2021届湖南省湖湘名校教育联合体高三上学期入学考试英语试题（解析版）听力

湖湘名校教育联合体·2021届高三入学摸底考试英语试题本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhoisSue?A.Theman'swife.B.Theman'ssister.C.Theman'sdaughter.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttowatch?A.News.B.AnimalWorld.C.Themovie.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthetrip?A.Exciting.B.Notinteresting.C.Challenging.4.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.InWestStreet.B.InSouthStreet.C.Attherailwaystation.5.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Readoutside.B.Stayinside.C.Jointheman.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdoesthewomanfeelwhenthemansayshehaswaitedoveranhour?A.Unhappy.B.Amused.C.Surprised.7.Whydoesthemanhavetowaitsolong?A.Thereisnobus.B.Hemissedabus.C.Itistoocold.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hewillstayatthehotelalone.B.Hewillstayatthehotelwithhisfriend.C.Hewillstayatthehotelwithhisfamily.9.Whendoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnApril21.10.Whereisthemannow?A.Atthehotel.B.Attheairport.C.Inanothercity.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttheboytodofirst?A.Dosomecleaning.B.Finishhishomework.C.Playoutside.12.Whichisoneofthethingstheboyhastodo?A.Cleaningthebathroom.B.Pullingweeds.C.Wipingthewalls.13.Wherewillthewomanhewhiletheboydoeshiswork?A.Intheyard.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthelivingroom.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Housingprices.B.Rentingahouse.C.Buyingahouse.15.Whatdoesthemanthinktheyshoulddofirst?A.Lookforahouseonline.B.Thinkabouttheneighborhood.C.Learnabouthousingprices.16.Whomostlikelyarethetwospeakers?A.Ayoungcouple.B.Anoldcouple.C.Neighbors.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatneedn'tstudentsdoindistanceeducation?ATheyneedn'tdoassignments.B.Theyneedn'tinteractwiththeteacher.C.Theyneedn'tgotoaregularclassroom.18.Whatcanstudentsdothroughtextorvoicechat?A.Shareideas.B.GetInternettools.C.Learnattheirownpace.19.Whichisoneoftheadvantagesofdistanceeducation?A.Youcankeepyourjob.B.Youdon'thavetotaketests.C.Therearenoacademicgoals.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.TheadvantagesoftheInternet.B.Theadvantagesofdistanceeducation.C.Thedisadvantagesoftraditionalschools.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项。ATriptoItalyforSpring2019/Fall2019TransferStudents!Don'tmissyourchancetoexploreoneoftheworld'smostdistinctivecountrieswherehistory,cultureandcuisinebineforanunforgettableexperience!Viewfamousart,visithistoricsites,discoveruniqueneighborhoodsandoutdoormarkets,andrelaxinanoutdoorcafe.Thetripwillconsistof3-4daysinRomefollowedbybustransportationtoFlorencefor3-4days.Additionally,aone-daytriptoSienna,PisaorSanGimignanowillbeincluded.Topicstobecoveredduringthetripinclude:CultureandLanguage,Art,LiteratureandHistory.●Whatdoesthetripexperienceinclude?RoundtripairfareandgroundtransportationProgrammedactivitiesTotalvalueoftheprogramismorethan$2,800,butisofferedtofull-timeSpring2019/Fall2019transfersforonly$550.