2007年英语专八试卷真题及答案

2007年英语专八试卷及答SectionBInthissectionyouwillheareverythingonceonly.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcoloredanswersheet.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothefollowingfivequestions.NowlistentotheinterviewAccordingtoNigel,mostproblemsofairtravelarecausedUnfavorableweatherAirportshandlingInadequateticketingwhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedascompensationforvolunteersforthenextfightout?phoneCashSeatWhydoesNigetsuggestthatbusinesstravelersavoidbigBecauseallflightsinandoutofthereareBecausethevolumeoftrafficisBecausetherearemorepopularBecausetherearemoredelaysandAccordingtoNigel,inexperiencetravelersarelikelytomakethefollowingmistakesexcept.BookingonlesspopularbuyingticketsatfullcarryingexcessivenninglongbusinessWhichofthefollowingstatementsisThepossibilityofdiscountsdependsonatravelagent’sofLongerflightstothesamedestinationmaybeItisadvisabletoneverydetailofatripinArrangingforstopoverscanavoidovernightSECTIONCNEWSInthissectionyouwillheareverythingonceonly.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothe6whathappenedonAtraincrashoccurredcausingminorInvestigatorfoundoutthecauseoftheCrewsrescuedmorepassengersfromtheAcommutertraincrashedintoaQuestion7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.WhichofthefollowingwasnotontheagendaoftheG20IraqWTOFinancialPossibleTheG20is Question9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswertheTheUNCharterwentintoeffectItwassignedbythe50originalmemberItwasapprovedbythefoundersandothermemberItwasapprovedbythefoundingItwassignedbythefoundingWhichofthefollowingbestdescribetheroleoftheTheCharteronlydescribespowersoftheUNTheChartermainlyaimstopromoteworldThecharterisatreatyaboveallotherThecharterauthorizesreformsinUNPart2ReadingComprehensionInthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet.TextTheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx.oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnow ernmentfinancingandcentralnning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweethroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub-Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales-abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalsthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionaylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline.AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans“landofcompatriots,”istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere-onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.“UntilveryrecenttimesmostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales’sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.“Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,”Dyfan.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we’reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging.”Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeantmaintainthepresentstatusamongthereducelegislativepowersofcreateabetterstateofequalityamongthenations.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheTheword“centrifugal”inthesecondparagraphWalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectspeople’sdesireforlocals’turnoutforthepowersofthelegislativestatusofthenationalWhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentityWelshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationalPoverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanAWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinThenationalsymbol eafamiliarAccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedpeople’smentality.poptown’spossibilitiesfortheTextGettingtotheheartofKuwaitidemocracyseemshilariouslyeasy.Armedonlywithadog-earedNEWSWEEKID,IambledthroughthegatesoftheNationalAssemblylastweek.Unscanned,unsearched,mysatchelcouldeasilyhaveheldtheoddgrenadeorananthrax-stuffedlunchbox.Theonly whostoppedmewasaguardwhogrinnedandinvitedmetotakeaswigoforangejuicefromhissticbottle.WereIaKuwaitiwomanwieldingaballot,Iwouldhavebeenaclearerandmorepresentdanger.ThatverydayParliamentblockedabillgivingwomenthevote;29M.P.svotedinfavourand29against,withtwoabstentions.Unabletodecidewhetherthebillhadpassedornot,the ernmentscheduledanothervoteintwoweeks-toolateforwomentoregisterforJune’smunicipalelections.Thenextsuchelectionsaren’tuntil2009.Insidetheelegant,marbledParliamentitself,aseaofmustachioedmeninwhiterobessatingreenseats,debatingfuriously.Therulingemirhaspushedforwomen’spoliticalrightsforyears.Ironically,thedemocraticallyelectedlegislaturehasthwartedhim.Traditionalistsandtriballeadersareopposed.Liberalsfret,too,that stswilllettheirmultiplewivesvote,swellingconservativeranks.“WhenIcametoParliamenttoday,peoplewhovotedyesdidn’tevenshakehandswithme,”saidoneShiaclerc.