上海市2023届高考模拟英语试卷（含答案解析）

上海市2023届高考模拟英语试卷

学校:姓名：班级:考号：

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent

andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththe

properformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ACloseShave

KazirangaNationalParkinIndiaishometotwooftheworld'smostendangeredspecies:

thetigerandthesingle-homedrhino.PhotographerSteveWinterandwriterDouglas

Chadwickhadonlybeenworkingthereafewdayswhentheyhadverycloseshavewithsome

rhinos.

They](drive)intotheparktostartfilmingwhentheirguidestoppedthejeep

tomoveaturtlefromthemiddleofthereadjustaheadofthem.Winter,Chadwick,andtheir

guardgotouttostretchtheirlegsandwatch.ButwhenChadwickturnedtolookuptheroad,

hesaw2terrible:arhinochargingatthem!

3rhinoscanrunmorethan25milesanhour,therewasnotimetoleapbackin

thecarInstinctively,theguardfiredashotintothegroundjustinfrontoftherhino.Thecrack

ofthegunandthedirtthatthebulletkickedupwasenough4(distract)their

attackeranditsteeredoffintothegrasssecondsbeforereachingthem.

5(relieve)theincidenthadnotbeenworse,theydroveon.Astheywere

enteringtheforestarea,threeyoungrhinosenteredtheroadinfrontofthem.Thejeep

stoppedhurriedly,butthistimetheanimalsseemeduninterestedanddisappeared6

theforest.Justthen,however,themotherofthethree,7hadbeenkeepinganeyeon

heryoung,camecrashingthroughthetrees.Notimetoshootthistime.Thefemalerhino

slammedintothesideofthejeepandstartedtowrestleitofftheroad.Indianrhinosdon'tuse

theirhornsinafight;insteadtheybiteandthis色male'steethweredeepintothesideofthe

jeep.

TheguidehadlaiddownaruleforhisguestsatKaziranga:noone8scared.

Buthisguestswerebreakingtherule,prayingthedrivercouldgetthemoutofthere.Withthe

engine9(scream),atlastthevehiclestartedtomove.Eventhentherhinocameafter

themanditwasonly500feetlater10shegaveupthechase.

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcan

onlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.adoptedB.approachingC.demonstrationD.expansionE.featuredF.focus

G.forecastedH.maintainedI.nonrenewableJ.optimistic.K.surviving

EarthDayTurns50About20millionAmericansturnedoutforthefirstEarthDayon

April22,1970.Lecturesandgatheringstookplaceatmorethan2,000collegecampuses,

10,000elementaryandhighschools,andthousandsofotherplacesacrossthecountry.

Forty-twostates_____H_____resolutionssupportingEarthDay.Itissometimesdescribed

as,uptothattime,thelargestpublic12inhistory.

Thelecturesandliteraturesurroundingtheevent13lotsofdepressing

predictionsaboutthefuture,whichcouldbefoundinthebookTheEnvironmentalHandbook.

Itscovernotedthatithadbeen"preparedforthefirstnationalenvironmentalteach-in.^^

Commissioned（委托）bythegroupFriendsoftheEarth,thebooktalkedaboutthethreatsof

risingpopulationandexhaustionof14resources-Manyofitscontributors——lefs

callthemtheCatastrophists—warnedthatevensuchactionsashalvingthenumberofhuman

beingsandstoppingeconomicgrowthcompletelymightnotbeenoughtopreventthe

15ecologicaldisasters.

Adifferentgroupofresearchers16thatwhileeconomicgrowthand

technologicalprogresshadcreatedsomeecologicalproblems,thesethingsalsowouldbea

sourceofsolutions.LefscallthesefolksthePrometheans.TheeconomistTheodoreSchultz

arguedintheBulletinoftheAtomicScientistsin1972thatthe17ofmodern

agriculturewouldfreeupmorelandfornature.Otheradvocatesofthismore18

outlookincludedtheoceanographerCyAdler,theeconomistChristopherFreeman,and

NatureeditoremeritusJohnMaddox,authorofthe1972bookTheDoomsdaySyndrome.

Today,theEarthDayNetworkhopesabillionpeopleacrosstheworldwillparticipatein

EarthDay2020,wherethe50thanniversary19willbeonman-madeclimate

change.LivingaswedointhefuturethattheCatastrophistsandthePrometheans（灾变论者

与开仓U者）20,nowisagreattimetolookbackattheclaimsmadefive

试卷第2页，共12页

decadesago.