●Whoiseligible(符合条件)forthetrip?AllnewtransferstudentswhoenterArcadiainSpring2019/Fall2019canparticipateintheprogram.●Whowillacpanytransferstudents?Eachgroupof20transferstudentswilltravelabroadwithonefaculty(教员)andonestaffmember.●Isthisprogramrestrictedtostudentsinspecificmajors?Theprogramisopentotransferstudentsinallmajors.ContactColleneHareat215-572-2840orformoreinformation.1.WhichofthefollowingiswhatthestudentswilldoinItaly?A.GotoFlorencebyair B.StayinRomemostofthetime.C.VisitSienna,PisaandSanGimignano. D.GotoFlorenceaftertheirtourofRome.2.HowwillthestudentsgotoItaly?A.Byplane. B.Byship.C.Bybus. D.Bytrain.3.Whomistheprogramfor?A.AlltransferstudentsinArcadia. B.NewtransferstudentsinArcadia.C.StudentsofallmajorsinArcadia. D.StudentsandteachersinArcadia.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】本文是应用文。这篇文章是关于2019年春季或秋季新转入Acadia的转学生到意大利之行的介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thetripwillconsistof3-4daysinRomefollowedbybustransportationtoFlorencefor3-4days.Additionally,aone-daytriptoSienna,PisaorSanGimignanowillbeincluded.”（行程包括在罗马3—4天，然后乘公交车到佛罗伦萨3—4天。此外，还将包括到Sienna,Pisa或者SanGimignano一日游。）”可知，在罗马的行程后，是坐公交车到Florence。选项C错误的原因是文章中提到的是aone-daytriptoSienna,PisaorSanGimignano…,是or（或者）不是and。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Whatdoesthetripexperienceinclude?部分中“Roundtripairfareandgroundtransportation”行程包括往返机票和地面交通。由此可知，学生到意大利是乘坐飞机。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Whoiseligible(符合条件)forthetrip?部分中“AllnewtransferstudentswhoenterArcadiainSpring2019/Fall2019canparticipateintheprogram.”可知，所有在2019年春季或秋季进入Arcadia的新转学生都可以参加该项目。故选B项。BIwastravelingwithstudentsinBarcelona,walkingthroughthefamousstreetLaRambla,whenInoticedtwoguysmakingfunofme.Icouldseetheminthereflectionofamirroredbuilding,makinggestureswiththeirhandstosuggesthowmuchbiggerIwasthanthethingirlstandingnexttome.Theypaintedherfigureintheairlikeanhourglass.Thentheypaintedmyshapelikeaball.Theyweresayingsomething,too,buttherewasonlyonewordIcouldmakeout:Gorda.Fatwoman.I'vebeenhearingmentslikethisformuchallmylife.Maybesomeoneelsewouldhaveyelledatthem,orshrunkinside.ButIdon'tgetupsetwhenthishappens.Ipulledoutmycamera,andsetupashoot.IsuspectthatifImetwiththesenarrow-mindedpeople,mywordswouldhavenoeffect.So,ratherthanusingtheattackers'actionstobeatmyselfup,Ijustprovethemwrong.Thecameragavememyvoice.Foraboutayear,I'dbeentakingpicturesofstrangers'reactionstomeinpublicforaseriesIcalled"WaitWatchers."MygoalistocaptureawiderangeofsocialgroupssoItravelasmuchasIcan.I'vephotographedinSpain,Peru,Chicago,NewYorkandMemphis.Isetupmycamerainplainsightonatripod(三脚架)orbench,oranassistantwilltakehundredsofphotographsinseveralminutes.IthenbtheimagestoseeifIcapturedareaction.AndIdon'tgethurtwhenIlookattheimages.IfeellikeIampushingthestarebackontothemtoletpeopleseetheirstare.I'mfinewithwhoIamanddon'tneedanyone'sapprovaltolivemylife.IonlygetangrywhenIhearsomeonementaboutmyweightbutIdon'tgettheshot.Sincetheprojectstartedgettingmediaattention,I'vereceivedhundredsofemailsfrompeoplethankingme.Therearesomanypeopleintheworldwhofeeltheyhavetherighttocriticizesomeoneforthewaytheylook.Igotanemailfroma15-year-oldgirlinBelgiumwhosaidmyimagesmadeher-feelbetterandnotcareaboutwhatothersthink."Thatmademeproud.Asforwhattheimagesmean,viewersmayinterprettheimagesastheyseefit.I'mjusttryingtostartaconversation.4.Wherewerethetwoguyswhentheauthornoticedthem?A.Outsidethebuilding. B.Onthetopofthebuilding.C.Nexttoamirrorinthebuilding. D.Infrontofamirrorinthebuilding.5.Whatdoestheauthorintendtogetwithhercamera?A.Picturesofstrangers. B.Picturesofsocialgroups.C.Reactionstoherfromstudents. D.Reactionstoherfromvariouspeople.6.WhatcanheinferredaboutthegirlinBelgium?A.Shepaysnoattentiontowhatothersthinkabout.B.Sheisoftenmadefunofforherappearance.C.Sherealizeshermakingfunofothersiswrong.D.Sheisbeginningtofeelproudofherappearance.7.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhenshewrotethisarticle?A.Upset. B.Guilty. C.Unlucky. D.Confident.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在本文中叙述她如何用照相机作为反击的武器，将那些在公共场所嘲笑她肥胖的人拍下来，公布于众，用此方法暴露对方不文明、不尊重他人的行为。短文的主线贯穿着作者一种自信：身体肥胖并非错，错的是那些嘲笑别人肥胖的人。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中IwastravelingwithstudentsinBarcelona,walkingthroughthefamousstreetLaRambla,whenInoticedtwoguysmakingfunofme.Icouldseetheminthereflectionofamirroredbuilding,makinggestureswiththeirhandstosuggesthowmuchbiggerIwasthanthethingirlstandingnexttome.可知我和学生们在巴塞罗那旅行，走在著名的兰布拉大街上，这时我注意到有两个家伙在取笑我。我能从一个镜面建筑的倒影中看到他们，用他们的手做着手势，暗示我比站在我旁边的瘦女孩要胖得多。由此可知，作者注意到这两个人的时候，他们在大楼外面。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中Foraboutayear,I'dbeentakingpicturesofstrangers'reactionstomeinpublicforaseriesIcalled"WaitWatchers."可知大约有一年的时间，我一直在拍摄陌生人在公共场合对我的反应，我称之为“等待观察者”。由此可知，作者想用她的相机得到不同的人对她的反应。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Igotanemailfroma15-year-oldgirlinBelgiumwhosaidmyimagesmadeher-feelbetterandnotcareaboutwhatothersthink.可知我收到一封来自比利时的15岁女孩的电子邮件，她说我的照片让她感觉更好，不关心别人怎么想。由此可推知，那个在比利时的女孩常因外表而被人取笑。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中IsuspectthatifImetwiththesenarrow-mindedpeople,mywordswouldhavenoeffect.So,ratherthanusingtheattackers'actionstobeatmyselfup,Ijustprovethemwrong.(我怀疑，如果我遇到这些小心眼的人，我的话不会起作用。所以，我不是利用攻击者的行为来打击自己，而是要证明他们是错的)；倒数第二段AndIdon'tgethurtwhenIlookattheimages.IfeellikeIampushingthestarebackontothemtoletpeopleseetheirstare.I'mfinewithwhoIamanddon'tneedanyone'sapprovaltolivemylife.IonlygetangrywhenIhearsomeonementaboutmyweightbutIdon'tgettheshot.(当我看这些照片的时候，我不会受伤。我觉得我把他们盯着看的目光推到了他们身上，让人们看到他们盯着看的目光。我接受自己，不需要任何人的认可来过我的生活。我只有在听到别人对我体重的评论时才会生气，但我没有机会)以及最后一段中Thatmademeproud.(这让我感到骄傲)由此可推知，作者在写这篇文章的时候可能感觉很自信。故选D。