it的用法总结与练习

it的用法西安市第八十五中学英语组王宏波第1页，共29页。【高考走向】It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。14.Thedoctorthought______wouldbegood

foryoutohaveaholiday.（2010全国卷II）

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it答案：D解析：考查It的用法。It的两个重要用法是作形式主语和形式宾语。本题考查形式宾语，it在这里代指后面的真正宾语tohaveaholiday。第2页，共29页。（2010陕西卷短文改错）

Mysistersawalovelycupwhenweareshoppingtheotherday.Shelikeditatonce.Thenshebentdownandpickeduptolookatapriceonit....

解析：pickup中间应加上it，指代上文提到的alovelycup.第3页，共29页。

it的基本用法一、代词it （1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。

Thatvaseisvaluable.It’smorethan200yearsold.

那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。

Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。（2）用以代替提示代词this,that。 —What’sthis?—It’saknife. —Whosewatchisthat?—It’smine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。 —Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.（4）表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离、环境等意义的句子中。 Itishalfpastthreenow.现在是三点半钟。

Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.

这里离最近的医院也有六英里。

Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark.

天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。

Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.第4页，共29页。（5）it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：

It’sawful—I’vegotsomuchworkIdon’tknowwheretostart.

糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。

Howisitgoingwithyou?

Takeiteasy.

it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。 —Doyoustillhavethebicycle?

—No,Ihavesoldit.

—Isthisknifeyours?

—No.ItisXiaoZhang’s.Mineistheoneonthedesk.

it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。TheclimateofSouthChinaismild（温和的）;Ilikeitverymuch.（it指theclimateofSouthChina）TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.（that指theclimate）第5页，共29页。二、引导词it

it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。（1）用作形式主语Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.翻译这篇文章很难。Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.懒汉谋生是日益困难了。Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么时候我再给你打电话最合适？Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.这么早去那里没有用。Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtovisitme.你的来访是我很大的荣幸。Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.真奇怪，他竟还没来。Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.什么都没关系。第6页，共29页。（2）用作形式宾语Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他们对他的死保密。Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。第7页，共29页。(3)强调句型引导词it.a.强调句句型 1)陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。 ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing. 2)一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。 WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing? 3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？ Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?第8页，共29页。4)强调句例句：

针对ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.强调宾语：ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.强调地点状语：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.强调时间状语：ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.5)注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas…，其余的时态用Itis…。第9页，共29页。b.not…until…句型的强调句1)句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.2)注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用；因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。第10页，共29页。c.谓语动词的强调1)Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。Dositdown.务必请坐。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信。Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2)注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。第11页，共29页。it的句型1.It

is

+（心理品质方面的）adj.＋of

+

sb.

+to

do.=

主语+

be

+形容词＋to

do.修饰人，of后引出的名词或代词不但是后面不定式的逻辑主语，而且也是前面adj.的逻辑主语。所以，这种句子中的adj.一般都是表示人的特性的adj.(常用的形容词有kind,

stupid;

foolish,

good,

wise,selfish,unfair,silly,polite等。)

It

is

kind

of

you

to

help

me.＝You

are

kind

to

help

me.Itwassillyofyoutobelievehim.Itwasstupidofhertomakesuchamistake.

第12页，共29页。2.It

is

+adj.(possible,

impossible,

necessary等)

＋for+

sb.+

to

do.

修饰物，for后引出的名词或代词只是后面不定式的逻辑主语，而不是前面adj.的逻辑主语。ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisimpossibleforhimtowalk30mileswithinanhour.Itiseasyforyoutolistentotheteacherattentively.第13页，共29页。3.It

is

/

was＋被强调的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分.如：It

wasn't

until

he

came

back

that

I

went

to

bed.直到他回来我才睡觉。It

was

because

he

was

ill

that

he

didn't

come

to

school

today.只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。It

is

I

who

am

a

student.

我确实是个学生。（句中am不能用are来代替。）第14页，共29页。4.容易与强调句混淆的固定句型中1.)Itisthefirsttime(that)主语+havedone...2.)Itwasthefirsttime(that)主语+haddone...3.)It

is

(high)

time

+

(that)

主语＋should

do

/

did...4.)It

is

+段时间＋since+主语＋did.

It

was

+段时间＋since+主语＋had

done.