“Whycan’twerespecteachotherandworktogether?”Whynotindeed?ByGulfstandards,Kuwaitisademocraticsuperstar.Itscitizensenjoy speech(aslongastheydon’tinsulttheiremir,naturally)andboastaParliamentthatcanactuallypasslaws.UnliketheirSaudisisters,Kuwaitiwomendrive,workandtravelly.Theyrunmultibillion-dollarbusinessesandserveasambassadors.Theiracademicsuccessissuchthatcollegeshaveactuallyloweredthegradesrequiredformakestudentstogetintomedicalandengineeringcourses.Eventhen,70percentofuniversitystudentsarefemales.InKuwait,theWesternobsessionwiththehigabfindsitsequivalent.AtafancypartyforNEWSWEEK’sArabicedition,someKuwaitiwomenworethem.Othersoptedfortight,spangled,sheerlittlenumbersinpeacockblueorparrotorange.Fortheparty’sentertainment,NancyAjram,theArabworld’sanswertoBritneySpears,sangpassionatesongsofloveinawhitemini-dress.Shecouldn’tdanceforus,alas,sinceshakingone’sbodyonstageisillegalinKuwait.Thatdidn’tstopwholetablesofmenfromraisingtheircamera-enabled phonesandclickingherpicture.You’dthinknotbeingabletovoteordanceinpublicwouldangerKuwait’syoungergenerationofwomen.Tofindout,Iheadedtothemalls-Kuwait’sarchipelagoofcivic dom.EagertoduckStrictparentsandthesocialtaboosofdatinginpublic.Kuwaitishavetakentocafes,beamingflirtatiousinfrarede-mailstooneanotherontheircellphotos.AtStarbucksintheglitteringAlSharqMall,Ifoundonlytablesofmen,puffingcigarettesandgrumblingabouttheservice.AtPizzaHut,IthoughtI’dgotananswerafterencounteringayoungwomanwholookedeveryinchthemodernsuffragette—drainpipens,strappysliverhigh-heeledsandalsandahigabstuddedwithpurplerhinestones.But,no,MiriamAl-Enizi,20,studyingbusinessadministrationatKuwaitUniversity,doesn’tthinkwomenneedthevote.”Menarebetteratpoliticsthanwomen,”sheexined,addingthatwomeninKuwaitalreadyhaveeverythingtheyneed. etodemocracy,KuwaitAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplemightbeviewedasbeingdangerousbytheguards?ForeignWomenForeignMembersoftheNationalThebillgivingwomenthevotedidnotmanagetopassDifferentinterestgroupshelddifferentLiberalsdidnotreachconsensusamongParliamentwascontrolledbytraditionalists.D.Parliamentmemberswereallconservatives.Whatistheroleofthe4thand5thparagraphsinthedevelopmentofthetopic?ToshowhowKuwaitiwomenenjoyTodescribehowwomenworkandstudyinToprovideacontrasttotheprecedingToprovideacontrasttotheprecedingWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutyoungKuwaitiTheyseemtobequiteTheygoinforWesternTheydesiremorethanmodernTheyfavourtheuseofhi-techTextRichard,KingofEnglandfrom1189to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures.Hehasbeendescribedastheandembodimentoftheageofchivalry,Inthosedaysthelionwasmuchadmiredinheraldry,andmorethanonekingsoughttolinkhimselfwithitsrepute.WhenRichard'scontemporariescalledhim"CoeurdeLion"(TheLionheart),theypaidalastingcomplimenttothekingofbeasts.LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures.HewasinEnglandonlytwiceforafewshortmonthsinhistenyears'reign;yethismemoryhasalwaysEnglishhearts,andseemstopresentthroughoutthecenturiesthepatternofthefightingman.InalldeedsofprowessaswellasinlargeschemesofwarRichardshone.Hewastallanddelica yshapedstronginnerveandsinew,andmostdexterousinarms.Hereioicedin alcombat,andregardedhisopponentswithoutmaliceasnecessaryagentsinhisfameHelovedwar,notsomuchforthesakeofgloryorpoliticalends,butasothermenlovescienceorpoetry,fortheexcitementofthestruggleandtheglowofvictory.Bythishiswholewastoned;andunitedwiththehighestqualitiesofthemilitarycommander,loveofwarcalledforthallthepowersofhismindandAlthoughamanofbloodand,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousonhabituallycruel.Hewasasreadytoforgiveashewashastytooffend;hewasopen-handedandmunificenttoprofusion;inwarcircumspectindesignandskilfulinexecution;inpoliticalachild,lackinginsubtletyandexperience.Hispoliticalallianceswereformeduponhislikesanddislikes;hispoliticalschemeshadneitherunitynorclearnessofpurpose.Theadvantagesgainedforhimbymilitarygeoidswereflungawaythroughdiplomaticineptitude.When,onthejoutheytotheEast,MessinainSicilywaswonbyhisarmshewaseasilypersuadedtosharewithhispolished,faithlessally,PhilipAugustus,fruitsofavictorywhichmorewiselyusedmighthavefoiledtheFrenchKing'sartfulschemes.TherichandtenableacquisitionofCypruswascastawayevenmoreeasilythanitwaswon.Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyin.In1199,whenthedifficultiesofraisingrevenuefortheendlesswereattheirheight,goodnewswasbroughttoKingRichard.ItwassaidtherehadbeendugupnearthecastleofChaluz,onthelandsofoneofhisFrenchvassals,atreasureofwonderfulquality;agroupofgoldenimagesofanemperor,hiswife,sonsanddaughters,seatedroundatable,alsoofgold,hadbeenunearthed.TheKingclaimedthistreasureaslordparamount.ThelordofChaluzresistedthedemand,andtheKinglaidsiegetohissmall,weakcastle.Onthethirdday,asherodedaringly,nearthewall.confidentinhishard-triedluck,aboltfromacrossbowstruckhimintheleftshoulderbytheneck.Thewound,alreadydeep,wasaggravatedbythenecessarycuttingoutofthearrow-head.Gangrenesetin,andCoeurdeLionknewthathemustpaysoldier’sdebt.Hepreparedfordeathwithfortitudeandcalm,andinaccordancewiththeprincipleshehadfollowed.Hearrangedhisaffairs,hedividedhis