CLongbefore"digital"and"native"werewordsthatcouldreasonablyfitintothesamesentence,kidshadadventuresinthegreatoutdoors-thesortofnature-filledadventuresfilmmakerPaulWardexperiencedasachildgrowinguponafarm."Unfortunately,childrentodaydon'thavethesameexposuretonature,"saysthefatherofEstella,nine,andSylvie,seven."Instead,thesedigitalnativesareoftengluedtotheirscreens."Wantingtoreconnectthisyounggenerationwiththeoutsideworld-viaamediumthatthey'refamiliarwith-WardteamedupwithfilmproducerVickyPopetocreateWildEyes,awebsitethatusestechnologytohelpchildrentogetintouchwithnature.WardandPopespenttwoyearsdevelopingWildEyes,whichrequiresuserstopleteinterestingtasksinnature,suchassettingupcamporfindingacertainkindofbird.Onceachallengeisplete,theplayeruploadsaphototothewebsitetoearnonlineencouragementand"likes"fromotherplayers."It'sallaboutinteractingwithkidsontheirownterms,"saysWard.Ward,whospentalmosttwoyearsworkingasaproducerfortheDiscoveryChannelinLosAngeles,saystheresponsesofarhasbeenpositive."We'vehadmorethan15,000sitevisitorstodate,whichisreallyencouraging."BothWardandPopeareworkinghardtoensureallthetasksareaffordableandadaptableforboththehomeandclassroom.Theybelievethere'salsoafuturebenefittoturningsquareeyesintowildeyes."AsDavidAttenboroughsays,peoplewillonlyprotectwhattheycareaboutandthey'llonlycareaboutwhatthey'veexperienced,"hesays."Givensomuchofourlivesarelivedonline,ifwecareaboutlookingafterournaturalworld,it'simportantweprovideattractivedigitalexperiencesthatengageyoungkidswithnature."8.HowwasWard'schildhooddifferentfromhischildren's?A.Hedidalotofoutdooractivities. B.Hisvocabularywaslimited.C.Heseldomplayedinthewild. D.HehadnoputerorTVset.9.WhatdochildrendoonWildEyes?A.Expandtheirknowledgeaboutnature. B.pletetheirtasksgivenbythewebsite.C.Sharetheiroutdooractivitieswithothers. D.Participateinactivitiesorganizedbythewebsite.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"squareeyes"inparagraph7referto?A.Anactivitythatrequireshardwork. B.Anactivitythatisaffordableandadaptable.C.Apersonspendingalotoftimeinnature. D.Apersonspendingtoomuchtimeonthescreen.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ExperiencingtheGreatOutdoors B.KeepingawayfromtheScreenC.biningtheScreenwithNature D.LookingaftertheNaturalWorld【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了网站WildEyes，该网站将网络活动与户外活动相结合，让沉湎网络的孩子去了解和亲近自然。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Longbefore"digital"and"native"werewordsthatcouldreasonablyfitintothesamesentence,kidshadadventuresinthegreatoutdoors-thesortofnature-filledadventuresfilmmakerPaulWardexperiencedasachildgrowinguponafarm.(早在“digital”和“native”这两个词还没出现在同一个句子里的时候，孩子们就已经在户外探险了——这是电影制片人PaulWard小时候在农场里经历的充满自然的冒险)以及第二段"Unfortunately,childrentodaydon'thavethesameexposuretonature,"saysthefatherofEstella,nine,andSylvie,seven."Instead,thesedigitalnativesareoftengluedtotheirscreens."(“不幸的是，如今的孩子们没有像现在这样接触到大自然，”九岁的Estella和七岁的Sylvie的父亲说，“相反，这些数字原生代往往是黏在他们的屏幕上。”)由此可知，Ward的童年和他的孩子们的不同之处在于他做了很多户外活动。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段WardandPopespenttwoyearsdevelopingWildEyes,whichrequiresuserstopleteinterestingtasksinnature,suchassettingupcamporfindingacertainkindofbird.Onceachallengeisplete,theplayeruploadsaphototothewebsitetoearnonlineencouragementand"likes"fromotherplayers.