全英实务(8)课件

Chapter8

CargoTransport

Insurance全英实务(8)Keypoints:Basicconcepts:

insurer,insured,underwriter,applicant.Risks:PerilsoftheSea&ExtraneousRisksLoss:

TotalLoss&PartialLossBasicRisks

andAdditionalRisksofCICCalculationofInsuredAmount全英实务(8)SomebasicconceptsApplicant(投保人)

≈

Theinsured（被保险人）Underwriter

(承保人)

=Theinsurer（保险人）

=insurancecompanyInsuranceBroker：anagentwhosellsinsurance.Claimant:someonewhoclaimsabenefitortitle.

InsuredAmount(保险金额)Premium(保险费)Insurancepolicy

(保险凭证/保单)Premiumrate(保险费率)全英实务(8)SomeChinese&foreigninsurersPICC(People’sInsuranceCompanyofChina)CorporationofLIoyd’s劳合社:

水险、航空、汽车、卫星等.ING荷兰国际集团

(No.13ofWorldTop500)AXA法国安盛

(No.15ofWorldTop500)Allianz

德国安联

(No.16ofWorldTop500)AIG

美国国际集团

(No.20ofWorldTop500)GENERALI

意大利忠利(No.21ofWorldTop500)AVIVA英国英杰华

(No.28ofWorldTop500)全英实务(8)

InternationalCargotransportInsuranceRisks1.Perilsofthesea

Naturalcalamities:

Causedbytheforcesresultingfromthechangesofnature,e.g.vileweather,thunder,lightning,tsunami,earthquake,flood,etc.

b.Fortuitousaccidents:

Theaccidentsresultingfromunexpectedcauses,e.g.thecarryingconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,orincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,aswellasfireorexplosion.全英实务(8)

2.ExtraneousrisksTherisksbesidetheperilsofthesea.

(NotcoveredbyW.AorF.P.A.)Generalextraneousrisks（一般外来风险）:

includetherisksoftheft,shortage,leakage,dashedbyfreshandrainwater,sweatingandheating,intermixtureandcontamination,taintofodor,hookdamage,breakageofpacking,rusting,etc.(becoveredonlybyAllRisks)Specialextraneousrisks（特殊外来风险）:

includetherisksondeck,war,strikes,failureofdelivery,rejection,pirate(searover),etc.全英实务(8)3、Oceanlosses

a.TotallossActualTotalLoss:Theinsuredsubjectmatteristotallyandirretrievablylost.(2)

ConstructiveTotalLoss:

Itisestimatedthattheactualtotallossofcargoisinevitableorthecostofsalvageorrecoverycouldexceedthevalueofthecargo.

返回目录全英实务(8)

Partialloss

(1)GeneralAverageloss:共同海损

Aspecialsacrificeandextraexpenseintentionallyincurredforthegeneralinterestsoftheshipowner,theinsurer,andtheownersofthevariouscargoesaboardtheship.(2)ParticularAverageloss:

单独海损

Aparticularcargoisdamagedbyanycauseandthedamagedoesnotcomeuptoatotalloss,i.e.,onlyapartialloss,whichshallbebornebytheowneroftheindividualconsignment.返回目录全英实务(8)C.

Maritimecharges

(nointhebook)

(1)Sueandlaborcharges:

施救费用

Thereasonableexpensestosave,protect,orreducethelossbyinsuredandthepolicybeneficiary.Italsoshouldbecoveredbytheinsurer.(2)Salvagecharges:救助费用

Theexpensesofthethirdpartytosuccessfullysavethecargoandtheship.Accordingtotherelativelaws,theinsurershallpaytothesalver(thirdparty).Butthereisaprinciple,i.e.,“nosave-nopay”.全英实务(8)II.

ChinaInsuranceClauses

(CIC)Thecontents(sameasInstituteCargoClause):a.Basicrisks

(3conditions)

：

F.P.A.

FreefromParticularAverage(平安险)W.P.A.

orW.A.

WithParticularAverage,WithAverage（水渍险）

Allrisks

(一切险)

返回目录全英实务(8)1.

F.P.A.

(平安险)

FreefromParticularAverage8circumstances:Actualtotallossorconstructivetotallossfromnaturalcalamity,i.e.

vileweather,bore,earthquake,flood…

The

Insuredmustauthorizetheinsurerifitistheconstructivetotalloss.(2)Totallossorpartiallosscausedbyfortuitous

accidents,i.e.

stranded,collisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,fireorexplosion……(3)Partiallosscausedfromnaturalcalamityagainbeforeandafterfortuitousaccidents(4)Totallossorpartiallossofoneorseveralpiecesofcargodroppingintotheseawhenshipmentorduringtransport.全英实务(8)Continued:(5)Reasonableexpensestosave,protect,orreducethelossbyinsured,butnomorethantheinsuredvalue.(6)Specialexpensesofunloading,storageandshippinginharborageaftershipgettingperilsofthesea.(7)Thesacrifice,sharingandthechargesofgeneralaverage.(8)Ifthetermof“collisionwith

ships”isinvolvedintransportcontract,theownersofthecargoesshouldcompensatethelossoftheshipowner.全英实务(8)2.

W.P.A.

or

W.A.

(水渍险)Itcoverspartialloss

duetonaturalcalamity

(vileweather,lightning,tsunami,earthquakeand/orflood)aswellastheriskscoveredunderF.P.A.conditionasmentionedabove.3.Allrisks

(一切险)

AsidefromtheriskscoveredundertheF.P.A.andW.A.conditions,italsocoversallrisksoflossesordamagetotheinsuredgoodswhetherpartialortotal,arisingfrom

externalcausesinthecourseoftransit(generalextraneousrisks).返回目录全英实务(8)RelationsbetweenthreekindsofbasicinsurancecoverageF.P.A.=W.P.A.－

ParticularAverageW.P.A.(W.A.)=F.P.A.+ParticularAveragecausedbynaturalcalamityAllRisks=F.P.A.+ParticularAverage+GeneralAdditionalRisks=W.P.A.+GeneralAdditionalRisks全英实务(8)W/WClause:Warehousetowarehouseclause:1.Fromthewarehouseindeparturetothefinalwarehouseindestination;

2.or60daysafterunloading.返回目录全英实务(8)b.

Additionalrisks

(attachedrisks)

Thesekindsofriskscan’tbecoveredindependently;theyshallbeunderwrittendependingononeofthebasicrisks.1).Generaladditionalrisks

(11conditions)

2).Specialadditionalrisks

(8conditions)

全英实务(8)1)Generaladditionalrisks

11generalconditions

tobe

coveredbyAllRisks1.Clash&breakage/碰损破碎险2.Taintofodor/串味险3.Freshwater&/orraindamage/淡水雨林险4.T.P.N.D.Theft,pilferageandnon-delivery/偷窃、提货不着险5.Shortage/短量险6.Leakage/滲漏险7.Intermixture&contamination/混杂玷污险8.Hookdamage/钩损险9.Sweatandheating/受潮受热险10.Rust/锈损险11.Breakageofpacking/包装破碎险全英实务(8)2)Specialadditionalrisks

9specialconditionsBesidesAllrisks,thefollowingrisksshouldbebought

inaddition:1.

Warrisks/战争险

directloss&generalaverageofit;onlyonboardofshiporlighter,butnotforlossofatombomb.2.Strikerisks/罢工险

directloss&generalaverageofit3.Aflatoxin/黄曲霉素险4.Failuretodeliver/交货不到险

nodeliveryafter6months5.Ondeckrisks/舱面险6.Importdutyrisk/进口关税险

totaldutyfordamagedgoods.7.Rejectionrisk/拒收险

rejectedbyimportinggovernmentF.R.E.C.(FireRiskExtensionClauseathongKong)/

港澳存仓险火险扩展条款9.Piraterisks/海盗险全英实务(8)CalculationofinsuredamountRateofInsuredAddition:

CIForCIPx10%Insuredamount=CIF(orCIP)x(1+10%)

IfitisanimportconsignmentunderFOBterm:Insuredamount

=FOB(or

FCA)

x

(1+transportrate+insuredrate)Ifconsignmentpriceandfreightisgiven(CFRorCPT):CIF(CIP)=CFR(orCPT)

/1-【Insuredrate

x(1+10%)】Premium=CIF(orCIP)x(1+10%)x

Premiumrate全英实务(8)ExercisesShanghai-VWAutoJointventurewillexportcarstoAden

Yemen

underCIFterm.Thesalescontractsaysasfollowing:

Insurance:Tobecoveredbythesellerfor110%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstAllRisks,Warrisksandpiraterisks.TheinvoicevalueisEUR1,500,000CIFAdentherateofAllRisksis0.8%,therateofWarrisksis0.13%,andthepiraterateis0.5%.

