2017-2018扬州市高三上期中试卷及答案

-2018学年度第一学期期中检测试题高三英语2017.11本卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题），满分120分。考试时间120分钟。第I卷（选择题，三部分，共85分）第一部分听力（共两节，每题1分，满分20分）第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydoesthemanneedamap?A. TotourManchester. B.Tofindarestaurant. C.TolearnaboutChina.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoforvacation?A. Gotothebeach. B.TraveltoColorado.C.Learntosnowboard.3.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A. Takethejob. B.Refusetheoffer.C.Changetheworkinghours.4.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutJohn?A. Hewon'twaitforher.B,Hewon’tcomehometoday.C.Hewon’tbeontimefordinner.5.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A, Ordersomeboxes. B.Gohomeandrest. C.Continueworking.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。6.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.7.Whatdothespeakersagreeabouttakingthetrain?A.Itissafer.B.Itisfaster.C.Itischeaper.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。8.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Saveupforthecar.B.Gotoanothercardealer.C.Asksomeonetocheckthecar.9.Whatisthesalesmangoingtodo?A.Giveadiscount.B.Sticktoahighprice.C.Askforcashpayment.10.Howwillthemanhelpthewoman?A.Lendmoneytoher.B.Drivehercarhome.C.Takecareofhercar.听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelivingexpensesinthecity?A.Fairlylow.B.JustOkay.C.Veryhigh.12.Whatdoesthewomanspendmoston?A.Meals.B.Trains.C.Clothes.13.Whatdoesthewomandoinherfreetime?A.Seefilms.B.Travelaround.C.Goforadrink.听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。14.WhatwillRebeccadoonJune12?A.Goonabusinesstrip.B.Organizeatradeexhibition.C.MeetthepeoplefromHeadOffice15.WhatisJohnpreparingforthemeeting?A.Areport.B.Atimetable.C.Aspeech.16.Whendothespeakersdecidetohavethemeeting?A.OnJune3.B.OnJune10.C.OnJune17.听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。17.Whatdidthespeakerdecidetodoafterlunchthatday?A.Staytohelpherfriend.B.Walkalonetohercar.C.Waitforthetraintostop.18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakerthen?A.Sheworkedatahotel.B.Shehadboughtanewcar.C.Shewashavingababysoon.19.Wheredidthespeakermeetthetaxipassenger?A.Atacrossroads.B.Infrontofahotel.C.Besideacarpark.20.Whatdoesthespeakertalkabout?A.Anexcitinglunchparty.B.Awell-knownshortstory.C.Anunforgettableexperience.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21.SkyHuntersuccessfullycapturesthebraveryofPLAsoldiers,______doesWolfWarriorII,butmetwithboxofficefailure.A.so B.which C.what D.as22.Playingwiththeirpeers,childrenlearnto___________andnotdoexactlywhattheywanttodo.A.compromise B.compete C.contribute D.construct23.Comeoffit!Oversleepingisaslameanexcuseas_________other.A.one B.each C.some D.any24.WorldFoodDayisheldeachyeartounderlinetheprogressthat_________ againsthungerandthatstillneedstobemade.A.ismade B.wasmade C.hasbeenmade D.willbemade25.WhentheadmissionletterfromHarvardUniversityarrived,Ben5sparentswere ______andthrewabigparty.A.inthered B.tickledpink C.aswhiteasasheetD.inabluemood26.Inordertostandoutamongallthetrainees,youneedtosharpenyourskills________ youfeelstrongandconfident.A.that B.where C.when D.what27.Ourfootballteamhadaleadinthematch,butthelastminutegoaloftheguestteam_________ .A.gaveitaway