可知Ward和Pope花了两年时间开发“WildEyes”，它要求使用者完成一些有趣的自然任务，比如搭帐篷或者找到某种鸟。一旦挑战完成，玩家就会在网站上上传一张照片，以获得其他玩家的鼓励和“赞”。由此可知，孩子们可以在WildEyes上与他人分享户外活动。故选C。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中"Givensomuchofourlivesarelivedonline,ifwecareaboutlookingafterournaturalworld,it'simportantweprovideattractivedigitalexperiencesthatengageyoungkidswithnature."可知“鉴于我们的生活中有那么多是在网上度过的，如果我们关心爱护我们的自然世界，提供吸引孩子们与自然接触的数字体验就很重要了。”由此可知，Ward和Pope开发WildEyes的目的就是为了让孩子们去接触自然，不要花太多的时间在电脑屏幕上，即squareeyes与thescreen有关，wildeyes与nature有关，所以划线短语所在句的意思是将一个人花在电脑屏幕上的时间，花到去接触自然界中。故划线短语意思为“一个人花太多时间在屏幕上”。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段Wantingtoreconnectthisyounggenerationwiththeoutsideworld-viaamediumthatthey'refamiliarwith-WardteamedupwithfilmproducerVickyPopetocreateWildEyes,awebsitethatusestechnologytohelpchildrentogetintouchwithnature.可知为了让年轻一代通过他们熟悉的媒介重新接触外面的世界，沃德与电影制片人VickyPope合作创建了一个名为WildEyes的网站，该网站利用科技帮助孩子们接触大自然。结合本文主要介绍了网站WildEyes。该网站将网络活动与户外活动相结合，让沉湎网络的孩子去了解和亲近自然。由此可知，C选项“屏幕与自然相结合”最符合文章标题。故选C。DTolearnnewthings,wemustsometimesfail.Butwhat'stherightamountoffailure?NewresearchledbytheUniversityofArizonaproposesamathematicalanswertothatquestion.Educatorshavelongrecognizedthatthereissomethingofa"sweetspot"whenitestolearning.Thatis,welearnbestwhenwearechallengedtograspsomethingjustoutsideofourexistingknowledge.Whenachallengeistoosimple,wedon'tlearnanythingnew;likewise,wedon'texpandourknowledgewhenachallengeissodifficultthatwefailentirelyorgiveup.Sowheredoesthesweetspotlie?Accordingtothenewstudy,it'swhenfailureoccurs15%ofthetime.Putanotherway,it'swhentherightanswerisgiven85%ofthetime.ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonacameupwiththeso-called"85%Rule"afterconductingaseriesofmachine-learningexperimentsinwhichtheytaughtputerssimpletasks,suchasclassifyingdifferentpatternsintooneoftwocategories.Theputerslearnedfastestinsituationsinwhichthedifficultywassuchthattheyrespondedwith85%accuracy."Ifyouhaveanerrorrateof15%oraccuracyof85%,youarealwaysmaximizingyourrateoflearninginthesetwo-choicetasks,"saidProfessorRobertWilson.Whenwethinkabouthowhumanslearn,the85%Rulewouldmostlylikelyapplytoperceptual(感知的)learning,inwhichwegraduallylearnthroughexperienceandexamples,Wilsonsaid.Imagine,forinstance,aradiologist(放射科医生)learningtotellthedifferencebetweenimagesoftumors(肿瘤)andnon-tumors."Youneedexamplestogetbetteratfiguringoutthere'satumorinanimage,"Wilsonsaid."IfIgivereallyeasyexamples,youget100%rightallthetimeandthere'snothinglefttolearn.You'renotgoingtobetakingasmuchfromthatasasituationwhereyouarestrugglingalittlehit.IfIgivereallyhardexamples,you'llhe50%correctandstillnotlearninganythingnew,whileifIgiveyousomethinginbetween,youcanheatthissweetspotwhereyouaregettingthemostinformationfromeachparticularexample."12.Whichofthefollowingislinkedwiththesweetspot?A.15percentaccuracy. B.50percentaccuracy.C.85percentaccuracy. D.100percentright.13.Whydidtheresearchersteachputerssimpletasks?A.Tofindoutwherethesweetspotlies. B.Toseehowwellputerscarryouttasks.C.Toparetheresultsoftheirexperiments. D.Toconductsomeresearchonmachinelearning.14.Whatisthepurposeofthe"examples"mentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toteachwhattodointhetreatmentoftumors. B.Toteachhowtodeterminethereisatumor.C.Tohelptorememberwhatislearned. D.Tohelptolearnhowatumordevelops.15.