2022年山东省枣庄市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022年山东省枣庄市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Czerwinskifoundthatnootherchangetoacomputersystemcouldmoresignificantlyimproveauser'sproductivitythan________.

2.

ResearchesinthewildfieldevaluatingthetwomostcommonBtcornplantsshowedthatthetoxinabsorbedwastoo______.

3.

Youcanconcludethatworkersbefore1935were______thantoday'sworkers.

4.

Moravec'sideaofroboticimmortalityisapprovedbytheauthor.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Allthemigratorybirdscanfindtheirhomewiththehelpofsun,starsortheEarth'smagneticfield.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

In1998,Nikolic-Jaricfailedherthesisprojectbecauseof______

A.herhusband'sdeath

B.herownhaste

C.herdiscouragement

D.hernewapproach

7.

SingaporeansbelievethatalackofChinese-speakingskillsisadisadvantageinthe21stcentury.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Tofindoutifyouhaveafevercausedbyillness,waituntilyou___________foranhourorsobeforeusingathermometer.

9.

Spacepolicyisdominatedbypolities.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Itis______thatdrivesbirdstobecomeintelligent.

A.societynecessity

B.physicalneed

C.geneticinformation

D.psychologicalrequest

11.

Someadsfailbecauseoflackoforiginality,andtheadagenciessufferfinanciallossfromthat.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Ifyoudisagreewiththewayyourex-spouse______,youcanaskthecourttodecidethebestinterestsofthechildregardingsuchissuesasreligiousinstructionormedicalcare.

13.

Self-cleaningtoiletbowls,builtonthelatestnanotechnology,arewidelyavailableinNorthAmerica.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.PreparingforTests

Ideallyitshouldbeloveoflearning,achievement,andself-improvementthatpromptsalllearning.Buttheaveragestudentisprobablymotivatedbyamoretangible,immediate,andpressuringreason—thereqirementtotakeandpasstests.Fewhighschoolstudentsarenotconcernedwiththeaptitudeandachievementteststhattheymusttaketogetintocollege.Evenstudentsnotplanningtoattendcollegewilltakeplacement,adaptability,andpromotiontestsiftheyaretosucceedintheirfield.Promotioninthearmedservicesdoesnotdependonphysicalprowess(本领)andlengthofservice.Itdepends,instead,ontheabilitytostudyandpasspromotionaltests.Youneedtounderstandtheimportanceoftests,thebestmethodsofpreparation,thecommonsenserequiredforbothaphysicalandmentalapproachtothem,howtoreadinstructionsandquestionscorrectly,andhowtoanswerthewaythetestorteacherexpectyoutoanswer.Thisisoneofthemostvaluablepsychologicalbenefitsthatcancomefromyoureducation.

AttitudetowardsTests

Dr.FrancisP.Robinsoninhisbook,EffectiveStudy,posesaquestion:"Didyoueverthankateacherforgivingatest?"Atfirstglanceyouarenotlikelytofindmuchinyourthinkingthatwouldhelpinspirea"Yes".Theteacherspendsalotoftimepreparingthetestquestions.Afteryouhavetakenthetest,theteacherspendsmanyhourscarefullyevaluatingyourpaper.Mistakesaremarkedsothatwhenyourpaperisretrunedyoucangooverthemandperhapswriteincorrections.Thenyouwillnotmakethesamemistakesagain.

TestasaPersonalBattle

Doyou,likemanyofyourfellowstudents,consierthetestorexaminationsasapersonalbattlewhichtheteacherwagesinanattempttodefeatyou,ordoyouseeitasacontestinwhichonetriestooutwittheother?Ifthisisyourattitudetowardstests,youprobablydooneoftwothingswhentheteacherreturnsyourpapertoyou.One,youthrowitawaywithoutbotheringtodomorethanglancethroughittoseewherepointsweretakenoff.Ortwo,withoutcheckinganimcompleteansweragainstthefactsasstudied,youapproachtheteacheranddemandtoknowwhypointsweretakenoff.Thisisthemostnegativeofapproaches.Thedifferenceinattitudecanbeseeninthedifferencebetweentwoquestions:"Whydidyoutakeoffpointsonthisquestion?"and"WhatshouldIhaveincludedthatIdidnot?"