B.putitaway C.wipeditaway D.carrieditaway28.Insteadofmakingchoicesfortheirchildren,liberalparentsusuallysay,“Gowhereyou_______.”A.will B.should C.can D.must29.Membershipofthisclubisopentothosewhoare_________ itsaim.A.insaluteto B.inhonourof C.inlinewith D.insympathywith30.DidyouwatchthefinalmatchofChinaOpenyesterday?Sure.I________itsoattentivelythatIforgottocooksupper.Shinythingsabsorblessheatwhenleftinthesun.ThismeansthatiftheEarthcouldbemadealittleshinieritwouldbelesslikelytosufferglobalwarming.Waystobrightenit,suchasaddingnanoscalespecks(纳米级)ofsalttolowclouds,makingthemwhiter,orputtingathinhazeofparticlesintothestratosphere(平流层),arethefieldof“geoengineering”（地球工程）.Asmallbandofscientistshavemostlybeenusingcomputermodelstostudythesubject.Someofthemarenowproposingoutdoorexperiments—usingseawater-fedsprayerstosprayoutparticlesoftheexactsizeneededtobrightenclouds,orscatteringsulphurparticles(硫粒子）fromunderneathalargeballoon20kmupinthesky.Thescientistshopetounderstandsomeoftheprocessesonwhichthesetechnologiesdepend,asawayofbothmeasuringtheirpossibility(canyoureliablymaketheproperamountofseasaltbrightenclouds?)andassessingtheirrisks(howmuchdamagetotheozonelayermightastratospherichazedo,andhowmightsuchdamagebeminimized?).Theexperimentswouldbefartoosmalltohaveanyclimaticeffects.Theamountofsulphurputintothestratospherebytheexperimentalballoonwouldbe2%ofwhatapassengerjetcrossingtheAtlanticemitsinanhour.However,manyscientistsdoubtwhethergeoengineeringexperimentshaveanyeffects.Andsomeenvironmentalistssaythatsuchexperimentsreflectthehubris(傲慢)ofhumans,whobelievetheycantoywithnature.Geoengineeringisnotanalternativetorelievingclimatechangebycuttingcarbonemissions.Evenifemissionsdostarttofall,thecutswilltakedecadestohaveanyeffectsotemperaturesarelikelytogoonrisingforsometime.Theplanetisnotgettingcoolerandthepressuresontheclimateareunlikelytogoaway.Itisthereforenottoohardtoimagineaworld,decadesfromnow,inwhichemissionsarefallingbuttemperaturesarerisingsteeplyandtheabilitytoadapttothemhasbeenstretchedtoofar.Anadditionalwaytostabilizetemperaturesmightthenseemappropriate.Geoengineeringoffersthatpossibility.58.Theaimoftheoutdoorexperimentsinparagraph1is .A.torelievetheglobalwarmingB.tobrightenthecloudsC.totestthecomputermodelsD.tostudygeoengineering59.Thegeoengineeringclimateexperimentwouldhardlytakeanyclimaticeffectbecause______A.scientistsaren’tsurewhetherseasaltcanbrightencloudsB.geoengineeringwouldminimizethedamagetotheozonelayerC.theamountofsulphuremittedbyaballoonisverysmallD.apassengerjetemitsmuchmoresulphurthanaballoondoes60.Evenifcarbonemissionisreducedrightaway,___________.A.globalwarmingwillberelieved B.climaticpressurewillberemovedC.thetemperaturewillremainstable D.globalwarmingwilllastforyears61.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat .A.passengerjetsareamajorcauseofglobalwarmingB.scientistsdon’tshowduerespectfortheenvironmentC.geoengineeringisbetterthancuttingcarbonemissionsD.cuttingemissionsisn5tenoughtorelieveclimatechangecFormonthsfishthatliveindarkcavesinMexicogowithoutfood.Theyhavegonefarlonger—thousandsofyears—withoutlight,evolvingtolosetheireyesandskinpigments(色素）Nowresearchershavediscoveredthesestrangecreatureshaveanotheroddity.Tosurvivetheirfood-scarceenvironment,thefishhaveevolvedextremewaysofturningnutrientsintoenergy.Thesefeaturescreatesymptomslikelargebloodsugarswingsthat,inhumans,arepredictorsoftype2diabetes.Butinthefishthesechangesareadaptations,notadisease.Thesecavefishleadlongandhealthylives.Understandinghowthefishremainhealthyinspiteofthesesymptomsmayleadtonewapproachesfortreatingdiabetesinpeople,saysCliffTabin,ageneticistatHarvardMedicalSchool.Heandhiscolleaguesarebeginningtogetcluesabouthowcavefishsurvivethesymptoms.Inhumansandothermammals,oneofthefirstsignsoftype2diabetesriskispoorcontrolofbloodsugar(glucose).Thishappensbecausecellsresistinsulin,thehormonethatsignalscellstotakeinglucosefromthebloodstream.Iftheproblemscontinue,theyprogressintofull-blowndiabetes.Theillnesskills3.4millionpeopleworldwideeveryyear,butcurrenttreatmentsoftendonotwork.Thecavefishhas,apparently,figuredoutanothersolution.Thefishwerewashedfromriversintocavesaboutamillionyearsago.Itwasabigchange.Riverswerefulloffoodbutcaveshaveonlywhatiswashedinbyseasonalfloods.Becausecavefishgomanymonthswithoutfood,researchersassumedtheyevolvedametabolism(新陈代谢）thatefficientlystoresthecaloriesinasimilarwayanimalsstorefatbeforewinter.Totestthatidea,theycomparedthecavefishwiththeriverfishraisedundersameconditionsinthelab.Theyfoundthecavefishdostoremorevisceralfatthanriverfish.Butthecavefishalsohadmuchlarger,fattylivers,whichresembleddiabetes-linkedfattyliverdiseaseinhumans.“Butyoudon’tseedestructionoftheliverintheseguys,”Tabinsays.“It’sverycurious.”Cavefishresearchersarenowworkingtofindouthowthefishdoit.“Theonlypieceoftotalevidenceisthatthemetabolicrateislowerinthecavefishthanintheirriverfishrelatives.,,saysAlexKeeneofFloridaAtlanticUniversity.“Theremightbesomethingaboutslowenergyuseincellsthatprotectsagainstdiabetes.”hesays,"Findingthatsomethingwill,likefishing,requiresomepatience.”62.Whatinterestsresearchersmostinthecavefishisthat___________.theyhaveevolvedtolosetheireyesandskinpigmentstheyhaveevolvedwaysofturningnutrientsintoenergytheyhaveexperiencednosymptomsofdiabetesinhumanstheyhavesurvivedfromsymptomsofdiabetesinhumans63.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3that .insulindisturbsthecontrolofbloodsugarinsulintakesinglucosefromthebloodstreaminsulinpreventstheriseofbloodsugarD.insulintendstoprogressintofull-blowndiabetes64.Researchersstudythemetabolisminthecavefishmainlyby .testingtheefficiencyofstoringfatinsidethemcomparingtheirfatamountwiththatintheriverfishcomparingtheirfattyliverswiththoseofhumansobservingtheirliversstoringfatwithnodestruction65.Itcanbeconcludedthatthefeaturesofthecavefish .haveenabledresearcherstofindoutnewwaystotreatdiabeteshaveinspiredresearchersaboutnewtreatmentsfordiabeteshavebroughtinmanynewideasabouthowtotreatdiabeteswillbeusedasatreatmentfordiabetesinthenearfutureDEversincehisapplaudedfirstnovel,KazuoIshiguro,now60,hasmanagedtomaintainasteadyliterarydrive,asteadyamountofcreativespace,andasteadysuccessrate.TheBuriedGiant,Ishiguro'sseventhnovel,andhisfirstinadecade,isasriskyasitisattractive.Itisasortofhistoricalfantasynovelfilledwithdragonsandknights(骑士）.Itdealswiththeology(神学）onthesurface,butitisalsodeeplyhuman,rootedinthemesfundamentaltothehumanexperience:love,history,andtheabilitytorememberitall.JANEGAYDUK:Howwouldyoucopewiththeideaofmemory—ahugethemeinTheBuriedGiant—ifyouweretosetastorylikethatintheagewhereeverythingisonline?KAZUOISHIGURO：Oneofthequestionsthatattractmerightnow—IsupposethesearequestionsthataroseinmymindasIwaswritingTheBuriedGiant,buttherewasnoroominthebookitselfforexploringthem—wouldbe,wheredothememorybanksinamodemsocietyexist?AndIthinkthatquestionhasgottenreallycomplicatednow.MaybeinsimplersocietiessuchastheoneIdescribeinTheBuriedGiant—Idon’tthinkthosesocietiesweresimplebutperhapstheyweresimplerintermsofthisparticularquestion—youcouldpointtoyourlivingmemory,whattheoldestpeoplestillrememberaboutwhathappened,literallywhatishandeddown.JANEGAYDUK:Doyouthinkthischangesthenatureofhistory?Itusedtobewrittendownbyaselectfewpeoplewhohadthepowertoshapestories,butnowit’salmostlikeeveryindividualparticipatesinshapinghistoryandthought.KAZUOISHIGURO:Ifyouleavetheofficialaccountofanation’shistory,acommunity’shistory,tojustahandfulofpeople,Ithinkthat'samoredangeroussituation.Particularlyififsahandfulofpeople,whoareusuallytheupperlevels,whocouldwritethehistorybooksandthenhavethosehistorybookstaughtinschools.Ofcourseskilled,disciplined,andtalentedhistorianshavealwaysbeenvitaltoasociety,andIthinkthey'llcontinuetobevita!toasociety,butinsomewaysIfeelencouragedbythefactthatsomanyordinarypeoplenowhavetheabilitytoputdowntheirimpressions;atleastthere’sthepotentialthattheirvoiceswillbeassessedandheard.Justasanexample,whenIwasresearchingTheRemainsoftheDay,whichisaboutanEnglishbutler(管家）,IassumedI’dfindalotofaccountsbypeoplewhohadworkedinservicebecausethat’swhatanenormousproportionofpeopleinBritaindidbetweentheFirstandSecondWorldWar.AndIwasamazedtofindalmostA .Therewerescholarlybookswrittenbyacademicsaboutthehistoryofbutlers,butactualpersonalaccountswrittenbypeoplelikethatwerealmostzero.Iguessit’sbecausepeopleofthatclassdidn’tfeelitwastheirplacetowritethingsdown,andtheyprobablydidn'thavethetoolsorthetime,orperhapstheeducationeventowritethingsdown,andsoconsiderablehumanexperiencedisappeared.Ithinkthereissomethingencouragingaboutpeoplebeingabletorecordthingseverywhere,butwithsuchamassiveamountofdata,thereneedtobeverycomplicatedmeansofcontrollingitanddecidingwhichbecomesthemainthingsthatdeterminethewaywerememberwhatweexperienced.JANEGAYDUK:Onthetopicoffinishingbooks,didyouwritepasttheofficialendingofTheBuriedGiantorwasthatyournaturalend?Ifelttheconclusionwaskindofacliffhanger.KAZUOISHIGURO：Idon'treallythinkoftheendingasacliffhanger,butmaybeit’smoreambiguousthanIintended.ThatistheendingIalwayswanted,though.Withallmybooks,I’maimingforacertainemotiontocomeoverwiththebookasawholeandusuallythatistheemotiontheendingshoulddeliver.Ican5tdeliverthatemotioninanearned,properwayunlesstherestofthebookhasworked,soPmalwaysveryawarethattheendingisnotsomethingIaddwhenthestoryisfinished.Forme,theendingforallmybooksisthearrivalpoint;ifswhatI’vebeenaimingatallalong.66.Ishigurodidn’tdiscuss“thememorybanks”inhisnovelbecause .hewrotethenovelinthedigitalerathenovelisnotcenteredonmemorythereisnospacetotalkaboutitinthebookhedoesn’tthinkthesocietyinthenovelissimple67.WhydoesKazuoadmireordinaryindividuals’participationinshapinghistory?Becausetheirrecordedhistorywillbetaughtinschools.Becausetheycanmakeuptheirownhistory.Becauseordinarypeopleareimportanttosociety.Becausehistorycanbeviewedfromvariousangles.68.Whichexpressioncanbeputinthegapinparagraph4?A.somethinginteresting B.historicaldetailssomefamousfigures D.acompleteblank69.Theunderlinedwordttcliffhanger,'probablyreferstoa(n)________ending.A.abrupt B.normal C.unfinished .D.loose70.