Plscalculatethe

insuredamountand

thepremium.Ifthepiraterateisincreasedto5%,howmuchisthepremium?全英实务(8)Insuredamount=CIF(CIP)x(1+10%)

Premium=CIF(CIP)x110%

x

PremiumrateInsuredamount=EUR1,500,000x(1+10%)

=EUR1,650,000Premium=Insuredamount

x

Premiumrate=1,650,000x(0.8%+0.13%+0.5%)=1,650,000x1.43%=EUR23,595Ifpiraterateischangedto5%:Newpremium

=1,650,000x(0.8%+0.13%+5%)=1,650,000x5.93%=EUR97,845全英实务(8)Waystomaketheinsuranceclause保险由卖方按发票金额的0.4%投保平安险（水渍险/一切险）,以中国人民保险公司2008年11月的有关海洋运输货物保险条款为准。

Insurance:Tobecoveredbythesellerfor0.4%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstF.P.A.(W.P.A./AllRisks),asperandsubjecttotherelevantoceanmarinecargoclausesofPeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChina,datedNov.2011.Additionalrisks附加险条款举例：

加保战争险，费率0.03%；短量险，费率0.02%,短量免赔率0.5%.IncludingWarRisksfor0.03%andshortageofweightfor0.02%inexcessof0.5%.全英实务(8)Summary:ConceptsaboutinsurancePerilsofthesea&Extraneousrisks

Totalloss:

ActualTotalLoss&ConstructiveTotalLossPartialloss:GeneralAverage

&ParticularAverage3BasicRisks

ofCIC:F.P.A.,W.P.A.,Allrisks11Generaladditionalrisks&9SpecialadditionalrisksofCICCalculationofinsuredamountandpremiumHowtomaketheinsuranceclause全英实务(8)I.Singlechoicequestions.1.Thepersonwhoentersintoaninsurancecontractwithinsureriscalled()

A.theinsuredB.underwriterC.brokerD.agent2.UsuallytheminimumamountinsuredshouldbetheCIFvalueofthegoodsplus()A.40%B.30%C.20%D.10%3.WhichofthefollowingrisksisnotcoveredinFPAcoverage?()

A.generalaverageB.fireC.salvagechargesD.war4.WhichofthefollowingrisksisnotcoveredinAllRiskscoverage?()A.naturalcalamitiesB.strikeC.fireD.collision全英实务(8)5.Whichofthefollowingcoveragedoesnotcoverpartiallossordamageresultingfromnaturalcalamities?()A.W.P.A.B.F.P.A.C.AllrisksD.InstituteCargoClause6.Damagetocargoesunavoidablyincurredinthecourseoffire-fightingoperationscanberegardedas().

A.particularaverageB.generalaverageC.partiallossD.totalloss7.Thetermcargoinsuranceappliesto()transportation.

A.marineB.airC.landD.allofthethree全英实务(8)8.The()referstothepersonwhopaysthepremium.

A.insurerB.insuredC.freightforwarderD.insurancebroker9.“ParticularAverage”isdescribedinthepolicyas“fortuitous()loss”.

A.partialB.totalC.intentionalD.accidental10.FPAprovidesamorelimitedcoverthanWPAsinceitdoesnotinclude()lossesanddamagesfromnaturalcalamities.

A.partialB.totalC.generalD.accidental全英实务(8)11.FPAisnotsuitablefor()cargo,whichcansufferlossesordamagebypilferageorbreakageofcontents.

A.bulkB.unpackedC.generalD.common12.WAmeanswith“()”bothfrom“GeneralAverage”and“ParticularAverage”.

A.partiallossB.totallossC.averagelossD.average13.Warrisksdifferfromstrikes,riotsorcivilcommotioninthatitexcludesthegoodsintransit().

A.byseaB.byairC.onthelandD.byinlandwaterway全英实务(8)14.WarRisksareaddedtothe()insurancecover.

A.generalB.particularC.averageD.main15.FPA()contributiontoGeneralAverage.