FearofTakingTests

Anotherattitudethatyoushouldavoidisthatoffear.Fearoftakingtestresultsintensionanddisturbedthinking.These,inturn,produceblindspots(notbeingabletorememberanswersthatyouknewtenminutesbeforethetest)andcarelessmistakes.Thisfearalsokeepspeoplefromventuringintonewareasinlife.Theymayvisualizethenewmethod,thebettertool,orthestrongbridge,buttheyhesitateuntilsomeoneelserealizestheirdreams,

Fearpreventssuccessontestsandexaminationsbecausefearconditionsthemindforfailure.StudentswhoareafraidstartinaStateofconfusionanddisorder.Thustheythrowawaytheadvantagestheyhavegottenbypreparation.Studentswhoapproachtestswithfeararealmostswayscharacterizedbythefollowing:(1)Theirgradeisconsiderablylowerthantheirdailyrecitationgrades,sometimesasmuchastwentypointslower.(2)Theycomplainabouttheteacher—insufficientexplanation,lackofdetailedreview,etc.(3)Theyfindfaultwiththetestmaterials—toolong,notthetypeofquesti

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Ayoungfatchildhasmore______togetridoffatproblemthananoldone.

16.

VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Arab,LatinAmerican,andNorthAmericanculturesallhavesimilarperceptionsofpersonalspace.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

InThailand,themostpopularsecondlanguagenowadaysisChinese.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

SomescientistsagreedwithClayton'sclaimandfoundmoreevidencestosupportit.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Anormalrangehasbeenestablishedforbodytemperature,bloodpressure,pulse,height,etc.forhealth.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：Longago,nooneinEuropesmoked.Thetobaccoplantwasunknownthere.ItgrewinAmericaandChristopherColumbusfounditthere.LaterhereturnedtoEuropeandtoldpeopleabouttobacco.HesaidthattheAmericanIndiansoftensmokedit.Theythrewsometobaccoleavesonafire,thenputlongtubesintheirmouths.Theotherendsofthetubeswereoverthefire,sotheywereabletodrawthesmokeintotheirmouth.

Abouttheyear1560aFrenchman,JeanNicot,waslivinginLisbon,Portugal.HewasveryinterestedinallAmericanplants.SomeofthemwereverydifferentfromtheplantsofEurope.Heusedtheleavesofthetobaccoplanttocurepain.Whenamanhadabadpaininalegoranarm,Nicotputtobaccoleavesonthepainfulplaceandtriedtocurethepaininthatway.Wesaynowthattobaccocontainsnicotine.Thewordnicotinecomesfromthisman'sname.

SirWalterRaleighwasafamousmaninthedaysofQueenElizabeththeFirst.Hetraveledwidelyandlearnttosmoke.ThenhereturnedtoEngland,buthedidn'tstopsmoking.Heusedtosmoketwopipeseverydaysecretlyinhisroom.Whenanyonecamein,hequicklyhidhispipe.Amancameinandfoundcloudsofsmokeintheroom.MoresmokewascomingfromRaleigh'smouth,sothemangotsomewaterandthrewitoverRaleigh.HebelievedthatRaleighwasburning.Heranoutofthehouseandtoldeverybodyaboutit.Afterthis,smokingwasnotasecret.

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A.InAsia.B.InEurope.C.InAmerica.D.InLatinAmerica.

22.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.It'sanunwisedecision.

B.Individualprojectsaremuchbetter.

C.Thedecisionwilldefinitelyberejected.

D.Manypeopletrytoloseweightnowadays.

23.(31)

A.Hisnameandtelephonenumber.

B.Hisnameandcareer.

C.Histelephonenumberandpayment.

D.Hisownwordsexplaininghiskindact.

24.(32)

A.ThatshegotalotofgoodideasfromNancy

B.Thatsheisworkinghappilyatherpresentjob.

C.ThatclothesfromNancy'sofficehelpedtogetherajob

D.That"DressforSuccess"hasagoodbusinessrelationwithherfirm

25.听力原文：W:TheundergraduatescouldhardlyunderstandtheFrenchlecturewhichwasgivenlastweek.

M:Neitherthegraduatestudentscould.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Thegraduatestudentscouldunderstandthelecture.