三、完形填空

Withbillionsofstarsinourgalaxy（银>可系），manycircledbyplanets,thechancesare

thereshouldbeadvancedlifecapableofreachingouttous.Yetafterdecadesoflookingand

listening,wehavefound2j.

ThisapparentconflictisknownasFermi'sparadox-Somehaveusedittoarguethatthe

searchforextraterrestrial（外星球的）intelligence（SETI）issureto22.

ButamathematicalanalysisofSETIsearchesdonesofarclaimsthattheusual

explanationfortheparadox—thatthereisnobodyoutthere—is23.Instead,it

suggeststhebestexplanationissimplythatwehavebarelyscratchedthesurfaceinour

24forextraterrestrialintelligence.

JasonWrightatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalysedthemany

variablesinvolvedinSETI,whichinvolvessearchingforradiosignalsfromother

25.Theseincludewhattolookfor,wheretolook,howoftenandforhowlong.

Theythendevisedanequationthatcomputesthe26ofthegalaxycheckedsofar.

TheteamsaysthatthevolumeofthegalaxythathasbeencheckedbySETIsofaris

roughly27tojustasinglebathtubofwaterintheworld'soceans.

“Youdon'thavetodoacalculationtosaywe'veonlyjust28says

DuncanForganattheUniversityofStAndrews,UK,whoisamemberoftheUKSETI

researchnetwork.5,Butthey'vedoneanicejobofshowingthehugescaleofthe

problem29

AswellasputtingSETIincontext,theequationcanhelpresearchersseewhichsearch

techniqueshavebeenusedlessthanothers.30,weonlydevelopedthe

technologytolistenforhigherradiofrequenciesquiterecently.^Butwe'regettingbetterat

that,sothatvariablewillnowshrink,“saysForgan.

However,advancesin3jwillonlytakeussofar.Certainvariables,such

ashowoftenamessagefromspacemightberepeated,cannotbe32.Asignal

sentonceayearcanonlybelistenedoutforonceayear.9,Therearethingswecandobetter

andthingswecan,t,,,saysForgan.<4Wejusthaveto33andwaitforthe

universetodoitsthing.^^

Forganhasabookcomingoutthatdiscusses66potential34forFermi's

paradox.TheyincludethepossibilitythatEarthissomehowunusualinitsabilitytoharbour

intelligentlifeorthattechnologicalcivilisationsarerare.Orperhapstheyare

35butshort-lived.4lGeneticornucleardisastersmightwipeyououtJsays

Forgan.

21.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything

22.A.aniveB.joinC.failD.improve

23.A.possibleB.simpleC.relativeD.false

24.A.huntB.loveC.serviceD.region

25.A.individualsB.civilisationsC.surroundingsD.organisations

26.A.sourceB.centreC.edgeD.part

27.A.subjectB.equivalentC.availableD.committed

28.A.rememberedB.mentionedC.describedD.started

29.A.progressivelyB.mathematicallyC.syntheticallyD.occasionally

30.A.ForexampleB.What'smoreC.InsummaryD.Bycomparison

31.A.technologyB.computationC.radioactivityD.astronomy

32.A.measuredB.challengedC.changedD.interpreted

33.A.setoffB.sitbackC.putupD.takedown

34.A.demandsB.benefitsC.explanationsD.applications

35.A.weirdB.boringC.excitingD.common

四、阅读理解

Lidar,shortfor"lightdetectionandranging”,involvesdirectingarapidseriesoflaser

pulses-between100,000and400,000persecond—atthegroundfromanairplaneoradrone.

Softwarecapturesthetimeandwavelengthofthepulsesreflectedfromthesurfaceand

combinesitwithGPSandotherdatatoproduceaprecisethree-dimensional（三维的）mapof

thelandscapebelow.Thesehigh-techexplorationshaverevealedlong-buriedMayancities,

includingTikal,inthedensejungleofGuatemala,andCaracol,inBelize.

Inrecentyears,lidarexposedanancientcityinwesternMexicocalledAngamuco.The

discoveryofthislong-lostMexicancityisespeciallysignificant.BuiltbythePurepecha,who

wereenemiesoftheAztecs,Angamucowasamajorcivilizationintheearly16thcentury,

试卷第4页，共12页

beforeEuropeansarrived.