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemosteffectivewayoflearning?A.Nottakingfailuretooseriously. B.Learningthroughexperienceandexamples.C.Strugglingalittlebit,butnottoomuch. D.Learningthingsthatarepletelynew.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了学习的“八五定律”。学习的“最佳点”是百分之八十五的正确率，百分之十五的失败率，也就是说这时的学习效果最佳。学习太容易或太难都会导致学不到多少知识。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段Sowheredoesthesweetspotlie?Accordingtothenewstudy,it'swhenfailureoccurs15%ofthetime.Putanotherway,it'swhentherightanswerisgiven85%ofthetime.可知那么，最佳点在哪里呢？根据这项新的研究，失败发生的几率为15%。换句话说，就是85%的情况下给出了正确答案。由此可知，C选项“85%的准确率”与最佳点有关。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonacameupwiththeso-called"85%Rule"afterconductingaseriesofmachine-learningexperimentsinwhichtheytaughtputerssimpletasks,suchasclassifyingdifferentpatternsintooneoftwocategories.(亚利桑那大学的研究人员在进行了一系列机器学习实验后，提出了所谓的“85%规则”。在实验中，他们向计算机教授一些简单的任务，比如把不同的模式分成两类)；第五段Theputerslearnedfastestinsituationsinwhichthedifficultywassuchthattheyrespondedwith85%accuracy.(在困难程度很高的情况下，计算机的反应速度最快，准确率达到85%)以及第六段"Ifyouhaveanerrorrateof15%oraccuracyof85%,youarealwaysmaximizingyourrateoflearninginthesetwo-choicetasks,"saidProfessorRobertWilson.(RobertWilson教授说:“如果你的错误率为15%，准确率为85%，那么你总是在最大化你的学习效率。”)由此可推知，研究人员教计算机简单的任务，是为了找出最佳点在哪里。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段"Youneedexamplestogetbetteratfiguringoutthere'satumorinanimage,"Wilsonsaid."IfIgivereallyeasyexamples,youget100%rightallthetimeandthere'snothinglefttolearn.You'renotgoingtobetakingasmuchfromthatasasituationwhereyouarestrugglingalittlehit.IfIgivereallyhardexamples,you'llhe50%correctandstillnotlearninganythingnew,whileifIgiveyousomethinginbetween,youcanheatthissweetspotwhereyouaregettingthemostinformationfromeachparticularexample."可知“你需要例子来更好地辨别图像中的肿瘤，”Wilson说。“如果我给出非常简单的例子，你总是100%正确，就没有什么要学的了。你不会从这种情况中获得更多，因为你在这种情况下只会受到很少的打击。如果我给出很难的例子，你会有50%的正确率，但仍然没有学到任何新东西，而如果我给出介于两者之间的例子，你就能从每个具体的例子中获得最多的信息。”由此可推知，最后一段提到的“examples”的目的是教会学生如何确定肿瘤的存在。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"Ifyouhaveanerrorrateof15%oraccuracyof85%,youarealwaysmaximizingyourrateoflearninginthesetwo-choicetasks,"saidProfessorRobertWilson.可知RobertWilson教授说:“如果你的错误率为15%，准确率为85%，那么你总是在最大化你的学习效率。”结合本文本文主要介绍了学习的“八五定律”。学习的“最佳点”是百分之八十五的正确率，百分之十五的失败率，也就是说这时的学习效果最佳。学习太容易或太难都会导致学不到多少知识。由此可推知，C选项“会有点挣扎，但不是太过分”是最有效的学习方法。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetheryouareanewblogger,oronethathasbeenbloggingforawhile,youareprobablywonderinghowtomakethebestofyourblog.____16____Bydoingso,youcangetyourblogknown,promoteaproductandgettheresultsyouareexpecting.Hereareseveralwaystodothis.Thefirststepistomakesurethatyourblogisupdatedfrequently.