B.Theundergraduatestudentscouldunderstandthelecture.

C.Boththeundergraduateandthegraduatestudentsunderstandthelecture.

D.Neithertheundergraduatenorthegraduatestudentscouldunderstandthelecture.

26.(13)

A.Themanwasconfusedaboutthedateoftheappointment.

B.Themanwantstochangethedateoftheappointment.

C.Themanisgladhe'sgotintouchwiththedoctor.

D.Themancan'tcomefortheappointmentat4:15.

27.(16)

A.40minutes.B.50minutes.C.45minutes.D.55minutes.

28.(28)

A.Theythinkthescreenisamapoftheworld.

B.Theyseethescreenlikeapainting.

C.Theyseethescreenlikeaphotograph.

D.Theyconsiderwhathappensontelevisionasareallife.

29.听力原文：OneofNewYork'smostbeautifulandvaluablebuildingsisindanger.TheNewYorkPublicLibrary,intheheartofthecityat42ndStreetandFifthAvenue,mayhavetocloseitsdoors.

Thelibraryisaveryspecialplace.Eventhoughitisinthebusiestpartofthecity,ithasgrassandtreesaroundit,andbenchesforpeopletositon.EvenmoreunusualincrowdedNewYork,itsroomsareverylarge.TheroofoftheMainReadingRoomis51feethigh.Here,areadercansitandthinkincomfort.

Andwhatbookstherearetoworkwith!Thelibraryhasover30millionbooksandpaintings.ItownsoneofthefirstcopiesofaShakespeareplay,aBibleprintedbyGutenberginthe15thcentury,andaletterwrittenbyColumbusinwhichhetellsoffindingthenewworld.

EveryNewYorkercanseeandusethelibrary'srichesforfree.

Butthecostofrunningthelibraryhasrisenrapidlyinrecentyears,andthelibrarydoesnothaveenoughmoneytocontinueitswork.Inthepast,itwasopeneveryevening,andalsoonSaturdaysandSundays.Nowitisclosedatthosetimes,tosavemoney.

Thelibraryistryingineverypossiblewaytoraisemoremoneytomeetitsincreasingcosts.Well-knownNewYorkwritersandartistsaretryingtohelp.Soaretheuniversities,whosestudentsusethelibrary,andthegovernmentofNewYorkCityandNewYorkState.Buttheproblemremainsserious.

Yetawaymustbefoundtosavethelibrary,because,asonewritersaid,"ThePublicLibraryisthemostimportantbuildinginNewYorkCity--itcontainsallourknowledge."

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A.Contentofdreams.

B.Itisintheheartofthecityat42ndStreetandSixthAvenue.

C.Itisintheheartofthecityat5ndStreetand42ndAvenue.

D.Itisintheheartofthecityat6ndStreetand42ndAvenue.

30.(41)

31.【B1】

32.

【B9】

33.(29)

A.Toseefilms.

B.Toreadbooksinthelibrary.

C.Toattendlectures.

D.TovisittheAssociation.

34.听力原文：Formostpeople,readinganewspaperhasbecomeahabitpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.I'msureinahundredyearswewillstillbereadingnewspapers.

Whatbasicallymakesnewsiswhataffectsourlives-thebigpoliticalstories,thecoverageofthewars,earthquakesandotherdisasters,willcontinuemuchthesame.Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.It'salreadyhappeninginareasthatmaydirectlyaffectourlives,likegeneticengineering.Inthefuture,Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificexplanationsofwhywefeelaswedo-aswedevelopabetterunderstandingofhowthebrainoperatesandwhatourfeelingsreallyare.

It'squitepossiblethatinthenextcenturynewspaperswillbetransmittedelectronicallyfromFleetStreetandprintedoutinourownhome.Infact,I'mprettysurethatishowitwillhappeninthefuture.Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu;makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyouwanttoread.

Ithinkpeoplehavegotitwrongwhentheytalkaboutthecompetitionbetweenthedifferentmedia.Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother.Somepeopleonceforesawthattelevisionwouldkilloffnewspapers,butthathasn'thappened.Whatisreadontheprintedpagelastslongerthanpicturesonascreenorsoundlostintheair.AndasfortheInternet,it'sneverreallypleasanttoreadsomethingjustonascreen.