A.isexcludedB.isincludedC.excludesD.includes16.WhichofthefollowingrisksarecoveredbytheAllRiskscoverageofPICCOceanMarineCargoClauses.()

A.WarandFireB.StrikeanddelayC.AflatoxinandondeckDHeavyweatherandfire全英实务(8)17.Whichofthefollowingcoveragedoesnotcoverpartiallossofdamageresultingfromnaturalcalamities.()A.WPAB.FPAC.ICC(B)D.ICC(A)18.()definedaslossarisingintheconsequenceofextraordinaryandintentionalsacrificemade,orexpenseincurred,forthecommonsafetytotheshipandcargo.A.ParticularaverageB.GeneralaverageC.WithoutaverageD.Withaverage19.WhichofthefollowingrisksisnotcoveredbytheAllRiskscoverageofmarinecargotransportationinsurance().A.delayB.floodC.lightingD.heavyweather全英实务(8)20.Thegeneralguidingrateoftheinsurancepremiumis()oftheamountinsured.A.0.5%B.1%C.2%D.10%21.Ininternationaltrade,theinsuredamountisoftenthe()valueoftheconsignmentplus10%.

A.FOBB.CFRC.CIFD.DDU22.W/Wclauseistheliabilitiescommencementandterminationperiodof()

A.carrierB.shipperC.consigneeD.insurance全英实务(8)II.Multiplechoicequestion(chooseatleasttwoanswerswhicharecorrectinthefollowings).Whichofthefollowingprinciplesareapplicabletomarinecargoinsurance?

A.insuranceinterestB.utmostgoodfaithC.indemnityD.allrisks2.WhichofthefollowingrisksarecoveredinAllRiskcoverage?A.warrisksB.strikerisksC.rustrisksD.shortagerisks全英实务(8)3.Thepremiumratesmayvarydependingonfactorssuchas()A.typeofgoodsB.valueofthegoodsC.modeoftransportationD.typeofriskscovered4.Whichofthefollowingrisksbelongtothegeneraladditionalrisks.()

A.FPAB.WPAC.leakagerisksD.intermixtureandcontaminationrisks

5.InstituteCargoClause(B)coverslossordamagetocargocausedby().

A.earthquakeB.volcaniceruptionC.lightingD.fireorexplosions全英实务(8)6.Principlesofmarinecargoinsuranceinclude()

A.premiumB.insurableinterestC.indemnityD.utmostgoodfaith7.Thepremiumratesmayvarydependingonfactorssuchas

A.modeoftransportationB.typeofgoodsC.valueofthegoodsD.containerorbulkshipment8.AllRisksprovideinsuranceagainstallrisksoflossordamagetothecargoinsuredexceptforthosedamagesorlosseswhicharedueto().

A.earthquakeB.delayC.strandingD.inherentvice全英实务(8)9.Insuranceisessentiallyacontractbetweentwoparties,namely()

A.theinsurerandtheinsuredB.theimporterandtheexporterC.theinsurancecompanyandtheownerofcargoD.theinsurancebrokerandtherepresentativeactingonbehalfoftheowner10.Partiallossesincurredasaresultofspecificcasualtiessuchas()arecoveredinFPA.

A.burningofthevesselB.lightingC.strandingD.sinking11.Thebasictypesofinsurancecoverageinclude().

A.FPAB.WPAC.ARD.WarRisks全英实务(8)12.ICC(B)coverslossofordamagetocargocausedby().

A.earthquakeB.groundingC.lightingD.fireorexplosions13.AllRisksofmarinecargotransportationinsurancecoversrisksof()

A.warandstrikeB.generalaverageC.inherentviceofgoodsD.strandingofship14.UnderCIF,iftheB/LisissuedonJuly20th,theinsurancepolicycanbeissuedon().

AJuly10thBJuly15thCJuly20thDJuly21st全英实务(8)15.()arethepartiesofinsurancecontract.

A.InsurerB.InsurancebrokerC.InsuredD.Insuranceagent16.()canbesolelycovered.

A.FPAB.WPAC.TPNDD.Allrisks全英实务(8)17.()arecoveredinAllriskscoverage.

A.warrisksB.strikerisksC.rustrisksD.shortagerisks18.W/WClauseissuitableto().

A.FPAB.TPNDC.WarRisksD.StrikeRisks19.Whenchoseinsurancecoverage,theinsuredshouldconsider().

A.thecharacteristicsofthecargoB.thepackingofthecargoC.thetransportationmodeandrouteD.theportofcall全英实务(8)III.Trueorfalse.