetableshavebecomeaccustomedtotheweatherinHawaii.

C.Theyarecheatedtobelievethattheyaregrowingincoolclimate.

D.Theyaretransgenicvegetables.

37.听力原文：Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsandtheplantswhichanimalsdependonforsurvival?Thequestionoffersanotherwayoflookingatthe"GreenhouseEffect".Peoplehavetalkedaboutthegeneralproblemof"GlobalWarming"forsometime,buttheywereusuallyworriedaboutthingslikewhethertobuyahouseonthecoast.BiologistsandotherscientiststurnedtheirattentiontoplantsandanimalsatanimportantmeetingthattookplacelastOctober.TheyreviewedevidencethatplantsandanimalsaresensitivetoclimateSincetheIceAgeended10,000yearsagoandwarmertemperaturesreturnedtothenorthernlatitudes,manyspecieshavemigratednorth.Ifthepredictionsaboutthegreenhousearecorrect,temperatureswillrisebythesameamountinthenext100years,astheydidinthepast10,000years.Willanimalsandplantsbeabletoadaptthatquicklytochangeintheenvironment?Manywon't.Certainspecieswillprobablybecomeveryrare.Expertssayplantsunderclimatestresswillbeveryopentodiseaseandfire.Forestfiresmaybecomemorecommon.That,inturn,mayharmanimalsthatdependonthetreesforfoodorshelter.Anypreserveswesetuptoprotectendangeredspeciesmaybecomeuselessasthespeciesareforcedtomigratealongwiththeirnaturalhomes."Changeispartoflife,butrapidchange,"saysscientistGeorgeWoodWall,"istheenemyoflife."

(33)

A.Whetherglobalwarmingwillspeedupinthefuture.

B.Whetheritwillleadtowidespreadfoodshortage.

C.Whetheritcanbedetectedandchecked.

D.Whetheritwillaffecttheirownlives.

38.

【B7】

39.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Oneofthereasonsforoursuccessasaspeciesisourabilitytoeatandthriveonalargevarietyoffoods.Manyanimalspecieshavebecomeextinctorareonthevergeofextinctionpartlybecausetheylackthisadaptability.Theyneedtofeedonparticularfoodplantoraparticularkindofanimalorinsect.Ifthissourceoffoodisforanyreasonremovedthentheanimalconcernedisunabletochangetoadifferentdiet.Graduallyitbecomesextinct.Buthumanbeingsarealmostentirelyfreefromthelimitationofanyparticularfoodrequirements.Weareabletosurviveonawidevarietyoffoodsbothanimalandvegetable.Forexample,theEskimosarealmosttotallymeateaters:seal,bear,whalemeatandfishform.theirwholediet;theAboriginesofAustralia,livingindesertregions,haveleanttosurvivebymakinguseofdifferentinsectsasfoodtosupplementtheirdietofwildfruitsandroots.

(27)

A.Itisanabilitybothmanandanimalspossess.

B.Itisthereasonforman'ssuperiorityoveranimals.

C.Itisoneofthereasonsforman'ssuccessasaspecies.

D.Itisaproofofoursuperiorintelligence.

40.(35)

A.Theclimate,

B.One'ssocialposition.

C.Thematerialsavailable.

D.Familysize.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Itmayseemanoddtimetoworryaboutsavings.ThisweektheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchdeclaredthattheworld's,largesteconomy,America,hadbeeninrecessionsinceDecemberlastyear.TheeconomiesofJapanandmuchofWesternEuropehavebeendeclining.Arapid,global,private-sectorshifttothriftisexactlywhattheworldeconomydoesnotneed.That'swhygovernmentsaroundtheworldhavebeenpassinghurriedmeasurestotrytoencouragepeopletospendmoreoftheirincomes.

Insomecountries,theyshould.Asians(andGermanstoo),havebeensavingtheirmoneywithexcessiveenthusiasm.Butothercountries'citizenshavebeenputtingtoolittleasidefortheiroldage.InAmerica,thehouseholdsavingsratio(theproportionofdisposableincomenotusedforconsumption)hasbeenbelow2.5%since1999;inBritain,ithasbeenbelow3%ineachofthepasttwoyears.TheAsians'thriftmadetheAnglo-Saxons'extravagancepossible.ThroughtheirIncreasinglysophisticatedfinancialsystems,theAmericansandBritishwereabletoborrowfromthethriftyAsianstofinancetheirspending.And,becausetheirhousepriceswererisingsofast,theyhadtheconfidencetodoso.