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A.Itwillcovermorebigpolitical'affairs.

B.Itwon'tbeprintedinpublishinghouses.

C.Itwillcovermorescientificresearch.

D.Itwillcoverlessdisasters.

35.听力原文：M:Whattimeisit?Idon'thavemywatchwithme.

W:Mywatchhasstopped.Imusthaveforgottentowinditlastnight.Let'saskMaryoverthere.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?

(17)

A.Windingthewatch.

B.Stoppingthewatch.

C.Settingthewatchbytheradio.

D.AskingMaryaboutthetime.

36.(21)

A.Itdropssharply.

B.Itfallsslowly.

C.Itstaysthesame.

D.Itincreasesslowly.

37.听力原文：W:Well,weheardsomepeoplejustnowwhoseemtofeelthatotherpeoplehaveawrongideaabouttheworktheydo.Doyouthinkthissortofthingisverywidespread?

M:Ohabsolutely.Mostjobsorprofessionsseemtohaveanimageorastereotypeattachedtothem,oftenmuchtotheirritationofthejobholders.Butthereisaseriouspointtoallthis,too,thatmaybeyoungpeopleactuallychoosetheircareersundertheinfluenceofthesefalseimages.Andcertainly,thereisevidencethattheymayevenavoidcertaincareersbecausetheyhaveanegativeimage.Well,onalargescale,asyoucanimagine,thiscouldcauseproblemsforwholesectorsoftheeconomy.

W:Er,yousaythere'sevidence?

M:Ohmostdefinitely.Therewasasurveyrecentlyintochildren'sattitudestodifferentprofessions.

W:Howwasthatdone,though?Because,afterall,childrendon'tknowmuchabouttheworldofworkbeforetheygetintoit.

M:Well,exactly.Whattheinvestigatorswantedtogetatwastheirimpressionsandtheirprejudices.Theyusedaverysimpletechnique.Theygavethechildrentwelvepairsofstatements.Ineachpaironestatementwaspositive,theotherwasitsopposite.

W:Isee.Whatprofessionsdidtheyaskabout?

M:Doyoureallywantthewholelist?It'shuge!

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A.Heisascientist.

B.Heisasociologist.

C.Heisanofficer.

D.Heisaboss.

38.(25)

A.4weeks.B.6weeks.C.8weeks.D.10weeks.

39.听力原文：M:Lucy,couldyoudescribewhatyouweredoingatthemoment?

W:WellIwasstillsleepingat6o'clock.Thentherewasthishorriblesoundadthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewaves,allatthesametime.

Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

(13)

A.Asnowstorm.

B.Anearthquake.

C.Atrafficaccident.

D.Ahurricane.

40.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Wehumanshavefoundcountlessmysteriesoftheuniversewithwhichtooccupyourmindsoverthecenturies.Wenotonlyaskquestionsaboutwhatsomethingisbutwealsowanttoknowwhyitis.(26)Ancientpeopleinventedelaboratemythologicalexplanationstoaccountforthemysteriousthingstheysaw.Boththeskywithitsheavenlybodiesandseeminglynever-endingvastnessandtheseaswiththeirgreatdepthsandpowerwere,andstillare,capableoffillingpeoplewithfeelingsoffearandwonder.Asancienthumanslookedattheskyabovethem,onesightthatintriguedthemmostwastheMilkyWay.They,ofcourse,didn'tknowthatthestrange,broad,luminousbandoflightacrosstheskyisinrealitycomposedofcountlessstarsandplanetslocatedsofarfromtheEarththattheycannotbeenseenindividuallybythenakedeyes.(27)TotheancientChineseitappearedasaluminousriver,whichtheyreferredtoastheRiverofHeavenortheSilverStream.EventhoughtodayweknowwhattheMilkyWayis,(28)itremainsequallymysteriousinmanywaysbecauseitissoremotefromus.ItisnowonderthatforthoseindividualswhobelieveinUFOs,itseemsalikelyplacefromwhichtheycouldhavearisen.Afterall,weknowsolittleaboutheavenlybodies.Thepoweroftheoceanisawesome.Wehearoftidalwavesthatcrashontoland,destroyingeverythingintheirpath;wereadaccountsoflostshipsoverthecenturies.Now,inthe21stcenturyasweflyacrossthePacific,wecan'thelpbutfeelabitlonelyandconcernedaswethinkofthatvastbodyofwaterbelowus.