____17____Thiswillmakeahugeimpactonyourblog.Continuepostingasyoushouldasthisissomethingthatwillkeepattractingyourreaderstoyourblog.___18___Havingyourownlookisahugeplusintheblogmarketingworld.YoucanhaveyourownlookbyjustusingHTML,andadjustingthecodetosuityourtaste.Youaregoingtoseethatthiswilltrulymakeadifferencewithyourblog.Trytogetathemethatisgoingtomatchthemarketthatyouarepromotinginyourblog.Doingsowillmakeitlookevenmoreprofessional.Somethingelsethatwillhelpyouwithyourblogmarketingisexchanginglinkswithauthorityblogsthatareinyoursamemarket.____19____TheauthoritysitesarelistedhighinGoogle'ssearchresults.Howeverjustafewlinksarehardlyeverenoughtogetyourblogknown.Youwillneedtocontinuetoworkonyourblogandgetmorelinkstoitallofthetime.____20____Intheworldofblogs,mostblogownersarethankfulforalllinks,andarewillingtoreturnthefavor.Rememberthateffectiveblogmarketingrequirespersistenceandpatience.Justkeepworkingonit.Yourhardworkisgoingtopayoffandyouwillhegladthatyoudid.A.Makeyourblogdifferent.B.Themorethebetterinthiscase.C.Infact,thekeytothisistoblogeffectively.D.Meanwhile,heonguardagainstharmfullinks.E.Postinyourblogregularlyforthebestresults.F.Anotherimportantthingistomakeyourbloglooknice.G.Thisisanothergreatwaytogetthewordoutaboutyourblog.【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.G20.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。无论你是一个新博主，还是一个已经写了一段时间博客的人，你可能都想知道如何充分利用你的博客。文章主要说明了一些如何推广博客的方法。【16题详解】根据上文Whetheryouareanewblogger,oronethathasbeenbloggingforawhile,youareprobablywonderinghowtomakethebestofyourblog.(无论你是一个新博主，还是一个已经写了一段时间博客的人，你可能都想知道如何充分利用你的博客)以及后文Bydoingso,youcangetyourblogknown,promoteaproductandgettheresultsyouareexpecting.(通过这样做，你可以让你的博客为人所知，推广一种产品，并得到你期望的结果)由此可知，本句承上启下说明充分利用博客的方法是什么，要想充分利用博客，关键是要有效地写博客。故C选项“事实上，关键是有效地写博客”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文Thefirststepistomakesurethatyourblogisupdatedfrequently.可知第一步是确保你的博客经常更新。由此可知，本句承接上文进一步解释说明，经常更新就是指要经常在博客上发帖。故E选项“经常在你的博客上发帖，以获得最好的效果”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据后文Havingyourownlookisahugeplusintheblogmarketingworld.YoucanhaveyourownlookbyjustusingHTML,andadjustingthecodetosuityourtaste.Youaregoingtoseethatthiswilltrulymakeadifferencewithyourblog.Trytogetathemethatisgoingtomatchthemarketthatyouarepromotinginyourblog.Doingsowillmakeitlookevenmoreprofessional.可知在博客营销的世界里，拥有自己的形象是一个巨大的优势。只需使用HTML，并根据自己的喜好调整代码，就可以拥有自己的外观。你将会看到这将对你的博客产生真正的影响。试着在你的博客中找到一个与你所推广的市场相匹配的主题。这样做会让它看起来更专业。由此可知，本段主要说明的是如何让博客与众不同，在外观上吸引别人。故A选项“让你的博客与众不同”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文Somethingelsethatwillhelpyouwithyourblogmarketingisexchanginglinkswithauthorityblogsthatareinyoursamemarket.可知另一种帮助你进行博客营销的方法是与你所在市场的权威博客交换链接。由此可知，本句评价上文提到的这种方法——通过和权威博客交换链接，这是另一种传播你博客信息的好方法。故G选项“这是另一种传播你博客信息的好方法”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文Youwillneedtocontinuetoworkonyourblogandgetmorelinkstoitallofthetime.(你需要继续努力，让你的博客一直有更多的链接)以及后文Intheworldofblogs,mostblogownersarethankfulforalllinks,andarewillingtoreturnthefavor.