albelongingsamonghisfriendsorbequeathedthemtocharity.HedeclaredJohntobehisheir,andmadeallpresentswearfealtytohim.Heorderedthearcherwhohadshotthefatalbolt,andwhowasnowaprisoner,tobebroughtbeforehim.Hepardonedhim,andmadehimagiftofmoney.ForsevenyearshehadnotconfessedforfearofbeingcompelledtobereconiledtoPhilip,butnowhereceivedtheofficesoftheChurchwithsincereandexemrypiety,anddiedintheforty-secondyearofhisageonApril6,1199,worthy,bytheconsentofallmen,tositwithKingArthurandRolandandotherheroesofmartialromanceatsomeEternalroundTable,whichwetrusttheCreatoroftheUniverseinHiscomprehensionwillnothaveforgottentoprovide.Thearcherwasflayed20“littledidtheEnglishpeopleownhimforhisservice”one)meansthatthepaidfewtaxestogavehimlittlereceivedlittleprotectionfromhadnorealcausetofeelgratefultoTosaythathiswifewasa“magnificentparade’(Two)impliesthatitwastosomeextent.A.spentchieflyatwar.B.impressiveandC.livedtooD.anemptyRichard’sbehaviourasdeathapproachedbraveryandself-WisdomandDevotionandChivalryandThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichardcheatedbyhisowndeterminedtotakerevengeonhismoregeneroustohisenemiesthanhisDunabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhisWhichofthefollowingphrasebestdescribesRichardasseenbytheauthor?Anaggressiveking,toofondofAbravekingwithminorAcompetentbutcunningAkindwithgreatpoliticalTherelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsiseachpresentsonesideofthepicture.thefirstgeneralizesthesecondgivesthesecondisthelogicalresultofthebothpresentRichard’svirtuesandTEXTThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryonemustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneoftheaudaciouspromiseofthe20th?Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity-evencomfort-foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays-lackoffoodwarmth,shelter-wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.ernmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogrammesfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S.).Labourunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintobeingandofferedthepossibility-insomecasesthepromise-oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.?Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.Formillenniathe ’sstancetowardprovidingforhimselfhadbeen. yI’monmyown.Nowitbecame,UltimayI’llbecareTheearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshad globallyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendedit’sno-layoff.AT&Tfiredmanyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimply prehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labour-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.ClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackAmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialforanyofAlessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionns,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinedcontributionns,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionnisthe401(k).thesignificanceofThe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityfora economicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintotheneachyearandhowitgetsinvested-thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.WhichbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts.Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwith stock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasa bie,sincenothingcompelsa tomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthe’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhenshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerewhilethe changednadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.TheEnronemployees’’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustinlectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandces,they’reontheirownwhydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory…”?Because hasgoneBecausesucheventswouldneverhappenBecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementBecauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomic Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbyernments,layoutunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangepeople’soutlookonpeople’slifepeople’slivingpeople’ssocialChangesinpensionschemeswerealsopartthecorporatelay- ernmentcutsinwelfaretheeconomicthewarningpoweroflaborsThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecauseThe401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownEnronofferedto stocktotheirtheiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionEnron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitWhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnron401(k)assetsshouldbecedinmorethanoneinvestmentEmployeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforSucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytopeople’sEconomicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfuturePARTⅢGENERALKNOWLEDGE（10ThemajorityofthecurrentpopulationintheUKaredecedentsofallthefollowingtribesrespectivelyEXCEPTthethetheJutestheTheHeadofStateofCanadaisrepresentedthethethePrime ernor-generalTheDeclarationofIndependencewaswrittenThomasJeffersonGeorgeAlexanderJamesTheoriginalinhabitantsofAustraliatheRedthetheAboriginestheWhichofthefollowingnovelswaswrittenbyEmilyOliverJaneWutheringHeightsWilliamButlerYeatswasa(n) poetandIrishDeathofaSalesmanwaswrittenArthurMillerErnestRalphJames referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesofwordformation.MorphologyThedistinctivefeaturesofaspeechvarietymaybeallthefollowingEXCEPTpsycholinguisticThewordtailoncereferredto“thetailofahorse”,butnowitisusedtomean“thetailofanyanimal.”ThisisanexampleofwideningofmeaningnarrowingofmeaninglossofGoodbyeandgoodluckScientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeonthenet,buttheverylifeofthenet.Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fatsterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge-butdesper