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A.Theydidn'tnoticethem.

B.Theygavemythologicalexplanations.

C.Theyignoredthem.

D.Theychosetoavoidseeingthem.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Bysaying"Thisisnoflashinthepan"(Paragraph3,Line6),theauthorimpliesthat

A.thelowinflationratewillcontinue

B.theinflationratewillriseagain

C.inflationwilldisappearentirely

D.thereisnoinflationatpresent

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

TheU.S.governmentisaskingAmericanstoeatlessandexercisemoreinanefforttostemthecountry'sincreasingepidemicofobesity.Ithasissuedreviseddietaryrecommendationsthatemphasizepropernutrition,morephysicalactivity,andpersonalinitiativeinmaintainingahealthyweight.

U.S.lawrequiresthegovernmenttoreviseitsdietaryguidelineseveryfiveyearstokeepupwiththelatestscientificresearch.AgricultureSecretaryAnnVeneman,whoseagencyisresponsibleforpromotinghealthynutrition,saysthisyear'supdateisanefforttoreverseasituationwheretwo-thirdsofAmericansaretooheavy.ThenewdietaryguidelinesarepartoftheongoingefforttohelpAmericansadoptandkeephealthierlifestylesandtoaddresstheepidemicofoverweightandobesitythatisaffectingsomany,especiallyournation'schildren.

SecretaryVenemanacknowledgesthatthefoodrecommendationshavenotchangedmuchovertheyears.Theystillcallfordietsrichinavarietyofvegetables,fruits,andwholegrains,andlimitsonfattyfoodsandsalt.Thisyear,however,theyplacestrongeremphasisontheimportanceofbalancingenergyintakeandoutput,callingonpeopletocuttheircalorieconsumptionandexercisemore.Theguidelinesurgeadultstoexerciseatleastmoderatelyfornolessthan30minutesadayandchildren,60minutesdaily.

TheU.S.agricultureofficialacknowledgesthatpastgovernmenteffortstopromoteahealthydiethavefailed,althoughshenotesthatthepublicrecognizestheimportanceofweightcontrolasshownbythestrengthofthemulti-billiondollardietindustry.Clearlypeoplearereachingoutforinformation.Havewebeensuccessfulinthepast?Imeancertainlywe'vehaddietaryguidelinesandyetwestillseeincreasingoverweightandobesityinthiscountry.

There'snotgoingtobeapill!Solet'sfaceit,America.Thereismoreinformationoutthere,butitalwayscomesbackto:Eatyourfruitsandvegetables,watchyourcalorieintake,andexercise.That'sassimpleasitcanbe!Mr.ThompsonsaysU.S.foodmanufacturersarerespondingtotheneedforhealthierdiets,especiallyforchildren.Manyhavereducedtheamountofsugarinchildren'sbreakfastcerealsandarepromotingthewholegrainandvitamincontentofotherfoods.Andasthegovernmentissueditsnewdietaryguidelines,oneofthelargestU.S.foodcompanies,Kraft,announcedthatitwillrestrictadvertisingofsnackfoodstochildren12andunderandmarketitshealthierproductstothisagegroup.

WhydoestheU.S.governmentrequireAmericanstoeatlessandexercisemore?

43.Basically,therearethreetypesoffatigue:physical,pathological(由疾病引起的),andpsychological.Asyoumightsuspect,eachdifferssignificantlyfromtheothers.

Whenyouexerciseyourbodyyouproducewasteproducts.Muscles,forexample,discardlacticacid(乳酸)intotheblood;cellsdumpincarbondioxide,Whenthesewastesreachacertainlevelintheblood,thebrainisnotifiedandyouractivityleveldrops.Excesswastesinthemusclesmayproducesoreness.Ifthebloodofaphysicallyfatiguedanimalisinjectedintoarestedanimal,itwillproducefatigue.Thesolutiontothistypeoffatigueissimple—rest.Thatshouldreviveyou;ifitdoesn't,anothercauseshouldbesought.