(在博客的世界里，大多数博客所有者都感谢所有的链接，并愿意回报)由此可知，因为这种努力会取得回报，所以应当是链接越多越好。故B选项“在这种情况下，越多越好”符合语境，故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Manypeoplesaythattheirchildhoodwasthehappiesttimeoftheirlives.But,thatwasnot___21___forme,atleastbetweentheagesof10to12.Iwaspractically____22____bymyparents,whoseemedonlyinterestedintheirnever-endingmoneymaking.Iwas____23____,aloneratschooltoo,dislikedbymyclassmatesforgettinggoodgrades.Longingfor____24____,Ifellintodepressionandstartedthinkingaboutdeath.Whileontheschoolfieldtrip,Ilostmyfootingandslippedintoamarsh(沼泽)andgotmy____25____muddy.Asluckwouldhaveit,outofnowhere,anangel,inthe____26____ofanativewoman，lentmeahelpinghand.She____27____metohersmallcottageandhelpedmechangemy____28____trousers.Shemademeeatfromwhatlittlefoodshehad,andtoldmefunnystories,____29____tocheermeup.Thatladysavedme.Shesavedmybeliefinthe____30____ofpeople.Icametoseethatnomatterwhathappens,therearegoodthingsintheworld,whichyoucan____31____forexistence.AnotherthingInoticedwasthatthelady,thoughshelivedin____32____surroundings,seemedhappy.Irealizedthatlifeisbeautifulifweloveit.Onlythosewhoare____33____theirlifecanreallyunderstandwhathappinessreallyis.Idroppedtheideaofendingmy____34____.ImustthankthatkindladyforwhatIhadneverexperiencedtillthen.____35____someone'slifewithkindnessisworthallthetreasureintheworld.21.A.precise B.acceptable C.new D.true22.A.controlled B.abused C.ignored D.missed23.A.careless B.purposeless C.friendless D.fearless24.A.freedom B.schooling C.money D.pany25.A.backpack B.trousers C.glasses D.coat26.A.form B.absence C.direction D.hope27.A.took B.followed C.pointed D.guided28.A.tight B.wet C.new D.worn29.A.attempting B.offering C.demanding D.helping30.A.honesty B.wisdom C.ability D.kindness31.A.devoteto B.contributeto C.relyon D.insiston32.A.unpleasant B.cosy C.unfamiliar D.natural33.A.seriousabout B.proudof C.busywith D.contentwith34.A.trip B.lessons C.life D.program35.A.Assessing B.Changing C.Creating D.Valuing【答案】21.D22.C23.C24.D25.B26.A27.A28.B29.A30.D31.C32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。童年并不幸福的作者，被父母忽视、没有朋友，甚至被同学讨厌，让作者一度陷入了抑郁，想到结束生命。直到作者遇到了一个好心的妇女，妇女的善良改变了作者的生活，让作者放弃了轻生的念头。作者感谢她给了自己从未经历过的一切。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，这对我来说不是真的，至少对10到12岁的孩子来说不是。A.precise精确的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.new新的；D.true真实的。根据上文but表示转折可知，童年不是作者一生中最快乐的时光，所以这句话对作者来说并不是真的。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母实际上忽视了我，他们似乎只对他们永无止境的赚钱感兴趣。A.controlled控制；B.abused虐待；C.ignored忽视；D.missed错过。结合后文whoseemedonlyinterestedintheirnever-endingmoneymaking可知作者的父母只顾挣钱，忽视了作者。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有朋友，在也是一个孤独的人，因为成绩好而被同学们讨厌。A.careless粗心的；B.purposeless无目的的；C.friendless没有朋友的；D.fearless无畏的。结合后文aloneratschooltoo可知作者没有朋友，在也是孤独一个人。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于渴望有人陪伴，我陷入了抑郁，并开始思考死亡。A.freedom自由；B.schooling教育；C.money钱；D.pany陪伴。结合上文可知作者被父母忽视、没有朋友，还被同学讨厌，所以作者是渴望陪伴的。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在郊游时，我失足滑进了沼泽地，把