“TothinkthatthismassivecityexistedintheheartlandofMexicoforallthistimeand

nobodyknewitwasthereiskindofamazing,“saysChrisFisher,anarchaeologist（考古学

家）atColoradoStateUniversitywholedtheexploration.

Thecityextendedovertensquaremilesbeforeitwascoveredbyalava（岩浆）flow.

“Thatisahugeareawithalotofpeople,“saysFisher.46Youaretalkingabout40,000building

foundations,whichis[about]thesamenumberofbuildingfoundationsthatareontheisland

ofManhattan.v

ArchaeologistsweresurprisedwhentheysawAngamuco'scityplan.ThePurepecha5s

monumentswerelargelyconcentratedineightzonesaroundtheedgesratherthanbeing

locatedinonelargecenter.WhythisalmostLosAngeles-typesprawl（随意）？Historianswant

toknowtheanswertothattoo.

TherevelationofAngamucoisanexampleofthepowerandpromiseoflidar.

Archaeologistsdiscoveredsignsoftheburiedcityin2007andinitiallyattemptedtoexploreit

usingatraditional"bootsontheground,,approach.Buttheteamsoonrealizedthatwiththe

ruggedterrain（畸岖的地形）,itwouldtakeatleastadecadetooutlinetheentiremetropolis.

In2011,theybeganusinglidartomapnearly14squaremiles,revealingsome

astonishingfeatures,frompyramidsandtemplestoroadsystems,gardenareas,andevenball

courts.Thisgavethemthe"map"theyneededtoknowwheretoexplorefurther.Sofar,

Fisherandhisteamhaveverifiedmorethan7,000architecturalfeaturesovera

1.5-square-milearea,withdiggingundertakenatsevenlocations.

Alltold,researchersnowbelievethatmorethan100,000peoplelivedinAngamuco

fromaboutAD1000toAD1350.ThatmakesitthebiggestcityinwesternMexicoatthe

time—oratleastthebiggestcityweknowaboutsofar

^Everywhereyoupointthelidarinstrument,youfindnewsaysFisher."Right

now,everytextbookhastoberewritten,andtwoyearsfromnow,they'regoingtohavetobe

rewrittenagain.44

36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofAngamuco?

A.ItwasconstructedbyAztecs.

B.ItisamajorcivilizationofMexico.

C.Itwasdestroyedintheearly16thcentury.

D.ItcameintoexistencebeforeEuropeansarrived.

37.WhathashelpedarchaeologistsfindthatAngamucoisalargeareawithalarge

population?

A.Itslonghistory.

B.Itsbeingunknownforlong.

C.Thenumberofbuildingfoundationsinit.

D.ThecompetitionbetweenAztecsandit.

38.Whichofthefollowingisstillamysterytohistorians?

A.ThereasonforAngamuco'scityplan.

B.ThereasonwhyAngamucodisappeared.

C.TheroleAngamucoplayedinhistory.

D.TheroleAngamucoplayedinarcheology.

39.WhatdoestherevelationofAngamucoillustrate?

A.Mexicanhistoryisworthexploring.

B.Lidarisausefultoolforarcheologists.

C.Mapsareimportantinexploringhistoricalsites.

D.MoretimeneedstobedevotedtostudyingAngamuco.

About14.5percentofourgreenhouse-gasemissionscomefromlivestock（家畜）.But

whatifyoucouldeataburgerwithouthavingacow?

WhenMarkPostgrewthefirstlab-madebeefin2013,thepatty（"closetomeatbutnot

thatjuicy,^accordingtoonetastetester）cost$330,000.Theestimatedpriceofa

frankenburgerisnowamuchmorereasonable$12,andsomestart-upssaymockmeatwillhit

shelveswithinacoupleofyears.

Plantswillmostlikelyalwaysbethegreenestprotein,butculturedmeatcouldatleast

becomemoresustainablethanfleshgrownonthebone.Here'showsomeestimatessayitwill

shakeoutinlandandwateruse,andemissions.

409PROPANETANKS（瓦446,OOOTOILETFLUSHES

1/5FOOTBALLFIELD

斯罐）（冲水）

MakingametrictonofOurculturedmeatLab-grownfoodwould

lab-grownproteinwouldn'twouldemitabarbecueuse713,265gallonsofwater;

requiremuchland,accordingtournament'sworthofmorethan200timeswhatyou

试卷第6页，共12页

toresearchersHannagreenhousegas.Thafslesssenddownthetoiletannually.