5.)It

is/was＋表示地点的名词＋where+从句（本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句。）6.)It

is

/

was

+表示时间的名词＋when+从句。（本句不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句。）7.)It

+谓语＋段时间＋before+主语＋谓语.（

before引导的是时间状语从句。）8.)It's+地点状语+that...9.)It's+时间状语+that...Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavebeenhere.(定从）Itwasthefirsttime(that)Ihadvisitedtheplace.(定从）Itis(high)time(that)hewenttoschool.(虚拟定语从句）ItisalongtimesinceImetyoulast.(时间状从）It'llbeanotheryearbeforehecomeshere.(时间状语从句）Itwasalready8o'clockwhenhecameback.(时间状语从句）ItisthetownwhereIwasborn.(定从）ItwasinthetownthatIcametoknowhim.(强调结构）Itwas3yearsagothathejoinedthearmy.(强调结构）It

will

be

three

hours

before

he

comesback.（之后...才...)It

wasn't

long

before

the

people

inthat

country

rose

up.

没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。第15页，共29页。5.由it构成的常用词组Itappears...that在...看来似乎Itcanbesaidthat可以说Itcanbeseenthat可见，可以说Ithappenedthat碰巧，偶然Ithasbeenprovedthat已经证明Itisafactthat事实上Itisapitythat可惜，遗憾Itisawonderthat奇怪的是Itisnousethat是无用的Itisobviousthat显然，很明显Itisexpectedthat人们希望，预期Itislikelythat很可能，大概Itseems/looksasif仿佛像是Itispointedoutthat有人指出Itmakesnodifferencethat...都是一样，无区别Ittakessb.todosth.某人花费...做...Italldepends.=Thatdepends.视情况而定Ifitisconvenienttoyou如你方便时believeitornot信不信由你asitis事实上，其实Itisapleasuretodo...高兴做Ifithadnotbeenfor=butfor要不是Itisnogood(use)doingsth.第16页，共29页。高考链接1.Hedidn’tmake____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.(天津2007)A.this B.that C.it D.these2.____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(浙江2006)A.As B.That C.This D.ItCD第17页，共29页。3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but______didn’thelp.(2005全国)A.it B.she C.which D.he4.I’dappreciate______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(山东2006)A.that B.itC.this D.youAB第18页，共29页。5.Itwas______hecamebackfromAfricathatyear______hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.(江西2009)A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.olny,when6.ItwasalongtheMissippiRiver______MarkTwainspentmuchofhidchildhood.(天津2008)A.howB.whichC.thatD.whereC

C

第19页，共29页。改错Youwon’tfinddifficulttogettothecitycenter.(2004全国)2.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.(2004湖北)3.ThisisnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwasregardedas“thebestcarintheworld”.

find后加itthere→itThis→It第20页，共29页。Exercises:1.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Inwhichplayis______yourbrotherwillappear?A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhere3.______theharderyouwork,thebetterresultyou’llget.A.It’sbelievedthatB.WhatwebelievedthatC.It’sfactD.WhatthefactisACA第21页，共29页。4.Nothingcanstopus,_______?A.can’titB.canitC.can’tweD.canwe5.---Canyoutellushowthewarwaswonintheend?---Idon’tknow,________.A.It’shardtosayB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.It’snousesayingD.ItdependsontheworkBA第22页，共29页。6.Does______matteralotwhethershewillcomeherebybusorbytaxi?A.ThethingB.thatC.itD.hermother7.---Listen!Someoneisunlockingthegoods.---_____mustbeyourfathercomingbackfromBeijing.A.ItB.ThereC.ThatD.ThisCA第23页，共29页。8.---Haveyouwrittenalettertoher?---No,butI’mgoingtowrite_____tonight.A.itB.thatC.thoseD.one9.---Aretheycomingtothemeeting?---________.A.IknowsoB.IamsuresoC.IamsureofitD.Iquestionit10._______nowprettylate,wetookcandlesandwentupstairs.A.BeingB.ForC.ForbeingD.ItbeingDAD第24页，共29页。11.Theteachertoldthestudents_______.A.whytolearnEnglishimportantB.whywasitimportanttolearnEnglishC.whyitimportanttolearnEnglish