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat___________.Ishgurodoesn5tliketheendingofTheBuriedGiantIshgurohasacleargoalbeforewritingtheendingIshguroaddsanemotionalendingonpurposeIshgurodoesn'tcareabouttheendingatall第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。Translationisanessentialtoolforcommunicationbetweenbusinesses,betweencompaniesandtheircustomers,betweenorganizations,andbetweencountries.Themostcommonwaytogetatranslationdoneistogothroughatranslationagencyoratranslator.Butthepastfewyearshaveseentheappearanceofanewtypeoftranslators:machinetranslators.NowadaysapersoncanpointhissmartphoneatasignindowntownJapanandamachinetranslationappwilldisplaythetextonthesigninEnglish.So,withsuchadvancedtechnologybeingcreated,thequestionarises,willhumantranslatorswillbejoblessinfuture?WhentalkingaboutMachineTranslationsweallthinkofGoogleTranslatefirst,foronething,itisthemostfamousonewithmorethan500millionusersworldwide.Itisahugenumbercomparedtohumantranslators:over330,000translatorsinternationallywhichisjust0.0045%oftheworldpopulation.GoogleTranslatetranslates100billionwordsperday,thatis,41,666,666wordsperhour,incomparison250wordsperhouraretranslatedbyprofessionals.Onaveragehumantranslationof1wordequalsto$0.11,whichmeansthatifwegavethejobdonebyGoogleTranslatetoprofessionalstheywouldhavedailyjobsof10,000wordswhichmultipliedby$0.11is$1100aday.Itseemsthatmachinetranslatorshavetakentheleadinthecompetitionwithhumans.However,noteverythinginthegardenisrose.Noteverylanguageisofferedbymachinetranslationtools:whileGoogledtranslationgivesplentyoflanguages,whatifyourrequiredlanguageisn’tonthelist?Thebiggestcomplaintregardingmachinetranslationisthatitmayevenbasicallyprovidealiteral,word-for-wordtranslation.Thetranslation,eventhoughitmaybecomprehensible,willnotsoundnaturalatall,willnotbewell-structuredandmaynotkeeptheoriginalmeaning.InacontestheldbyaKoreanuniversity,GoogleTranslatewentupagainstagroupofhumantranslators.Google'stranslationsonlyscoreda28outof60possiblepointswhilethehumansscoredmuchbetter,withahighscoreof49outof60.Unlikeamachine,whendoingtranslation,ahumantranslatormusttakeintoaccountthestyleofthesourcetext:context,humor,irony,andidiomaticexpressions.Missingthespiritandaesthetic(美学的）characterofthesourcetextislessexcusablethanafewerrorsintranslationofwords.Contentthatistargetedtoaspecificaudiencerequiresamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofthemessaging.Unlikemachines,humansunderstandwhentobeliteralandwhentoparaphrase(意译)fortheiraudience.Machinetranslatingtechnologyisgettingbetterdaybyday,butithasalongwaytogobeforebeingperfect.Itislikelythatinthefuturehumantranslatorswillworkalongsidemachinetranslatorsandusethesoftwareproducedtranslationasanaidoraguide,inordertoproducetheirowntranslations.Butonlyifweprovideimprovement.WillMachineTranslation(71)____HumanTranslation?72)___ofhumantranslationOnlyasmallnumberofpeoplecanhave(73)_____tohumantranslators.Humansareslowerthanmachinesincompletingtranslation.Humantranslationis(74)___▲____comparedwithmachinetranslation.ChallengesfacingmachinetranslationThelanguagesthatmachinet