TuomistoandAvijitRay.Butthanone-tenththeAmetrictonofold-school

the2.6fieldstakenupemissionsofrealbeefbutbeefproteintakes16million

cultivatingthesameproteinmorethandoubletheflushes.Waterisdecreasing

fromfava,kidney,orblackamountofsoybeans,aandagriculturedoesmostof

beansaren'twasted:Theseveganfavourite.Onthetheconsumption,sotest-tube

cropshelpkeepfieldshealthyotherhand,productslikebeefmightbeworthwhilefor

storingnutrientsinsoil.Sotofurequirefurtherbeandiscounters.

we'cessing,whichmeans

moregas.

40.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoflab-grown

beef?A.Ithasalreadysoldwell.

B.Itisnowmoreaffordable.

C.Itismoresustainablethanplants.

D.Itfirstemergedinthe20thcentury.

41.Thetableinthepassageisintendedto.

A.callforourattentiontosomeenvironmentalissues

B.explainwhylab-grownbeefiswell-received

C.illustratehoweco-firiendlybeefequivalentis

D.justifyouractionstogiveuptest-tubebeef

42.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetable?

A.Culturedmeattastesbetterifbarbecuedproperly

B.Lab-grownbeefemitslessgreenhousegasthantofu.

C.Test-tubebeeftakesmuchmorewaterthanold-schoolbeef

D.Makingametrictonoflab-grownproteinrequires2.6fields.

Asartificial-intelligenceproductssteadilyimproveatpretendingtobehuman-anAI

producedvoicethatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthat

answersconsumers,questionsonline-peoplewillincreasinglybeputintheunsettling

situationofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingtoamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuch

productslesseffective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency（透明度）and

cooperationinhuman-computerinteractions.

Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeaseriesofdecisionsto

cooperatewithorbetraytheirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforbothtokeep

cooperating-butthereisalwaysthetemptationtobetrayandearnextrapointsshortterm,at

thepartner'sexpense.TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that,whenposingasa

person,implementedastrategythatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnersto

cooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientists

wonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.

Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilityto

cooperate（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief.4tSadly,

wefailedatthisgoal,“saysTalalRahwan,acomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityin

AbuDhabiandaseniorauthoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachine

Intelligence.fctNomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.,,Arobot

playingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthananotherhuman,eventhough

itsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.（Ineachmode,therobotplayed50

roundsagainstatleast150individuals.）Inanadditionalexperiment,playersweretold,"Data

suggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreattherobotasifitwereahuman."Ithadnoeffect.

VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmea

UniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisestheresearchersfbrexploring

thetransparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper's

particularsetup.

Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementtobe

deceivedaboutarobot'sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-byinteractionbasis,orelse

the“deception“obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpennissionfbroccasionaldeception,

evenifitcanbeobtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumans

shouldhavetheoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscalling

customerservicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,“Ijustwanttogetmyanswer.”

43.Theword"trade-off“isclosestinmeaningto.

A.balancingB.combiningC.distinctionD.agreement

44.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallytaketowardsrobots?

试卷第8页，共12页

A.Highlypositive.B.Casual.C.Stronglyopposed.D.Distrustful.

45.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?

A.Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers?assumption.

B.Theywilldrawpeople'sattentiontorobots,problems.

C.Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.

D.Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.

46.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?

A.TalalRahwan'sresearchfindingscan'tapplytothereal-worldsituations.

B.Blanketpermissionforinteractingwitharobotdoesmoreharmthangood.

C.Peopleneedn'tbetoldthattheyareinteractingwitharobotonalloccasions.

D.Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.

五、六选四

Aselectionfromthetrolley

Thetrolleyproblemusedtobeapopularquestioninphilosophicalelhics（伦理学）.Il

runsasfollows:atrolley,oratrain,isspeedingdownatracktowardsajunction（三叉路口）.

Someevildoerhastiedfivepeopletothetrackahead,andanotherpersontothebranchline.

Youarestandingnexttoalever（操纵杆）thatcontrolsthejunction.Donothing,andthefive

peoplewillbekilled.Pullthelever,andonlyonepersondies.Whatistheethicalcourseof

action?

47Atrulyself-drivingcar,afterall,willhavetobegivenethicalinstructions

ofsomesortbyitshumanprogrammers.Thathasledtoaboomfbrtheworld'sprofessional

ethicists,whosuddenlyfindthemselvesinhotdemand.