Inotherwords,Anglo-Saxonswereabletosavetheircakeandeatit.Theydidnothavetosacrificeconsumptioninordertobuildupassetsforthefuture,becauseloosemonetarypoliciesencouragedborrowingthatpushedupthepricesofhousingandotherassets,whichgavethemtheillusionofhavingsavedenough.Butnowthisdebtburdenisbeingunwound,assetpricesarecollapsingandsavingsratesarerisingbecauseconsumersareunwilling,orunable,toborrow.

ThoughthisisbadnewsfortheAmericanandBritisheconomiesintheshortterm,itoughttobegoodnewsinthelongterm.Howgood,though,dependsasmuchonwherepeopleputtheirsavingsasonhowmuchtheyputaside.

TheeconomyofAmerica,sinceDecemberlastyear,hasbeenundergoingastateof______.

42.

Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude"beingfat"______inAmericansociety.

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredasataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

43.

TheauthorofthisarticlebelievesthatChina'economydefinitelyhasthecapacityto______.

44.

【C5】

45.

Bysayingthat"soccerisanattractivetargetforgamblers"(Line1,Para.2),theauthormeansthatgamblers______.

A.areinterestedinplayingsoccer

B.enjoywatchingsoccergames

C.thinkmatchresultshardtopredict

D.findmatchresultseasytomanipulate

46.

WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

A.Wealthpeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

B.Theupperclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

C.Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

D.Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

47.

Nodelayisespeciallyimportantfor______applications.

48.

WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenanelectronicbookandaLCDscreen?

A.Electronicink.

B.Theportabilitytheycometo.

C.Theconveniencetheymake.

D.Thecontenttheystore.

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Formanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:they.mustworktosurvive.Othersfaceaharddecision.

Perhapstheeasiestchoicehastodowitheconomics.Onehusbandsaid,"MargeandIdecidedaftercarefulconsiderationthatforhertogobacktoworkatthismomentwasanextravagance(奢侈)wecouldn'tafford."Withtwopreschoolchildren,itsoonbecameclearintheirfiguringthatwithbabysitters(临时照看小孩的人),transportation,andincreasedtaxes,ratherthanhavingmoremoney,theymightactuallyendupwithless.

Economicfactorsareusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,buttheyarenotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.Itisinthisareathathusbandsandwivesfindthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.

Therearemanywomenwhofindthathomemakingisboringorwhofeelimprisoned(被囚禁)iftheyhavetostayhomewithayoungchildorseveralchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.

Frommyownexperience,Iwouldliketosuggestthatsometimesthedecisiontogobacktoismadeintoomuchhaste.TherearefewdecisionsthatInowregretmore.Iwasn'tmatureenoughtoseehowmuchIcouldhavegainedathome.Iregretmyimpatiencetogetonwithmycareer.IwishIhadallowedmyselftheluxuryofwatchingtheworldthroughmylittlegirl'seyes.

Whichwordinthefirsttwoparagraphsbestexplainswhymanywomenhavetowork?

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,tobevotedonbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic—inparticular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.ButitisnotfaroffthatofoneofthetennewmemberswhichjoinedonMay1st2004(Latvia),anditismuchthesameasthoseoftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcludedaccessiontalkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.

Furthermore,thecountry'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,thesecretary-generaloftheOECD,"stunning".GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearlier,arateofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomesclosetomatching.Turkey'sinflationratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972,andthisweekthecountryreachedagreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year,$10billioneconomicprogramthatwill,accordingtotheIMF'smanagingdirector,RodrigoRato,"helpTurkey...reduceinflationtowardsEuropeanlevels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience(弹性)".

Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry'seconomicstrongpoint.Asrecentlyas2001,GDPfellbyover7%.Itfellbymorethan5%in1994,andbyjustunder5%in1999.Indeed,throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogramrecordingaviolentheartattack.Thisirregularityhasbeenoneofthemainreasons(alongwithredtapeandcorruption)whythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattractmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestment(asapercentageofGDP)islowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,andannualinflowshavescarcelyeverreached$1billion(whereasIrelandattractedover$25billionin2003,asdidBrazilineveryyearfrom1998to2000).

OnedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisduetodisappearonJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixnaughtswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira;oneunitofthelocalcurrencywillhenceforthbeworthwhatlmisnow--i.e.,aboutC0.53($0.70).

Goodswillhavetobepricedinboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,butforeignbankersandinvestorscanbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueconcerningtheeconomicsituationinTurkey?

A.ItlagsfarbehindallofthemembersoftheEU.

B.Turkeyhasachievedstrikingeconomicprogressrecently.

C.ItsGDPgrowthrateishigherthanthatofanyotherEUcountries.

D.Itsinflationrateisfallingtoamorefavorablelevel.

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Caughtinasqueezebetweenthehealthneedsofageingpopulationsononehandandthefinancialcrisisontheother,governmentseverywherearelookingforwaystoslowthegrowthinhealthcarespending.Increasingly,theyarelookingtothegeneric-drugs(普通物)industryasasavior.InNovemberJapan'sfinanceministryissuedareportcomplainingthatthecountry'suseofgenericswaslessthanathirdofthatinAmericaorBritain.InthestonemonthCanada'scompetitionwatchdogcriticizedthecountry'spharmaciesforfailingtopassonthesavingsmadepossiblebytheuseofgenericdrugs.Thatgreed,itreckoned,coststaxpayersnearlyC＄1billionayear.

ThenonNovember28ththeEuropeanCommissionissuedthepreliminaryresultsofitsyear-longprobeintodruggiantsintheEuropeanUnion.Thereportreachedadamning,thoughprovisional,conclusion:thedrugsfirmsuseavarietyofunfairstrategiestoprotecttheirexpensivedrugsbydelayingtheentryofcheapergenericopponents.Thoughthisinitialreportdoesnotcarrytheforceoflaw(afinalreportisdueearlynextyear),ithascausedmuchcontroversy.NeelieKroes,theEU'scompetitioncommissioner,sayssheisreadytotakelegalactioniftheevidenceallows.

Onestrategytheinvestigatorscriticizeistheuseofthe"patentcluster(专利群)".Afirmkeentodefenditsdrugduetogooff-patentmayfiledozensorhundredsofnewpatents,oftenofdubiousmerit,toconfuseandterrifypotentialcopycatsandmaintainitsmonopoly.Anunnameddrugsfirmoncetookout1,300patentsacrosstheEUonasingledrug.Thereportalsosuggeststhatout-of-courtsettlementsbetweenmakersofpatenteddrugsandgenericsfinalsmaybeastrategyusedbytheformertodelaymarketentrybythelatter.

AccordingtoEUofficials,suchmisdeedshavedelayedthearrivalofgenericcompetitionandtheaccompanyingsavings.Onaverage,thereportestimates,genericsarrivedsevenmonthsafterapatenteddruglostitsprotection,thoughwherethedrugwasabigsellerthelagwasfourmonths.Thereportsaystaxpayerspaidabout3billionmorethantheywouldhavehadthegenericsgoneonsaleimmediately.

Buthangonaminute.Thoughmanyofthechargesofbadbehavior.leveledatthepatented-drugsindustrybyEUinvestigatorsmaywellbetrue,thereportseemstoletthegenericsindustryoffthehook(钩子)toolightly.Afterall,ifthedrugsgiantsstandaccused,ineffect,ofbribingopponentstodelaythelaunchofcheapgenerics,shouldn'tthecompaniesthatacceptedthose"bribes"alsosharetheblame?

Whyaregovernmentsaroundtheworldseekingwaystoreducetheirhealth-carespending?

A.Theyconsiderthegeneric-drugsindustryasasavior.

B.Theyareunderthepressureofaginggroupandfinancialcrisis.

C.Health-carespendinghasaccountedtoolargeproportion.

D.Health-carespendinghascosttaxpayerstoomuchincome.

52.

Whenadiabeticpatientfeelsuncomfortablewhileexercising,______.

A.heneedstoholdonandcontinueexercising

B.hemayprobablygetalowbloodsugarlevel

C.itisbecausehe'sdonethewrongexercise

D.heshouldstillrefrainfromsweetfood

53.

Thefactthatmagicisafrequentsourceofwordsofpraisesuggeststhatpeople______.

A.lacklinguisticoriginality

B.havealwaysbeeninterestedi