Haveyoueverbecomeinvolvedinsomanyactivitiesthatyouhadtobeintwoplacesatonce?Thisiswhathappenswhenyourbodyhasadisease.Thecellsareovertaxedandcannotkeepupwithbothfightingthediseaseandkeepingyouactive.Theresultisfatigue.Somecommunicablediseaseslikethefluandcoldsarenotoriousfordrainingyourenergy.Othernon-communicablediseases,likeanemia(贫血),drainyoubecauseyouarelackinganimportantbodyingredient.Beingoverweightcancausepathologicalfatigue.Itshouldbeobviousthatthistypeoffatigueisnotgoingtogoawaywithouttreatment.Inaway,pathologicalfatigueisalifesaver.Itletsyouknowsomethingiswrongandthatyouneedrest.Evenapoordietcanproducepathologicalfatigue.Frequently,peoplewhogooncrashdietsdeveloppathologicalfatigue,andifthedietisnotimproved,theymaydophysicalharmtotheirbodies.

Hereisthemostcommontypeoffatigue.Almosteverybodyexperiencesitnowandthen.Often,thecauseisanemotionalwaryouarewagingwithyourselforthosearoundyou.Someofthesefamiliarfactorscanbringonpsychologicalfatigue,worries,stress,lackofexercise,boredom,depression.Ifyouknowsomeonewithpsychologicalfatigue,wouldyouadvisehimtorest?Noway!Thatmightbefineforourothertypesoffatigue,butforthisone,it'sdeadly.Ifyouareevergoingtobeabletocopewithstress,depression,orworry,youneedoxygeninyourcellsandamoreoptimisticattitude.Getoutofthechairanddosomething!Believeitornot,manypeoplethrowthemselvesintophysicallaborlikecleaningorcarpentryto"defatigue"themselves.Ifyoufindyourselfinaparticularlystressfulsituationthatyoucan'tphysicallyescape,escapementally.Whenfatiguecontinues,maybeyouneedtogettotherootoftheproblem.

Thetopicforthispassageis______。

A.theproblemsofinsomnia

B.typesoffatigue

C.thedangersoffatigue

D.people'sneedforrest

44.

Thefox,inthispassage,is______.

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhistrick

D.consideredworthless

45.

Theessentialfunctionofphotosynthesisintermsofplantneedsis______.

A.toderiveenergyfromlight

B.topreservewater

C.tocombinecarbondioxidewithwater

D.toform.sugars

46.

【C5】

47.

Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears______.

A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary

B.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine

C.martknowsnothingaboutDNA

D.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA

48.

Manystudieshavefoundhumanexpressionsare______.

49.Afterthebombplotwasdiscovered,severedelayswerecausedatHeathrowAirportdueto_____.

50.TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisdisseminated,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizens'patternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,televisiondiminishedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizen'sfocusoncharacterthanissues.

Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.Themessagesonwhichmostofusrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeechgivenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting1.5to2hours,whichcharacterizednineteenthcenturypoliticaldiscourse,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementand10-second"soundbite(原声摘要)"inbroadcastnews.Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepoliticianbutratherviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeasnippet(摘录)ofthespeechonthenews.

Intheseabbreviated(缩减的)forms,muchofwhatconstitutedthetraditionalpoliticaldiscourseofearlierageshasbeenlost.In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistoricalcontextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,andcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferabletoothers.Insnippets,politiciansassertbutdonotargue.

Becausetelevisionisanintimatemedium,speakingthroughitrequiredachangedpoliticalstyle.thatwasmoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-style.stumpspeech.Relianceontelevisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schoolsteachustoanalyzewordsandprint.However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills.

Recognizingthepoweroftelevision'spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,stagedevents,calledpseudoevents,designedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpublicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumptionbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.politicsintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytelevision

B.citizensintheUnitedStatesprefertoseepoliticiansontelevisioninsteadofinperson

C.politicsintheUnitedStateshasbecomesubstantiallymorecontroversialsincetheintroductionoftelevision

D.citizensintheUnitedStatesarenowmoreinformedaboutpoliticalissuesbecauseoftelevisioncoverage

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

EconomistssayconfidenceintheU.S.economyhasimprovedsincethefinancialcrisisbegan,butitisstillataverylowlevel.Thisweek,theNewYork-basedConfe