InapaperjustpublishedinNature,ateamofpsychologistsandcomputerscientists,led

byEdmondAwadoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）,describeadifferent

approach.48

Theycreatedawebsitewhichpresentsvisitorswithaseriesofchoicesaboutwhomto

saveandwhomtokill.Thewebsiteprovedahit.Intheenditgatherednearly40mdecisions.

Thestrongestpreferences,expressedbyrespondentsfromallovertheworld,werefor

savinghumanlivesoveranimalones,preferringtosavemanyratherthanfewandprioritising

childrenovertheold.49

IyadRahwan,acomputerscientistatMITandoneofthepaper'sauthors,saysthatmany

peopledismissthetrolleyproblemaspointlessasitisunlikelytoariseinreallife.Heis

unconvinced.Thespecificsituationsdescribedbythewebsitemayhardlyeveroccur,hesays.

50Hegivestheexampleofovertakingcyclists:t4Ifyoustayrelativelyneartothe

cyclelane,you'reincreasingthechanceofhittingacyclist,butreducingthechanceofhitting

anothercarinthenextlaneover,^^hesays.

A.Butallsortsofchoicesmadebythefirmsproducingself-drivingcarswillaffectwholives

andwhodiesinindirectways.

B.Ratherthanaskingphilosophersfortheirthoughts,theydecidedinsteadtoaskthepublic.

C.Thatseemstoconflictwithmostpeople'smoralpreferences.

D.Thepreferenceforsavingwomen,forinstance,wasstrongerinplaceswithhigherlevels

ofgenderequality.

E.Therewereweakerpreferencesforsavingwomenovermen,pedestriansoverpassengers

inthecarandfortakingactionratherthandoingnothing.

F.Theexcitementaroundself-drivingcars,though,hasmadetheproblemfamous.

六、概要写作

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemain

ideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

SharkattacksinU.S.waters—andhowcommontheyreallyare

ThefirstAmericansharkpanicbeganinthehotsummerof1916,whenaseriesof

attacksoftheJerseyShorekilledfourintwoweeks.Thiswasthoughttobetheworkofa

singlegreatwhiteshark-aspeciesnativetotheAtlanticcoastandthesamelikelyinvolved

inrecentattacks.Inatimewhenlittlewasknownaboutbeastsfromthedeep,thedeathswere

bignews.Onepaperwarnedthat,facingascarcityoffish,thesharkhad"probablyacquireda

tasteforhumanflesh.”

But1916didnotstartanewtimeofhuman-huntingsharks.Therateofattacksinthe

U.S.stayedrelativelystable,attwoorthreeperyear,fordecades.Fromthe1950son,that

numberrosewithhumanpopulationgrowth,anditsattendantincreaseofpeopleinthewater.

Globally,bothnumbershavebeenclimbingfastersincethelate1980sandintothe21st

century,butsuchencounterswithsharksarestillremarkablyuncommongiventhatthehuman

试卷第10页，共12页

populationissome7.5billion.In2017,53oftheworld's88confirmedattackstookplaceon

U.S.coastlines,with31inFlorida-buteventhere,you'refarlesslikelytobekilledbya

sharkthanbylightning.Thankstobeachsafetyandhospitalaccess,onlyfiveoflastyear's

globalattackswerefatal.

“Ifsharkswereactivelyhuntingpeople,we'dseefarmoreattacks,saysGavinNaylor,

directorattheFloridaMuseum'sProgramforSharkResearch.

Statistically,sharkshavefarmoretofearfromusthanwedofromthem-fisherieswipe

outanestimated100millioneachyear,andclimatechangeandotherhumanactivityhave

threatenedsharkhabitats,sendingtheirglobalpopulationintodecline.Butthatdoesn'tmake

itanylesssadwhenthebeastsbiteback.

七、汉译英（整句）

52.这个名不见经传的小村落每个季节都有自己独特的美丽。（unique）（汉译英）

53.尽管感到精疲力竭，但这位马拉松选手并没有半途而废。（halfway）（汉译英）

54.没想到这个记者这么快就给我回信了，所以我迫不及待地拆开信封，想看看她写了

什么。（expect）（汉译英）

55.发展经济不能忽略生态环境，生态环境保护也不能舍弃经济发展。（nor）（汉译英）

八、申请信

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructions

givenbelowinChinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你所在社区的图书馆正在招募志愿者，暑期来图

书馆服务，负责接待来馆借阅的外籍人士。你有意报名，写一封申请信给图书馆，内容

须包括：

1）你的意愿；

2）你认为自己适合这一志愿者工作的理由。

试卷第12页，共12页

参考答案:

1.weredriving2.something3.As##Since##Because4.to

distract5.Ro7.who8.wasallowed9.screaming10.that

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师史蒂夫・温特和作家道格拉斯•查德威克

在印度的卡兹兰加国家公园侥幸脱险的故事。

1.考查时态。句意：当他们开车进入公园开始拍摄时，他们的向导停下吉普车，从他们前

面的路中间移走一只乌龟。bedoing…when…正在做某事的时候，突然……。陈述过去事情，

所以用过去进行时。主语是they,所以谓语动词用were。故填weredriving。

2.考查代词。句意：但当查德威克回头看路的时候，他看到了可怕的一幕：一头犀牛向他

们冲来！结合句意，肯定句中，用不定代词something,放在形容词之前。故填something。

3.考查连词。句意：因为犀牛每小时可以跑超过25英里，所以没有时间跳回车里。结合句

意可知，前后句为因果关系，所以用连词as/since/because,表示原因。故填As/Since/Because。

4.考查非谓语动词。句意：枪的裂纹和子弹踢起的泥土足以分散袭击者的注意力，子弹在

击中他们之前几秒钟就转向了草地。enoughtodo足够做某事。故填todistract。

5.考查形容词。句意：事情没有变得更糟，他们松了一口气，继续开车。形容词relieved,

意为“放松的”，在句中作状语。故填Relieved。

6.考查介词。句意：吉普车匆匆停下，但这次动物们似乎不感兴趣，消失在森林里。名词

theforest前用介词形式。介词into表示“到...里面故填into。

7.考查定语从句。句意：然而，就在这时，一直在照看孩子的三只熊的妈妈从树林里冲了

出来。先行词为themotherofthethree,在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who

引导。故填who。

8.考查时态和语态。句意：向导给他在卡兹兰加的客人定了一条规矩：任何人都不能害怕。

陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语noone与allow之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故

填wasallowed<.

9.考查非谓语动词。句意：随着引擎的呼啸声，汽车终于开动了。介词with后宾语theengine

与scream之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填screaming。

10.考查强调句。句意：即使在那时，犀牛也在追赶他们，直到500英尺后，她才放弃追逐。

本句为强调结构：itwas+强调部分+that从句。故填that。

答案第1页，共14页

11.A12.C13.E14.I15.B16.H17.D18.J19.F20.G

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了第一个地球日的盛况，以及一些专家对于环境问题的不

同态度。呼吁人们参与地球日，重视环境问题。

11.考查动词。句意：42个州通过了支持地球日的决议。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填

入动词作谓语。结合选项，动词adopted”采取，正式通过"，adoptedresolutions"通过决议”

符合题意。故选A。

12.考查名词。句意:它有时被描述为到那时为止历史上最大规模的公开示威。根据“thelargest

public”可知，空格处应填入名词。根据“Lecturesandgatheringstookplaceatmorethan2,000

collegecampuses,10,000elementaryandhighschools,andthousandsofotherplacesacrossthe

country.”可知，it指代的是上文所描述的在2,000多所大学，10,000多所小学和高中，还有

整个国家其它成千的地方发生的演讲和聚集活动，故名词demonstration"游行，示威“，符合

题意。故选C。

13.考查动词。句意：围绕这一事件的演讲和文献中有许多关于未来的令人沮丧的预测，这

些可以在《环境手册》一书中找到。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入动词作谓语。结合句

意，关于未来的预测是包含在讲座和文献中的，动词featured”以……为特色，以……为主要

组成”，符合题意。故选E。

14.考查形容词。句意：受“地球之友”组织委托，这本书讨论了人口增长和不可再生资源枯

竭的威胁。根据“of4resources”可知，空格前后为介宾结构，所以应填入形容词修

饰名词resources“资源结合选项，形容词nonrenewable”不可再生的“，符合题意。故选I。

15.考查形容词。句意：该报告的许多作者——让我们称他们为灾难论者——警告说，即使

是将人口数量减半和完全停止经济增长这样的行动，也可能不足以防止正在来临的生态灾难。

分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入形容词修饰名词disasters“灾难根据上文“predictions

abouttheftiture”可知，书中描述的关于未来的预测，所以该句中的灾难是将要发生的。

approaching为approach”接近，临近''的现在分词形式，可充当形容词作定语。Approaching

意为“正在来临的“，符合题意。故选B。

16.